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APES vs Saving the Rainforest rev1

In this Episode, Julianna Babcock and Caroline Mohler discuss the lesser-known environmental issue of bird endangerment. Why are the populations declining? How does it affect the environment? This podcast was reviewed by Jessie Howington Disclaimer: We are high school students who are making this podcast for a project. We are not actual experts or researchers on the subject. Thaxter, C. B., Buchanan, G. M., Carr, J., Butchart, S. H., Newbold, T., Green, R. E., ... & Pearce-Higgins, J. W. (2017). Bird and bat species' global vulnerability to collision mortality at wind farms revealed through a trait-based assessment. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 284(1862), 20170829. Pearce‐Higgins, J. W., Stephen, L., Langston, R. H., Bainbridge, I. P., & Bullman, R. (2009). The distribution of breeding birds around upland wind farms. Journal of Applied ecology, 46(6), 1323-1331. Dauphiné, N. I. C. O., & Cooper, R. J. (2009, October). Impacts of free-ranging domestic cats (Felis catus) on birds in the United States (Vol. 205). Loss, S. R. (2013, December 12). The impact of free-ranging domestic cats on wildlife of the United States. Nature Communications. https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms2380?error=cookies_not_supported&code=640c40cd-1daf-4fb1-893d-855274574a19#:%7E:text=Free%2Dranging%20domestic%20cats%20have,multiple%20wildlife%20extinctions%20on%20islands.&text=We%20estimate%20that%20free%2Dranging,the%20majority%20of%20this%20mortality. Marra, P. P., & Santella, C. (2017). Cat Wars. Princeton University Press. https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691167411/cat-wars Strycker, N. (2021, May 3). To save birds, should we kill off cats? Animals. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/essay-to-save-birds-should-we-kill-off-cats Hallmann, C. A. (2014, July 9). Pesticides linked to bird declines. Nature. https://www.nature.com/articles/nature13531?error=cookies_not_supported&code=84a4c853-5af4-4120-bd8c-a3a7129a314a State of The Birds. (2009). Birds as Environmental Indicators. Bird Friendly Iowa. https://birdfriendlyiowa.org/Pages/BirdFriendlyIowa.aspx?pg=6#:%7E:text=A%20decline%20in%20bird%20numbers,species%2C%20and%20many%20other%20impacts.&text=Birds%20provide%20insect%20and%20rodent,in%20tangible%20benefits%20to%20people

We take a look at what proof of work is and explore some statistics on the energy used in cryptocurrency mining.  Written by Beckett Shulman. Sources: Nakamoto, S. (2009). Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system Digiconomist. (2021). Bitcoin Energy Consumption. Retrieved from https://digiconomist.net/bitcoin-energy-consumption BP Statistical review of world energy (2020) published online at http://ourworldindata.org/ retrieved from ‘https://ourworldindata.org/electricity-mix’ Blandin, A., Dr. Pieters, G., Wu, Y., Eisermann, T., Dek, A., Taylor, S., & Njoki, D. (2020). 3RD GLOBAL CRYPTOASSET BENCHMARKING STUDY. Retrieved from: https://www.jbs.cam.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/2021-ccaf-3rd-global-cryptoasset-benchmarking-study.pdf

Join show host Ashwath Arun with special guest Jackson Lyman to discuss crypto currency, mining it, and the effects mining has on the environment. 

In this episode, Emily Ford discusses the issue of marine microplastic pollution. Some topics covered include the negative effects of microplastics on the environment, scientific research on cleaning technologies, and a discussion of what individuals and nations can do to prevent further pollution. Disclaimer: This podcast was created by a high school student playing the role of a researcher. References: Shim, W. J., & Thomposon, R. C. (2015). Microplastics in the ocean. Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology, 69(3), 265-268. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-015-0216-x Mato, Y., Isobe, T., Takada, H., Kanehiro, H., Ohtake, C., & Kaminuma, T. (2001). Plastic resin pellets as a transport medium for toxic chemicals in the marine environment. Environmental science & technology, 35(2), 318–324. https://doi.org/10.1021/es0010498 Arossa, S., Martin, C., Rossbach, S., & Duarte, C. (2019). Microplastic removal by Red Sea giant clam (Tridacna maxima). Environmental Pollution, 252, 1257–1266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.05.149 Liu, S., Leung, M., Fang, J., & Chua, S. (2021). Engineering a microbial ‘trap and release’ mechanism for microplastics removal. Chemical Engineering Journal, 404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.127079 Henderson, L., & Green, C. (2020). Making sense of microplastics? Public understandings of plastic pollution. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 152, 110908. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.110908 Xanthos, D., & Walker, T. (2017). International policies to reduce plastic marine pollution from single-use plastics (plastic bags and microbeads): A review. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 118(1–2), 17–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.02.048 Environmental Protection Agency. (2021, April 29). Chemicals and Toxics Topics. https://www.epa.gov/environmental-topics/chemicals-and-toxics-topics

This episode of APES vs discusses what humanity can gain from helping protect the valuable rainforest ecosystems on our planet

Who was Fritz Haber? What did he create? Is he the good guy?  This episode was hosted, written, and researched by Abigail Wesson, Bella Strickland, and Emmaline Rhodes. It was reviewed by Jessie Howington. References can be found at: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Qar67z_DI9vUWc4i21lTdVUgZATDawY2kREiqoDs9sE/edit?usp=sharing

We focus on the issues of overpopulation and the consequences that it brings within our enviroment.

Below is a link to the script and citations for all sources used to research information and film this podcast. Enjoy this episode! https://docs.google.com/document/d/1FyVvk-tuu4iEOFsXtuOGBUFr1VAQ9JDGuNoq8sbkhb0/edit?usp=sharing

Disclaimer: We are students creating this podcast for a project, our experts are also fellow students helping us out. Sources AR5 Synthesis Report: Climate Change 2014 — IPCC. (2014). Retrieved May 28, 2021, from Ipcc.ch website: https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/syr/ Causes of Global Warming | WWF-Australia. (2018). Retrieved May 28, 2021, from Wwf.org.au website: https://www.wwf.org.au/what-we-do/climate/causes-of-global-warming#gs.1zhbdq   Climate change dilemma driven by urbanisation. (2016, December 29). Retrieved May 28, 2021, from The ASEAN Post website: https://theaseanpost.com/article/climate-change-dilemma-driven-urbanisation#:~:text=How%20urbanisation%20leads%20to%20climate,is%20damaging%20to%20the%20environment.&text=An%20increase%20in%20the%20use,climate%20change%2C%22%20said%20Lee  https://www.facebook.com/TFIE2. (2018, October 20). Cities & Global Warming Have A Complex Relationship. Retrieved May 19, 2021, from CleanTechnica website: https://cleantechnica.com/2018/10/20/cities-global-warming-have-a-complex-relationship/ The Impact of Urbanization | Flash Parking. (2019, October 31). Retrieved May 28, 2021, from Flash Parking website: https://www.flashparking.com/blog/the-impact-of-urbanization/#:~:text=Causes%20of%20urbanization%20include%3A,is%20another%20factor%20of%20urbanization.&text=Modernization%3A%20New%20technology%20upgrades%20the%20infrastructure%20of%20urban%20areas Urbanization: An Environmental Force to Be Reckoned With. (2020). Retrieved May 28, 2021, from PRB website: https://www.prb.org/resources/urbanization-an-environmental-force-to-be-reckoned-with/

A discussion of bees. Why are populations declining? Can we replace them? What will happen if they go extinct? Sources: Chechetka, S., Yu, Y., Tange, M., & Miyako, E. (2017, February 9). Materially Engineered Artificial Pollinators. Chem. www.cell.com/chem/fulltext/S2451-9294(17)30032-3#%20. (n.d.). How do you measure hunger? Feeding America. Retrieved May 26, 2021, from www.feedingamerica.org/hunger-in-america/food-insecurity. Hung, K.-L., Kingston, J., Albrecht, M., Holway, D., & Kohn, J. (2018, January 10). The worldwide importance of honey bees as pollinators in natural habitats. PMC. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5784195/. Johnson, R. (2010, January 7). Honey Bee Colony Collapse Disorder. Congressional Research Service. https://cursa.ihmc.us/rid=1JJM69DXL-27XB9CC-12CF/bees.pdf. Potts, S, et al. (2018, November 15). Robotic bees for crop pollination: Why drones cannot replace biodiversity. Science Direct. www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969718321909. van der Sluijs, J.P., Vaage, N.S. Pollinators and Global Food Security: the Need for Holistic Global Stewardship. Food ethics, (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41055-016-0003-z. vanEngelsdorp, D, et al. (2009, August 3). Colony Collapse Disorder: A Descriptive Study. Plos One. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0006481.

In 1986 the Chernobyl Power plant in modern-day Ukraine exploded, resulting in 31 deaths and all local populations being evacuated. In this episode, we discuss how this happened and the effects this incident had on the surrounding human and animal populations. Find the transcript for this episode here: https://docs.google.com/document/d/108zauqr05I02wTG9CJ1MlUWHPK4JIPSE2hjRwV3Ntxk/edit?usp=sharing