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In this episode of The Brainstorm, Sam and Brett cover a week of exciting developments. Brett was at the Tesla Roadster unveil in person and argues the event was primarily marketing for a prospective SpaceX Tesla merger, pointing to the swapped order of the earnings calls, SpaceX executives quietly following Tesla accounts over the weekend, and the window a shareholder vote would require. Then to CoreWeave, whose bonds are trading at a fifteen percent yield after being raised at nine, with no visible softening in Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) demand to explain it. Brett’s suspicion is that a leveraged fund is being liquidated rather than anything fundamental breaking. Plus Anthropic’s reported numbers, why growth decelerating to 340% may still be the most remarkable twelve months of business performance ever recorded, and the non-consensus case that the closed labs are pulling away rather than getting caught. Key Points From This Episode: Why Brett reads the Roadster unveil as potential merger marketing, and what a combined SpaceX Tesla could unlock for both shareholder basesWhy CoreWeave’s bonds are trading at 15% while GPU demand shows no sign of softeningWhy having the frontier model is what lets you build the cheap one, and why trading down to open weight may be the expensive choice If you know ARK, you know we focus on long-term innovation. But that doesn’t mean we ignore breaking news. Every day, we debate the latest developments in tech and markets. Now, we’re bringing those conversations to you in “The Brainstorm,” a co-production from ARK, WOLF, and Public. Tune in weekly for our quick takes on what’s shaping innovation right now. Learn more about WOLF: https://wolf.financial Learn more about Public: https://public.com/ Disclosure: http://arkinv.st/39rzF94

In this episode of The Brainstorm, Sam, Nick, and Brett open on OpenAI’s release of 722 mathematical proofs and the one subject conspicuously missing from it, cryptography. Brett argues the nearer term threat to crypto is AI rather than quantum computing, and that the danger sits not in the cryptographic primitives but in everything built around them, from self-custody hardware to the exchanges now holding enormous honeypots. He also suggests quantum-safe encryption may be the more vulnerable life raft, and that a scrambled bank ledger could be far more disruptive than stolen coins. Then SpaceX reportedly pays $8 billion for Nextel’s old spectrum and wins Federal Communications Commission (FCC) approval for 15,000 direct-to-cell satellites, turning a service that was going to clip a dollar off your phone bill into a bid for the entire bill. Plus why SpaceX collects far more per gigawatt of compute than the neoclouds can. Key Points From This Episode: Why AI, not quantum computing, may be the nearer term threat to crypto, and why quantum-safe encryption could be more vulnerable than assumedHow SpaceX plans to turn home Starlink dishes into cell towers, and why the cellular business likely depends on selling broadband firstWhy SpaceX collects $30 to $40 billion per gigawatt on short term compute deals while the neoclouds settle for far less If you know ARK, you know we focus on long-term innovation. But that doesn’t mean we ignore breaking news. Every day, we debate the latest developments in tech and markets. Now, we’re bringing those conversations to you in “The Brainstorm,” a co-production from ARK, WOLF, and Public. Tune in weekly for our quick takes on what’s shaping innovation right now. Learn more about WOLF: https://wolf.financial Learn more about Public: https://public.com/ Disclosure: http://arkinv.st/39rzF94

In this episode of The Brainstorm, Sam, Nick, and Brett work through OpenAI DevDay, where one of the most interesting announcements was the one that never shipped. Ultra Ultra Fast did not reach public availability because the inventory was reportedly sold out to Jane Street, which is paying something like $200 billion per gigawatt for it, several times what Anthropic pays to rent capacity from SpaceX AI. Brett argues speed is becoming its own axis of competition alongside intelligence, and that the pull of enterprise money keeps starving consumer agents of compute. Nick covers Robinhood’s Hood Summit, where retail traders got agentic accounts, paid data connectors, and backtesting, and asks whether that is democratization or lambs walking into a Goliath. Then Starship reaches orbit carrying commercial satellites, and the team sizes up a launch business that could add a billion dollars of annual revenue per flight. Key Points From This Episode: Why Jane Street is paying roughly $200 billion per gigawatt, and what speed as a competitive edge potentially does to AI pricingWhether Robinhood handing agentic trading to retail is democratization or fodder for high frequency tradersWhy full Starship reusability could take launch costs below $100 per kilogram, and what that could mean for revenue per launch If you know ARK, you know we focus on long-term innovation. But that doesn’t mean we ignore breaking news. Every day, we debate the latest developments in tech and markets. Now, we’re bringing those conversations to you in “The Brainstorm,” a co-production from ARK, WOLF, and Public. Tune in weekly for our quick takes on what’s shaping innovation right now. Learn more about WOLF: https://wolf.financial Learn more about Public: https://public.com/ Disclosure: http://arkinv.st/39rzF94

In this episode of FYI, Daniel Maguire and Tasha Keeney speak with J. Clay Sell, CEO of X-energy, about the company’s approach to reinventing nuclear power with advanced small modular reactors. Sell explains X-energy’s TRISO fuel and helium-cooled reactor design, why the company believes safety and repeatable construction can drive nuclear costs lower, and how regulatory reform is accelerating deployment. They also discuss X-energy’s partnership with Amazon, the role of AI in nuclear engineering and licensing, competition with China, supply-chain constraints, and Sell’s vision for making nuclear power abundant, affordable, and easy to buy. Key Points From This Episode: 00:00:00 Highlights and intro 00:02:58 Clay Sell's background and X-energy's goal of reinventing how nuclear is deployed 00:05:23 Why a pebble-bed, high-temperature gas-cooled design — and moving nuclear down the cost curve 00:10:09 TRISO fuel, helium coolant, and why a reactor that can't melt down needs fewer safety systems 00:16:44 Building a fuel business alongside the reactor business, and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) license for commercial fuel fabrication 00:20:01 Why Sell’s believes regulation is no longer the main constraint — construction execution is 00:24:00 Amazon's commitment to five gigawatts, and why X-energy is chasing nth-of-a-kind scale over being first 00:28:37 Earning community support and social license for plants and data centers 00:31:53 Applying AI to nuclear development with Amazon Web Services (AWS), NVIDIA, Idaho National Lab, and the Department of Energy (DOE)00:38:40 Competing with China on advanced reactors, supply-chain buildout, and nuclear as a routine option within a decade Editing and post-production work for this episode was provided by The Podcast Consultant (https://thepodcastconsultant.com)

In this episode of The Brainstorm, Sam, Nick, and Brett unpack Meta Connect, where Muse quietly replaced the metaverse as Zuckerberg’s vision for the company. Nick walks through the hardware spread, from audio-only Ray-Bans with no camera, to a 100 gram VR headset at $1,300 that outspecs the Vision Pro at a third of the price, to the Muse Charm, a Tamagotchi-style agent device shipping for the holidays. Brett argues the real target was never virtual reality (VR) but Apple, and that loosening the smartphone’s grip is worth more to Meta than any single device. Nick counters that the three things people actually do on their phones are untouched by any of it, and that Meta should just build a phone. Plus whether consumer agents arrived a graphical processing unit (GPU) generation too early, and why owning the consumer may be the best dollar Meta can spend and the one Wall Street would hate most. Key Points From This Episode: Why Meta’s $1,300 headset outspecs the Vision Pro, and why that may not matter if nobody wants VRHow agent devices erode Apple’s ecosystem lock-in without ever replacing the smartphoneWhy consumer agents may take five years to monetize, and which balance sheets can fund the gap If you know ARK, you know we focus on long-term innovation. But that doesn’t mean we ignore breaking news. Every day, we debate the latest developments in tech and markets. Now, we’re bringing those conversations to you in “The Brainstorm,” a co-production from ARK, WOLF, and Public. Tune in weekly for our quick takes on what’s shaping innovation right now. Learn more about WOLF: https://wolf.financial Learn more about Public: https://public.com/ Disclosure: http://arkinv.st/39rzF94

In this episode of The Brainstorm, Sam, Nick, and Brett dig into the opening shots of the AI shopping wars. Amazon blocked Meta’s Muse from crawling its site to protect a $70 billion advertising business, while Shopify did the opposite and opened Shop Pay and its agent-ready catalog to the same model. Nick argues Amazon is making a mistake and will have to reverse course the moment Walmart or Target defect and see the Gross Merchandise Value (GMV) lift. Brett makes the case that agents expand the market rather than divide it, pulling services, grocery, and home projects into e-commerce for the first time, and that Meta’s years of social commerce tooling on Instagram may be the most underrated head start in the whole fight. Plus ghost brands, proof of human, and why agents may develop brand taste of their own. Key Points From This Episode: Why Amazon has a $70 billion reason to block agents, and why a 5% agent take rate may be the compromiseHow agents could push US e-commerce past 30% of retail by pulling services and expertise into the cartWhy Meta’s social commerce tooling on Instagram is potentially an underrated head start in agentic shopping If you know ARK, you know we focus on long-term innovation. But that doesn’t mean we ignore breaking news. Every day, we debate the latest developments in tech and markets. Now, we’re bringing those conversations to you in “The Brainstorm,” a co-production from ARK, WOLF, and Public. Tune in weekly for our quick takes on what’s shaping innovation right now. Learn more about WOLF: https://wolf.financial Learn more about Public: https://public.com/ Disclosure: http://arkinv.st/39rzF94

In this episode of Bitcoin Brainstorm, Rod Roudi, Cathie Wood, and Lorenzo Valente are joined by Rob Hamilton, Seth For Privacy, and Dhruv Bansal to discuss how rapidly advancing AI models are changing cybersecurity and Bitcoin security. The group examines the Coldcard vulnerability, the growing capabilities of open-weight models, and the resulting shift in the balance between attackers and defenders. They discuss AI-powered code auditing, self-custody and hardware wallet risks, the importance of domain expertise, and how teams can build continuous security systems around their software. The conversation also explores quantum computing threats, Bitcoin’s resilience, and why AI could ultimately strengthen software security. Guests on this month’s Bitcoin Brainstorm include: Cathie Wood: Founder, CEO and CIO, ARK Invest Lorenzo Valente: Director of Research, Digital Assets, ARK InvestRod Roudi: Founder, Bitcoin ParkRob Hamilton: Co-Founder And CEO, AnchorWatchDhruv Bansal: Co-Founder And CSO, UnchainedSeth For Privacy: COO, Cake Wallet And Radar Key Points From This Episode: How falling inference costs, rapid model advancement, and open-weight models have unlocked a new level of capability in software vulnerability research.The Coldcard weak-entropy vulnerability, and why we believe it represented a software and vendor problem rather than a failure of the Bitcoin protocol.The trade-offs between self-custody, third-party custodians, ETFs, hardware wallets, and multi-vendor multisig—and why security demands ongoing vigilance rather than a "set it and forget it" approach.Why we expect AI to benefit defenders more than attackers, from continuous repository scanning and faster audits to preparing Bitcoin for potential quantum computing threats. Learn more about Bitcoin Park: bitcoinpark.com Editing and post-production work for this episode was provided by The Podcast Consultant (https://thepodcastconsultant.com) For more updates, follow us on: X: https://arkinv.st/3corDiY LinkedIn: http://arkinv.st/1f7AiVX Facebook: http://arkinv.st/3r4EDOU Instagram: http://arkinv.st/39td8bO Disclosure: http://arkinv.st/39rzF94f

In this episode of The Brainstorm, Sam, Nick, and Brett dig into Dario Amodei’s open letter calling on frontier labs to pace themselves, a position Elon Musk and Sam Altman both signaled agreement with. Brett argues the real risk is not extinction but agentic swarms mangling digital infrastructure that was never hardened for them, and that slowing the public frontier may hand closed labs both a wider lead and a defense business to sell. Nick pushes back on the competitive motives behind a federal AI regulator. Then Nick reports back from six days inside Meta’s Muse, the agentic consumer app that found him over $1,000 in unclaimed money sitting in Michigan. Key Points From This Episode: Why frontier labs want to pace the public frontier, and what that does to 99.99% cost declinesWhether an AI regulatory regime protects the public or locks in the incumbentsHow Meta’s Muse is built for the consumer, not the prosumer, and why commerce take rates beat subscriptions If you know ARK, you know we focus on long-term innovation. But that doesn’t mean we ignore breaking news. Every day, we debate the latest developments in tech and markets. Now, we’re bringing those conversations to you in “The Brainstorm,” a co-production from ARK, WOLF, and Public. Tune in weekly for our quick takes on what’s shaping innovation right now. Learn more about WOLF: https://wolf.financial Learn more about Public: https://public.com/ Disclosure: http://arkinv.st/39rzF94

In this episode of The Brainstorm, Sam and Brett unpack Tesla’s Cybercab launch, a two-seat vehicle with no steering wheel and no pedals that Brett believes can operate at roughly 25 cents a mile, a level at which Waymo may not be able to stay gross profitable. They settle the debate over why Tesla would sell Cybercabs at all instead of owning the fleet outright, and what a 4.5x jump in robotaxi app users on the back of a deliberately low key event says about demand at half the price of an Uber. Then the team turns to OpenAI’s Astra, the model release behind a solution to Navier-Stokes, and why Brett thinks the closed frontier labs eating their own caviar are pulling away from open weight models rather than converging with them. Plus Apple’s folding iPhone Duo, which neither host is buying, and why they believe the Apple Watch is the more interesting announcement. Key Points From This Episode: Why the Cybercab could run at 25 cents a mile, and what that price does to Waymo’s economicsWhy Tesla is selling Cybercabs to third party owners instead of keeping every mile for itselfWhy we believe closed frontier models are pulling away from open weight models, and why Apple’s walled garden becomes a liability in an agent driven world If you know ARK, you know we focus on long-term innovation. But that doesn’t mean we ignore breaking news. Every day, we debate the latest developments in tech and markets. Now, we’re bringing those conversations to you in “The Brainstorm,” a co-production from ARK, WOLF, and Public. Tune in weekly for our quick takes on what’s shaping innovation right now. Learn more about WOLF: https://wolf.financial Learn more about Public: https://public.com/ Disclosure: http://arkinv.st/39rzF94

Gautam Narang built India’s first customized humanoid robot as a teenager — then walked away from humanoids because they were nowhere near commercial. Today his company, Gatik, runs fully driverless trucks 24/7 across Texas, Arkansas, and Arizona for PepsiCo, Kroger, and Loblaw: dock to dock, no safety driver, no observer, no required remote monitoring. He tells Tasha Keeney and Daniel Maguire why Gatik took the contrarian bet on the middle mile while the rest of the industry chased long haul, how a $200,000-per-truck take-or-pay contract moves utilization risk off Gatik’s books, and why he believes autonomous trucking has moved from a technology challenge to an execution story. Key Points From This Episode: 00:00:00 Meet Gautam Narang, CEO and Co-founder of Gatik00:05:49 The contrarian bet: why Gatik started with the middle mile00:08:12 Dock to dock, and the interface problem nobody talks about00:12:56 $200,000 per truck, take-or-pay: the business model explained00:18:15 Inside the PepsiCo partnership: Frito, beverage, and dynamic routing00:20:48 From 10-mile routes to 400-mile routes00:32:12 A $300B market, and why the tech is platform agnostic00:36:58 The $200M Series D and putting strategic partners on the capitalization table00:39:17 Why ARK doubled down: what we believe the proof actually looks like00:46:07 The 3x utilization assumption underpinning everyone else’s margins00:48:25 Isuzu, NVIDIA, South Carolina, and 50,000 units a year by 2030 Editing and post-production work for this episode was provided by The Podcast Consultant (https://thepodcastconsultant.com)

In this episode of The Brainstorm, Sam and Brett unpack SpaceX’s $100 billion Louisiana buildout, one of the largest infrastructure projects in history, and why the returns on Starlink, AI satellites, and terrestrial data centers could pull capital away from everything else. Brett makes the case for an “AI riptide”: if AI infrastructure underwrites a $30 trillion knowledge work opportunity, borrowing costs rise for everyone outside the value chain, and otherwise healthy businesses get caught offsides. Then the team turns to Figure AI’s Index, a bid to solve robotics’ data problem by paying people to wear a camera while they do their own chores. Key Points From This Episode: Why SpaceX chose Louisiana, and how a $100B project stacks up against the interstate highway systemHow the “AI riptide” could break business models that have nothing to do with AIWhy we believe Figure AI’s Index is smart strategy, and why generalizable humanoid robots are still a decade out IRR stands for Internal Rate of Return, which is a financial metric used to estimate the profitability of potential investments. Return on Invested Capital (ROIC) is a financial metric that measures how efficiently a company uses its money to generate profits. If you know ARK, you know we focus on long-term innovation. But that doesn’t mean we ignore breaking news. Every day, we debate the latest developments in tech and markets. Now, we’re bringing those conversations to you in “The Brainstorm,” a co-production from ARK, WOLF, and Public. Tune in weekly for our quick takes on what’s shaping innovation right now. Learn more about WOLF: https://wolf.financial Learn more about Public: https://public.com/ Disclosure: http://arkinv.st/39rzF94

In this episode of The Brainstorm, Sam, Nick, and Brett break down Merck and Moderna’s positive Phase 3 results for a personalized mRNA cancer vaccine, a treatment custom-built from each patient’s own tumor that cut mortality from advanced melanoma by roughly 50% versus the standard of care. The team digs into cost, manufacturing scale, and why the capital poured into mRNA during COVID may be paying off in oncology. Then Brett reports back from a weekend with Grok Bot, which recovered $75 of his wife’s forgotten escrow money on its first task, and the team debates why multiplayer agents could be the real threat to Microsoft’s enterprise moat. Key Points From This Episode: How a custom mRNA vaccine trains the immune system against a patient’s own tumor, and what Phase 3 melanoma results could mean for other cancersWhy $200K–$300K per treatment limits early use, and what we believe has to change for personalized oncology to scaleWhy agents that live inside team chat, not one-on-one, may be the real disruption to Microsoft and Slack If you know ARK, you know we focus on long-term innovation. But that doesn’t mean we ignore breaking news. Every day, we debate the latest developments in tech and markets. Now, we’re bringing those conversations to you in “The Brainstorm,” a co-production from ARK, WOLF, and Public. Tune in weekly for our quick takes on what’s shaping innovation right now. Learn more about WOLF: https://wolf.financial Learn more about Public: https://public.com/ Disclosure: http://arkinv.st/39rzF94

In this episode of The Brainstorm, Sam and Frank dig into the rumors of a multi-trillion-dollar Anthropic initial public offering (IPO). A company that started the year at $9 billion in run rate revenue may now be approaching $70 billion, adding more than a whole Salesforce in revenue in less than a year. The team walks through what a $2 trillion valuation would actually imply, why that multiple could land below public AI winners like Palantir and Cloudflare, and what the S1 might reveal about profitability. Then the conversation turns to the Pareto Frontier, where 14 of the 16 most cost-efficient models are proprietary, Google has none, and SpaceX AI has clawed its way back with Grok 4.6 and Grokbot. Key Points From This Episode: Why Anthropic’s reported run rate makes a $2 trillion IPO look cheapWhat the S1 could reveal about profitability, and why the token subsidy bear case may not holdHow the Pareto Frontier reshuffles the model race, and why Google is currently off it Total Addressable Market (TAM) refers to the total money or customers you could get if 100% of people buy your product or service. Venture Capital (VC) refers to a type of funding where investors give money to new or small businesses in exchange for a share of ownership. If you know ARK, you know we focus on long-term innovation. But that doesn’t mean we ignore breaking news. Every day, we debate the latest developments in tech and markets. Now, we’re bringing those conversations to you in “The Brainstorm,” a co-production from ARK, WOLF, and Public. Tune in weekly for our quick takes on what’s shaping innovation right now. Learn more about WOLF: https://wolf.financial Learn more about Public: https://public.com/ Disclosure: http://arkinv.st/39rzF94

In this episode of The Brainstorm, Sam, Nick, and Brett break down what may be a watershed moment for AI: OpenAI’s agents devised their own secret communication scheme, hacked out of their training sandbox, and attacked Hugging Face in search of test answers. The team debates what swarms of autonomous agents mean for cybersecurity, why the coming wave of open-source attackers could drive more spending into frontier labs, and whether “alignment” is even a coherent concept. Then, Zuckerberg’s latest essay on personal AI assistants raises a bigger question: if billions of consumers get their own agents, compute supply could be constrained for a decade. Key Points From This Episode: How OpenAI’s agents escaped their sandbox, and why every internet-facing system may soon face waves of AI attackersWhy open-source “mercenary” models could push more spending, not less, toward frontier labs like OpenAI and AnthropicWhat Zuckerberg’s vision for personal AI assistants could mean for a decade-long compute crunch If you know ARK, you know we focus on long-term innovation. But that doesn’t mean we ignore breaking news. Every day, we debate the latest developments in tech and markets. Now, we’re bringing those conversations to you in “The Brainstorm,” a co-production from ARK, WOLF, and Public. Tune in weekly for our quick takes on what’s shaping innovation right now. Learn more about WOLF: https://wolf.financial Learn more about Public: https://public.com/ Disclosure: http://arkinv.st/39rzF94

In this episode of The Brainstorm, Sam and Nick and Brett discuss whether Tesla’s Shanghai factory could derail a rumored Tesla-SpaceX merger, and why both expect an announcement before the end of the year. Then, the team turns to AI economics: a benchmark that no model could crack at any price in January can now be beaten for 15 cents per task. With costs collapsing 99.99% on an annualized basis, the debate shifts to who actually wins, frontier labs, open source challengers, or the companies building AI hardware. Key Points From This Episode: Why Tesla China complicates, but may not kill, a potential SpaceX-Tesla mergerHow 99.99% annualized AI cost declines are resetting the model raceWhether frontier labs, open source, or AI hardware locks in the next winners If you know ARK, you know we focus on long-term innovation. But that doesn’t mean we ignore breaking news. Every day, we debate the latest developments in tech and markets. Now, we’re bringing those conversations to you in “The Brainstorm,” a co-production from ARK, WOLF, and Public. Tune in weekly for our quick takes on what’s shaping innovation right now. Learn more about WOLF: https://wolf.financial Learn more about Public: https://public.com/ Disclosure: http://arkinv.st/39rzF94