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The Curbsiders Internal Medicine Podcast: Read the notes at at podcastnotes.org. Don't forget to subscribe for free to our newsletter, the top 10 ideas of the week, every Monday --------- Cardiovascular disease caused by hyperlipidemia is the leading cause of death worldwide, but it doesn’t have to be! We have the tools to treat this widespread problem. Dr. Daniel Edmundowicz (Temple University) takes us through how to keep lipids where they should be, low.  Claim CME for this episode at curbsiders.vcuhealth.org! Patreon | Episodes | Subscribe | Spotify | YouTube | Newsletter | Contact | Swag! | CME Show Segments Intro Case Topic Rapid fire questions/Picks of the Week Outro Credits Written and Produced by: Deborah Gorth MD, PhD Infographic and Cover Art by: Deborah Gorth MD, PhD and Meryl Gorth RD, MPH Hosts: Matthew Watto MD, FACP; Paul Williams MD, FACP    Reviewer: Emi Okamoto MD Showrunners: Matthew Watto MD, FACP; Paul Williams MD, FACP Technical Production: PodPaste Guest: Daniel Edmundowicz MD, MBA, FACP, FACC DisclosuresDr. Edmundwicz reports no relevant financial disclosures. The Curbsiders report no relevant financial disclosures.  Sponsor: Babbel Go to Babbel.com/CURB for up to 60% off.   Sponsor: Mint Mobile  Get premium wireless plan for just $15/month at mintmobile.com/CURB.  Sponsor: Locumstory Locumstory.com is literally just a free, unbiased resource dedicated to educating physicians about locums  Sponsor: FIGS Get 15% off your first order at wearfigs.com with the code FIGSRX.

Knowledge Project: Read the notes at at podcastnotes.org. Don't forget to subscribe for free to our newsletter, the top 10 ideas of the week, every Monday --------- Bill Ackman is the founder and CEO of Pershing Square Capital Management, one of the most closely watched investment firms in the world. In this conversation, he breaks down how he tells the difference between real innovation from hype, what he looks for before making a billion-dollar investment, and why he sold Netflix—and later bought it back. He also shares the mistakes that reshaped his investment process and his plan to build a modern-day Berkshire Hathaway. Bill also opens up about something far more personal: his daughter Lucy’s sudden brain hemorrhage, the hours before surgery, and her ongoing recovery. He describes running his business from a hospital room and the institute he and his wife are building to help other families facing similar challenges. Enjoy! ----- Chapters: (00:00) Intro (00:53) The Night His Daughter Nearly Died (08:49) His Plan to Rethink Brain Recovery (16:15) Could Her Ring Have Raised the Alarm? (17:07) How He Holds It Together (23:17) How Bubbles Pull You In (23:49) Is Venture in a Bubble? (25:23) When Easy Money Runs Out (28:05) He Hated the Idea. He Invested. (30:05) Who Actually Profits From AI? (35:53) The Rules He Carved in Stone (39:15) The Trade He Won't Make Again (42:02) Why He Consults "Dr. Claude" (46:14) Waiting for a Cheaper Market? (48:20) Netflix: Why He Changed His Mind (51:36) Howard Hughes and The Assets Nobody Wanted (53:22) What If You Owned a City? (01:00:02) Berkshire's Most Overlooked Advantage (01:04:36) From Watch Buyer to Company Owner (01:09:42) How He Judges CEOs in an Hour (01:14:19) What's Left to Achieve at 60? ----- Follow Bill Ackman: X: ⁠https://x.com/BillAckman⁠ ----- Newsletter: The Brain Food newsletter delivers actionable insights and thoughtful ideas every Sunday. It takes 5 minutes to read, and it’s completely free. Learn more and sign up at ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠fs.blog/newsletter⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ------ Follow Shane Parrish: X: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://x.com/shaneparrish⁠⁠ Insta: ⁠⁠https://www.instagram.com/farnamstreet/⁠⁠ LinkedIn: ⁠⁠https://www.linkedin.com/in/shane-parrish-050a2183/⁠⁠ ----- Thank you to the sponsors for this episode: +Applovin: Launch your first AppLovin campaign and grow your business: ⁠https://applovin.com/shane⁠ +HeyGen is a message-first AI video platform that helps people and AI agents turn ideas into professional video in minutes. Try for free at ⁠https://www.heygen.com/tkp⁠ +Matic: the robot vacuum that does it all—grab yourself a year of free bags here. ⁠http://maticrobots.com/shaneparrish⁠ +LMNT: My go-to zero sugar electrolytes — get a free LMNT Sample Pack here: ⁠https://DrinkLMNT.com/TKP⁠ ----- + Members get the longer, extended version of this conversation, with additional content not included in the public release.Learn more: ⁠https://fs.blog/membership/⁠ ----- Note: ‍Shane and guests may hold positions in assets discussed in this episode. This podcast is not investment advice, and is intended for informational and entertainment purposes only. Nothing in this conversation should be considered investment advice, financial guidance, or a recommendation to buy or sell any security. Always do your own due diligence or consult with a qualified financial advisor before making investment decisions. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Diary Of A CEO with Steven Bartlett: Read the notes at at podcastnotes.org. Don't forget to subscribe for free to our newsletter, the top 10 ideas of the week, every Monday --------- Discover the spiritual and psychological creative process that legendary producer Rick Rubin uses to help the world's biggest artists transcend and achieve greatness. Rick Rubin is the co-founder of Def Jam Recordings, and the author of the philosophical bestseller The Creative Act: A Way of Being. Having collaborated with icons like Jay-Z, Johnny Cash, Adele, Tom Petty, and Kanye West, Rubin does not rely on commercial metrics or audience testing to guide his workflow. He shares practical strategies for dismantling the prisons of identity, harnessing the power of "indefensible" ideas, and cultivating a state of pure creative freedom. In this episode, he explains: ■ The "Indefensible" Act: Why the greatest artistic breakthroughs defy logic and market research. ■ The Vacuum Strategy: How walking away from obligations that no longer serve you creates an energetic void, allowing the universe to present massive unexpected opportunities. ■ The Audience Trap: Why focusing on commercial incentives and audience expectations completely undermines the creative process. ■ Deconstructing the Greats: The psychological traits that separate good musicians from generational icons. ■ The Trauma of Success: Rubin opens up about his crippling depressive episode at age 33 after a corporate restructuring at Def Jam. Chapters 00:00:00 Intro 00:02:38 Rick Rubin’s "Indefensible" Rule 00:05:24 How a Meme Became Rick Rubin's "The Way of Code" 00:10:34 Why Risk Beats "More of the Same" 00:16:43 How Jay-Z's 99 Problems Was Made 00:20:47 Transcendental Meditation & Finding What You Love 00:29:00 Is Creativity Innate? 00:33:51 Stop Comparing Yourself 00:35:47 The "Lazy Workaholic" & Avoiding Deadlines 00:38:23 The 4 Phases of Creativity 00:41:04 Should You Quit Your Job to Chase Your Dream? 00:48:15 How Rick Rubin Knows an Artist Will Be Great 00:54:15 Feeling Boxed In? The “Reset Button" for Your Life 00:57:50 Ads 00:59:47 Your Identity Is the Trap: How to Start Over 01:07:39 My Depressive Episode at 33 and What It Taught Me 01:17:11 How to Be More Original 01:27:52 Is AI Dangerous? 01:29:24 Can AI Be Creative? 01:35:09 What Makes a Great Artist in the AI Era? 01:40:27 Studio Miracles 01:46:45 When the World Rejects Your Work 01:54:24 The Ace of Spades Story: Why Jay-Z Walked Away From Cristal 02:01:00 Ads 02:02:24 What If Your Art Isn't Good? 02:07:03 What Made Jay-Z Different: Inside His Writing Process 02:17:35 What Makes Kanye Brilliant + Were Great Artists Born Great? 02:22:51 The Artists Who Changed Rick Rubin 02:31:50 Why Rick Rubin Made the Jay-Z Documentary 02:42:18 Who Would You Thank? Follow Rick Rubin: Instagram - https://link.thediaryofaceo.com/2PaPSZI X - https://link.thediaryofaceo.com/88EVXdF YouTube - https://link.thediaryofaceo.com/HGY2CrI The Way of Code - https://link.thediaryofaceo.com/CTcdN7D Tetragrammaton - https://link.thediaryofaceo.com/vdp2of The Diary Of A CEO: ◼ Join DOAC circle here - https://doaccircle.com/ ◼ Buy The Diary Of A CEO book here - https://link.thediaryofaceo.com/BWjLTZK ◼ Shop The Diary Of A CEO collection: https://thediary.com/collections/shop ◼ Get email updates - https://link.thediaryofaceo.com/5IB1H6E ◼ Follow Steven - https://link.thediaryofaceo.com/AGU9QP4 Sponsors: Ketone - https://ketone.com/STEVEN for 30% off your subscription order Fiverr - https://fiverr.com/diary and get 10% off your first order when you use code DIARY

Modern Wisdom: Read the notes at at podcastnotes.org. Don't forget to subscribe for free to our newsletter, the top 10 ideas of the week, every Monday --------- Tony Robbins is a life and business coach, entrepreneur and #1 New York Times Bestselling author. Christopher Zook is an investor, founder and chairman. How do you protect and grow your money when the markets feel so unpredictable? Tony Robbins has written extensively about money and investing, and he’s back with practical advice for everyday investors. So which strategies hold up in turbulent times, what costly mistakes should you avoid, and how can you make smarter decisions today to build a more secure financial future? Expect to learn the new strategies of investing from some of the nation's most successful funds, what Tony’s new philosophy and formula on investing is, which investing advice people still repeat today that is completely outdated, how normal people can get investing access to some of the world's fastest-growing companies, if we are in a genuine market bubble and much more… Sponsors: See discounts for all the products I use and recommend: ⁠https://chriswillx.com/deals⁠ Get 160+ lab tests for just $365 and save an extra $25 at https://functionhealth.com/modernwisdom Get a free bottle of D3K2, an AG1 Welcome Kit, and more when you first subscribe at https://ag1.info/modernwisdom Get 35% off your first subscription on the best supplements from Momentous at https://livemomentous.com/modernwisdom Get a Free Sample Pack of LMNT’s most popular flavours with your first purchase at https://drinklmnt.com/modernwisdom Get ChatGPT to explore ideas, solve problems, and learn faster at ⁠https://chatgpt.com Timestamps: (00:00) Tony’s Rules for Building Wealth (11:07) Is the S&P 500 Still a Smart Investment? (15:08) What Does Real Diversification Look Like? (20:03) The Investment Opportunities Everyone Overlooks (32:33) Which Investments Are Riskier Than They Seem? (36:09) Why Risk-Averse Investors Need More Diversification (41:22) How a Scarcity Mindset Shapes Your Investments (46:10) Can an Abundance Mindset Make You Reckless? (51:22) Why Everyone Needs a Dream Bucket (01:01:21) How Should Smart Investors Spend Their Money? (01:07:48) What Does the Future of AI Look Like? (01:22:13) How to Make Better Decisions (01:29:06) Where to Find Tony Extra Stuff: See me live in the UK & Ireland this October: ⁠https://chriswilliamson.live Get my free reading list of 100 books to read before you die: ⁠https://chriswillx.com/books⁠ Try my productivity energy drink Neutonic: ⁠https://neutonic.com/modernwisdom⁠ Episodes You Might Enjoy: #577 - David Goggins - This Is How To Master Your Life: ⁠lnkfi.re/SN-Goggins⁠ #712 - Dr Jordan Peterson - How To Destroy Your Negative Beliefs: ⁠lnkfi.re/SN-Peterson⁠ #700 - Dr Andrew Huberman - The Secret Tools To Hack Your Brain: ⁠lnkfi.re/SN-Huberman⁠ - Get In Touch: Instagram: ⁠https://www.instagram.com/chriswillx⁠ Twitter: ⁠https://www.twitter.com/chriswillx⁠ YouTube: ⁠https://www.youtube.com/modernwisdompodcast⁠ Email: ⁠https://chriswillx.com/contact⁠ - Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Dan Carlin's Hardcore History: Read the notes at at podcastnotes.org. Don't forget to subscribe for free to our newsletter, the top 10 ideas of the week, every Monday --------- Attacking the largest empire the world had ever seen is a huge endeavor at any age, but try doing it at 21. Alexander, fusing the qualities of a Napoleon with a gladiator, aims for immortality. The Persians are just in his way.

Art of Manliness: Read the notes at at podcastnotes.org. Don't forget to subscribe for free to our newsletter, the top 10 ideas of the week, every Monday --------- We all have things we’ve always wanted to know how to do, but have never gotten around to learning. Speak a foreign language. Play an instrument. Write a book. Take up surfing. Maybe you’ve even started one of these pursuits a few times, only to drop it after a couple of weeks. My guest calls this collection of abandoned or deferred desires your “invisible list” and is the author of a book of the same name. Today on the show, Ravi Gupta presents a plan for tackling the things on your invisible list by picking one hobby-like activity each year and working your way to an intermediate level in it. He explains the different categories these pursuits can fall into, from the liftoff project to the mental marathon to the skillbatical, and how to pick the right one for your season of life. We also discuss how camps for grownups can make skill acquisition more enjoyable, why you should consider taking up an adult-appropriate sport like tennis, why Ravi decided to take the MCAT even though he doesn't plan to become a doctor, and how working on your invisible list can give your life chapters and, over the course of a decade, turn you into a Renaissance-man badass. After the show is over, check out the show notes at aom.is/invisiblelist 0:00 — Introduction 1:45 — What is the Invisible List? 4:38 — Examples & Bucket List Comparison 8:46 — Why a Year Creates Life Chapters 11:10 — Making Time: Family & Constraints 15:44 — Five Rules of the Invisible List 18:39 — Why Aim for Intermediate? 21:19 — The Five Archetypes 26:50 — Liftoff Year: Powerlifting & Journaling 37:30 — Skill-Batical: Surfing & Adult Camps 43:17 — Age-Appropriate Sports: Tennis 45:46 — Mental Marathon: Taking the MCAT See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Founders: Read the notes at at podcastnotes.org. Don't forget to subscribe for free to our newsletter, the top 10 ideas of the week, every Monday --------- What I learned from reading Bloomberg by Michael Bloomberg. Made possible by: Ramp: ⁠⁠⁠https://ramp.com⁠⁠⁠ AppLovin: ⁠⁠⁠https://www.applovin.com⁠ Vanta: ⁠⁠⁠https://vanta.com/founders⁠ Sage: ⁠https://founderspodcast.com/sage

Modern Wisdom: Read the notes at at podcastnotes.org. Don't forget to subscribe for free to our newsletter, the top 10 ideas of the week, every Monday --------- In this Biohacking Roundtable, we explore: What the best peptides for health & muscle building are. The latest biohacking tech that is real but sounds like science fiction. Which longevity supplements offer the most bang for your buck & are worth your time. The best diet and foods to eat to maximise longevity. and much more… Guests: Dr Gabrielle Lyon is a functional medicine physician and Founder of the Institute of Muscle-Centric Medicine. Ben Greenfield is a biohacker, coach, author, speaker, and Ironman Triathlete. Brigham Buhler is a healthcare entrepreneur, founder and CEO of Ways2Well, and co-founder of ReviveRx Pharmacy. Sponsors: See discounts for all the products I use and recommend: ⁠https://chriswillx.com/deals⁠ Get 160+ lab tests for just $365 and save an extra $25 at https://functionhealth.com/modernwisdom Get up to 20% off Timeline’s leading longevity and cellular health supplement at https://timeline.com/modernwisdom Get up to $350 off the Eight Sleep Pod 5 at https://eightsleep.com/modernwisdom Get 10% discount on all Gymshark products at https://gym.sh/modernwisdom (use code MODERNWISDOM10) Get ChatGPT to explore ideas, solve problems, and learn faster at ⁠https://chatgpt.com Timestamps: (0:00) Science-Backed Peptide Regimes (6:47) The Health Hacks Scientists Actually Swear By (21:37) Do Heat Shock Proteins Really Matter? (24:02) Why Resonance Breathing Is So Powerful (27:17) Are MUSE Stem Cells the Next Big Breakthrough? (36:23) Are GLP-1s Causing Too Much Muscle Loss? (45:23) How GLP-1s Could Be Changing Desire (54:12) Why Has Testosterone Become So Demonised? (1:07:07) Should We Be Prioritising Testosterone? (1:12:43) The Fight Against the Peptide Ban (1:24:19) Health Freedom vs Protection: Where’s the Line? (1:29:37) Is Plasmapheresis the Next Longevity Breakthrough? (1:36:16) The Best Cost-Free Longevity Interventions (1:44:44) Is Proteinmaxxing Overhyped? (1:49:32) Is Fibre the Next Big Health Trend? (1:58:24) Inside Ben’s Longevity Diet (2:06:17) How Eating Speed Impacts GLP-1 Release (2:07:31) Does Fasting Actually Work? (2:10:28) Which Longevity Tools Are a Waste of Money? (2:20:54) Should Microplastics Be Listed on Packaging? (2:25:10) What’s the Next Big Biohacking Trend? (2:33:52) What is EMF Exposure Actually Doing to Us? (2:39:30) Do Air Scrubbers Actually Improve Your Health? (2:47:39) Should Everyone Get Genetic Testing? (2:49:49) Where to Find Everyone Extra Stuff: See me live in the UK & Ireland this October: ⁠⁠https://chriswilliamson.live Get my free reading list of 100 books to read before you die: ⁠https://chriswillx.com/books⁠ Try my productivity energy drink Neutonic: ⁠https://neutonic.com/modernwisdom⁠ Episodes You Might Enjoy: #577 - David Goggins - This Is How To Master Your Life: ⁠lnkfi.re/SN-Goggins⁠ #712 - Dr Jordan Peterson - How To Destroy Your Negative Beliefs: ⁠lnkfi.re/SN-Peterson⁠ #700 - Dr Andrew Huberman - The Secret Tools To Hack Your Brain: ⁠lnkfi.re/SN-Huberman⁠ - Get In Touch: Instagram: ⁠https://www.instagram.com/chriswillx⁠ Twitter: ⁠https://www.twitter.com/chriswillx⁠ YouTube: ⁠https://www.youtube.com/modernwisdompodcast⁠ Email: ⁠https://chriswillx.com/contact⁠ - Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Founders: Read the notes at at podcastnotes.org. Don't forget to subscribe for free to our newsletter, the top 10 ideas of the week, every Monday --------- What I learned from reading Distant Force: A Memoir of the Teledyne Corporation and The Man Who Created It by George Roberts and The Outsiders by William Thorndike. Made possible by: Ramp: ⁠⁠https://ramp.com⁠⁠ Applovin: ⁠⁠https://www.applovin.com Vanta: ⁠⁠https://vanta.com/founders Some of my favorite quotes: 0:00 — "He aggressively repurchased his stock, eventually buying over ninety percent of Teledyne's shares." 0:45 — "He was known as The Sphinx for his reluctance to speak with either analysts or journalists." 1:25 — Charlie Munger: "Singleton's financial returns were a mile higher than anyone else's, that they were utterly ridiculous." 2:00 — Buffett: "The heads of many companies are not skilled in capital allocation. Their inadequacy is not surprising. Most bosses rise to the top because they've excelled in an area such as marketing, production, engineering, administration, or sometimes institutional politics." 4:10 — Singleton: "Our conclusion was that the key was cash flow. Our attitude towards cash generation and asset management came out of our own thinking. It is not copied." 4:30 — Buffett: "Henry Singleton has the best operating and capital deployment record in American business. If one took the hundred top business school graduates and made a composite of their triumphs, their record would not be as good as Singleton's." 9:40 — Singleton: "If anyone wants to follow Teledyne, they should get used to the fact that our quarterly earnings will jiggle. Our accounting is set to maximize cash flow, not reported earnings." 10:50 — Singleton believed buying stock at attractive prices was self-catalyzing, analogous to coiling a spring that at some future point would surge forward to realize full value." 11:50 — Singleton: "I don't reserve any day-to-day responsibilities for myself, so I don't get into any particular rut. I do not define my job in any rigid terms, but in terms of having the freedom to do whatever seems to be in the best interest of the company at any time." 14:35 — Singleton: "If everyone's doing them, there must be something wrong with them." (on share repurchases by Fortune 500 companies) 26:30 — Singleton: "Teledyne is like a living plant, with our companies as the different branches and each putting out new branches and growing so that no one business is too significant." 28:35 — Singleton: "We work our heads off to increase our own capability at collecting and promoting the right people. To the extent that we succeed, the whole company will succeed." 32:30 — "What's unique about him is that I'll ask him a question about one of these companies that I've asked him to supervise, and he always knows the exact numerical answer. That's the kind of fellow that you pick who runs a company and does it well." 35:00 — Singleton: "There are tremendous values in the stock market, but in buying stocks, not entire companies. Buying companies tends to raise the purchase price too high." 41:35 — Claude Shannon on Singleton: "He always tries to work out the best moves, and maybe he doesn't like to talk too much because when you're playing a game, you don't tell anyone else what your strategy is." 42:00 — Singleton: "We are not particularly persuaded by quick, temporary gains. We'd rather get something permanent, and that takes time." 44:40 — Munger: "Henry Singleton was the smartest single human being I've ever known in my entire life." 45:00 — Munger: "Henry was a lot smarter, but Warren had thought about investments a lot longer." (distinguishing raw intelligence from accumulated experience)

David Senra: Read the notes at at podcastnotes.org. Don't forget to subscribe for free to our newsletter, the top 10 ideas of the week, every Monday --------- Doug Leone spent 26 years helping lead Sequoia Capital through successive eras of technological change. Born in Italy, he came to the United States without speaking English and carried the insecurity of an outsider into his career. That fear became fuel: whenever he felt himself falling behind, he forced himself to start over. After stepping down from Sequoia at 65 to make room for the next generation, he returned four years later. Now he considers himself a low-level analyst again, racing to understand an AI revolution that he believes is rewriting business more radically than anything he has seen before. Leone explains the three questions he asks before making an investment: Would he put his children's money into it? If he could make only 20 investments in his life, would this be one of them? Could it return the entire fund? He is interested only in extreme outliers—companies capable of returning 100 times the original investment—and says the biggest mistake venture investors make is selling their winners too early. Sequoia once owned enormous stakes in Apple, Cisco, Google and NVIDIA, but even the greatest investors failed to anticipate how long exceptional companies could continue compounding. His role as an investor is not to shape a founder's technology. It is to help turn a product into a business: recruiting the first team, building sales and marketing, navigating crucible moments and preserving the founder as the soul of the company. He describes backing David Vélez before Nubank existed, what Fred Luddy's unusual ServiceNow pitch revealed about him and why Sequoia looks for the same qualities in founders and its own partners: a hypercompetitive person with a heart of gold. Leone also discusses trust as the accelerant that makes business move quickly. Trust requires both competence and good intentions, and it is earned by helping founders when they are most vulnerable. He explains why founders should architect their boards as carefully as their products, why productive disagreement is different from argument and how to deliver difficult feedback so it can actually be heard. He closes with lessons from his longtime partner Michael Moritz: listen to the exact words people choose, put the other person first and always ask what a company could become if everything goes right. Show notes: https://www.davidsenra.com/episode/doug-leone Made possible by Ramp: https://ramp.com AppLovin: https://applovin.com/senra Deel: https://deel.com/senra Chapters (00:00:00) How to Dominate for Decades (00:03:17) Turning Fear Into a Tailwind (00:05:40) Immigrant Drive, Hard Work & the Beach Club (00:12:19) Simplifying Life & Choosing Discomfort (00:14:37) The Homeless Sequoia Partner With No Plan B (00:16:49) Stepping Down, Coming Back & Starting Over (00:20:04) Why AI Is Different From Every Previous Technology Shift (00:22:13) Doug's Three Investment Heuristics (00:23:52) The Cost of Selling Great Companies Too Early (00:25:39) Helping Founders Turn Products Into Businesses (00:28:28) David Vélez, Nubank & the Psychology of Founder Support (00:32:25) Why Founders Must Remain the Soul of the Company (00:36:13) Torturing Yourself Into Greatness (00:39:57) Don Valentine, Succession & the Sequoia School of Hard Knocks (00:44:28) Staying Grounded & Developing a Sniffer for People (00:47:46) Hypercompetitive With a Heart of Gold (00:50:13) Fred Luddy, Israeli Founders & Radical Directness (00:52:28) Trust Is the Accelerant of Business (00:59:57) Starting From Zero & Hunting for the Next Great Founder (01:05:59) Architect Your Board Like Your Product (01:10:24) Truth, Disagreement & the Art of Difficult Feedback (01:13:43) Humanity, Introversion & the Value of Relationships (01:18:18) What Doug Learned From Michael Moritz Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Drive with Dr. Peter Attia: Read the notes at at podcastnotes.org. Don't forget to subscribe for free to our newsletter, the top 10 ideas of the week, every Monday --------- View the Show Notes Page for This Episode Become a Member to Receive Exclusive Content Sign Up to Receive Peter's Weekly Newsletter In this episode, Peter sits down with Dr. Linus Abrams, a psychiatrist with nearly 35 years of clinical experience specializing in mood disorders and psychopharmacology, to explore how our understanding of mental health is evolving beyond the traditional neurotransmitter model. After decades in practice, Linus began questioning many of the assumptions underlying modern psychiatry, leading him to investigate how hormones, metabolism, inflammation, circadian biology, and the endocrine system shape mood and cognition. Together, Peter and Linus examine why psychiatric care should aim not only to reduce symptoms but also to restore the full human experience. They discuss how psychiatric medications work, where they fall short, and why distinguishing bipolar disorder from unipolar depression is essential for effective treatment. The conversation also explores the growing mental health burden of social isolationn associated with digital devices and social media, along with the biological factors—nutrition, exercise, sleep, and chronic stress—that influence resilience and distress tolerance. Linus explains the powerful roles of estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, and thyroid hormone in regulating mood and cognition across the lifespan. Finally, Peter and Linus review the promise and limitations of ketamine and psychedelic therapies, and why the future of psychiatry may lie in integrating neuroscience, endocrinology, and whole-body physiology to better understand, diagnose, and treat mental illness. We discuss: Linus's passion for understanding his patients and going beyond traditional psychiatry [2:45]; A short primer on the different classes of drugs used in psychiatry [12:45]; Evaluation of a patient with bipolar disorder [26:00]; An evolutionary perspective on depression [33:30]; Changes in the modern world triggering mental health problems [41:00]; An evolutionary perspective on insomnia [48:15]; Peter's window analogy to understand distress tolerance and irritability [49:45]; The impact of foundational biological factors on psychiatry: nutrition, exercise, sleep, and endocrinology [52:30]; The effect of estradiol on neurotransmitters in the brain [58:15]; Options for increasing testosterone in men, and why clomiphene is inferior to exogenous testosterone [1:11:00]; The rapid drop in progesterone is linked to both premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) and postpartum depression [1:14:30]; Treatment of postpartum depression [1:18:00]; Hypothyroidism presenting as depression: how Linus makes the diagnosis and what he uses for treatment [1:26:00]; The link between hyperarousal and chronically elevated cortisol [1:39:30]; A case where the menopause transition uncovers bipolar disorder [1:44:15]; Ketamine as a tool to treat recalcitrant depression, and concerns about its recreational use [1:49:15]; Case study: an Alzheimer's patient who improved after psilocybin, and why Linus is cautious about drawing conclusions from it [1:55:15]; Peter's experience with psychedelics, and the myth that estrogen is bad for men [2:00:30]; The therapeutic potential of psychedelics in psychiatry [2:11:00]; and More. Connect With Peter on Twitter, Instagram, Facebook and YouTube

Drive with Dr. Peter Attia: Read the notes at at podcastnotes.org. Don't forget to subscribe for free to our newsletter, the top 10 ideas of the week, every Monday --------- View the Show Notes Page for This Episode Become a Member to Receive Exclusive Content Sign Up to Receive Peter's Weekly Newsletter In this episode, Peter returns to the topic of peptides, offering a clear and accessible guide to a field surrounded by both genuine scientific promise and widespread misinformation. Peptides are increasingly marketed for everything from injury recovery and muscle growth to longevity and improved appearance, often with claims that extend far beyond the available evidence. Rather than promoting or dismissing peptides as a category, Peter presents a practical framework for evaluating any peptide: what it is, how it is supposed to work, and where the science is strong, weak, or simply absent. He then applies this framework to a specific example before examining the risks of gray-market products, concerns about sourcing and quality, and where the field may be headed—ultimately helping listeners distinguish legitimate therapies from hope that has been packaged and sold without sufficient evidence. We discuss: What peptides are and why they must be evaluated individually [3:15]; A five-question framework for evaluating peptides and other drugs [5:30]; A three-tier system for classifying the scientific evidence behind peptides [10:00]; Evaluating BPC-157: unclear mechanisms, absent human evidence, and unknown risks [14:00]; Why BPC-157's expanding claims do not indicate a broad mechanism [20:45]; CJC-1295: biological activity versus meaningful clinical benefit [23:30]; Why testimonials about peptide benefits cannot establish the effectiveness of peptides [27:30]; The placebo effect, and the importance of controlled trials for evaluating peptides [31:00]; What FDA approval provides when evaluating peptide safety and effectiveness [34:45]; Why prescriptions from doctors, compounding pharmacies, and third-party testing do not validate unapproved peptides [38:30]; Approved peptides sold on the gray market: why evidence for an approved peptide does not automatically extend to gray-market versions [40:45]; Addressing the claim that pharmaceutical companies ignore effective natural peptides because they cannot be patented [43:00]; The promise of peptide science, and the risks of the gray-market wellness industry [46:30]; Why peptide claims must be falsifiable and why evidence should precede widespread use rather than be expected to catch up later [49:00]; and More. Connect With Peter on Twitter, Instagram, Facebook and YouTube

The Diary Of A CEO with Steven Bartlett: Read the notes at at podcastnotes.org. Don't forget to subscribe for free to our newsletter, the top 10 ideas of the week, every Monday --------- Performance Scientist Dr Andy Galpin reveals the BIGGEST sleep mistakes ruining your health, how to build better energy every day, why your sleep tracker could be making things worse, and whether health optimisation can actually backfire! Dr. Andy Galpin is a Professor of Kinesiology and Executive Director of the Human Performance Center at Parker University. He has spent over 2 decades working with Olympic gold medallists, world champions, professional athletes, military special forces, and also hosts the Perform with Dr Andy Galpin podcast.  He explains:  ◼ Why millions unknowingly have a sleep disorder that's silently damaging their health ◼ The morning routine that resets your body clock for better sleep at night ◼ The truth about melatonin, and why most people are taking it the wrong way ◼ The simple sleep tests you can do at home before visiting a specialist ◼ Why waking up exhausted after 8 hours could be a warning sign Independent Fact Check: https://stevenbartlett.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/DOAC-Andy-Galpin-Independent-Research-Further-Reading.pdf Chapters 00:00:00 Why do you do what you do 00:03:38 What goals bring people to you? 00:07:30 Health anxiety and over-optimising 00:08:33 Sleep disorders are a health crisis 00:10:29 Does sleep apnea disrupt sleep? 00:14:20 Why is sleep apnea so common? 00:15:17 Do I have a sleep issue? 00:18:28 Pros and cons of wearables 00:21:20 What causes a high resting heart rate? 00:21:48 Why is sleep getting worse? 00:22:58 Morning light and light pollution 00:25:16 How much does sound matter? 00:26:51 Best evidence-based sleep supplements 00:29:25 Do you recommend melatonin? 00:34:38 Is there a downside to coffee? 00:36:46 What mattress should I sleep on? 00:37:49 The real issue with screen time 00:47:08 Sleeping when you share a bed 00:48:48 Sleeping in new environments 00:49:34 Optimal temperature for sleep 00:55:34 Ads 00:57:32 Energy management for high performers 01:02:35 Steve's cholesterol results 01:07:06 Why healthy people can have an enlarged heart 01:10:20 Lowering cholesterol with lifestyle and medicine 01:13:55 Low vitamin D 01:16:42 Omega 3 and mercury levels 01:17:32 Exercise and the SAID principle 01:23:17 Use it or lose it with age 01:27:51 Ads 01:28:53 Is grip strength linked to mortality? 01:33:53 How to build muscle power 01:36:26 Does more exercise equal better? 01:40:59 What supplements do you take? 01:42:56 The best way to lose weight 01:50:25 Exercise and weight loss myths 01:52:32 The 54321 method for fat loss 01:54:08 Why am I not progressing? 01:55:50 Can AI create a workout plan? 02:00:06 What motivates people to change? 02:06:26 Are my goals bad? 02:08:43 What is worth doing if you might fail? Quiz Links: PSQI (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) — https://link.thediaryofaceo.com/E41eW4P ASSQ (Athlete Sleep Screening Questionnaire) — https://link.thediaryofaceo.com/3yDF4PF ESS (Epworth Sleepiness Scale) — https://link.thediaryofaceo.com/9RKtDoZ STOP-BANG (Obstructive sleep apnea risk screener) — https://link.thediaryofaceo.com/7UxNsxH ISI (Insomnia Severity Index, PDF) — https://link.thediaryofaceo.com/4mgzHRs Follow Dr Andy: Instagram - https://link.thediaryofaceo.com/CQDR1q8 YouTube - https://link.thediaryofaceo.com/5Squ4wN X - https://link.thediaryofaceo.com/1Fw5A7k Podcast - https://link.thediaryofaceo.com/Fu8uPd7  LinkedIn - https://link.thediaryofaceo.com/5ykmlog Website - https://link.thediaryofaceo.com/8T6M9KJ Performance Coaching - https://link.thediaryofaceo.com/8QLLu9w The Diary Of A CEO: ◼ Join DOAC circle here - https://doaccircle.com/ ◼ Buy The Diary Of A CEO book here - https://link.thediaryofaceo.com/BWjLTZK ◼ The 1% Diary is back - limited time only: https://thediary.com/products/one-percent-diary ◼ The Diary Of A CEO Conversation Cards (Second Edition): https://thediary.com/products/the-conversation-cards-2nd-edition ◼ Get email updates - https://link.thediaryofaceo.com/5IB1H6E ◼ Follow Steven - https://link.thediaryofaceo.com/AGU9QP4 Sponsors: Ketone - https://ketone.com/STEVEN for 30% off your subscription order Shopify - https://shopify.com/bartlett Function Health- https://functionhealth.com/DOAC

David Senra: Read the notes at at podcastnotes.org. Don't forget to subscribe for free to our newsletter, the top 10 ideas of the week, every Monday --------- Travis Kalanick is best known for co-founding Uber and building it into one of the world’s largest transportation platforms. Before Uber, he spent years building Red Swoosh under extreme financial pressure. He says he took no salary for its first four years, repeatedly ran out of money and lost much of his social life to the company before eventually selling it. He later invested much of the proceeds in friends’ startups, becoming the first investor in Expensify. Kalanick started Uber at 33 and carried the intensity of those earlier years into the company. He describes operating with “precision, perfection and obsession” and continued running Uber with the mentality of someone worried about making the next grocery bill even after the company had reached a valuation of roughly $70 billion. Under his leadership, Uber expanded rapidly across cities and countries, creating a new category of app-based transportation and challenging the entrenched taxi systems that controlled many local markets. Uber’s growth depended on empowering young operators to build markets from scratch while maintaining tight control over the decisions that mattered most. Kalanick personally participated in the pricing process for the company’s first 20 to 30 cities, using each launch to refine a playbook that could eventually operate without him. He describes this management philosophy as finding the line between order and chaos: using the fewest possible rules while preserving the structure required to move quickly at scale. After leaving Uber, he returned to company building within months. His current company, Atoms, is developing artificial intelligence and specialized robotics for industries including food, mining and transportation. Kalanick describes his role as “problem solver in chief,” focusing on the most consequential problems that are not already being solved and pursuing what he considers his broader calling: digitizing the physical world. Show notes: https://www.davidsenra.com/episode/travis-kalanick Made possible by Ramp: https://ramp.com AppLovin: https://applovin.com/senra Deel: https://deel.com/senra Chapters (00:00:00) Building Atoms & the Meta Problem of Management (00:03:51) The Appeal of Impossible Problems: Starting Over in China (00:12:19) Uber vs. Didi: Copycats, Hypergrowth & China's Rules (00:21:02) How Network Effects Become an Efficiency Fortress (00:31:48) Capitalism vs. the Taxi Cartel (00:44:05) The China War Goes Global & the Entrepreneur's Capacity for Pain (00:54:04) Life After Uber: Lawfare, Media Narratives & Reputation (00:58:21) What Founders Get Wrong About Venture Capital (01:08:35) The Fundraising Playbook: QED Storytelling & a Five-Room Auction (01:18:38) The Uber Coup, Radical Accountability & Outgrowing Fear (01:26:42) Why Specialized Robots Beat Humanoids at Industrial Scale (01:31:30) Finding Your Sport: Food, Mining & the Physical AI Stack (01:40:14) How to Build Many Companies Inside One Company (01:46:33) Entropy, Civilization & the Meaning of Progress Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Founders: Read the notes at at podcastnotes.org. Don't forget to subscribe for free to our newsletter, the top 10 ideas of the week, every Monday --------- Claude Shannon changed your life and you probably don't even know it. Claude is the father of information theory. He transformed information into bits and created the intellectual foundation for computers, the Internet, digital media, high-speed communication, and Artificial Intelligence. The way Claude Shannon worked is what interested me the most. He combined extraordinary abstract reasoning with an engineer’s instinct to build. He reduced complex problems to their essential structure. He connected ideas across mathematics, engineering, cryptography, artificial intelligence, investing, chess, juggling, and robotics. He treated every experience as material that he might later combine into a new insight. He was also relentlessly independent, guided more by curiosity and freedom than recognition, money, or usefulness. This episode is what I learned from rereading A Mind at Play: How Claude Shannon Invented the Information Age by Jimmy Soni and Rob Goodman. Made possible by: Ramp: ⁠⁠https://ramp.com⁠⁠ AppLovin: ⁠⁠https://www.applovin.com Vanta: ⁠⁠https://vanta.com/founders 0:00 — "The great insights don't spring from curiosity alone, but from dissatisfaction... A genius is simply someone who is usefully irritated." 1:36 — "It seems to be much easier to make two small jumps than one big jump in any kind of mental thinking." — Shannon 4:41 — "He was a man almost entirely written out of a history that's defined by self-promoters. His was a life spent in the pursuit of curious, serious play." 5:20 — "He worked with levity and played with gravity. He never acknowledged a distinction between the two." 6:00 — "Geniuses are the luckiest of mortals because what they do is the same as what they most want to do." 6:59 — "I do what comes naturally, and usefulness is not my main goal. I keep asking myself, 'How would you do this? Is it possible to make a machine to do this? Can I prove this theorem?'" — Shannon 11:50 — "Chemistry always seemed dull to me. There's too many isolated facts and too few general principles for my taste." — Shannon 19:09 — "Specialization is the death of genius." — Vannevar Bush 19:18 — "The possibilities of being at once both broad and deep did not pass with Leonardo da Vinci or Benjamin Franklin." — Vannevar Bush 25:13 — "I had the freedom to do anything I wanted from almost the day I started. They never told me what to work on." — Shannon on Bell Labs 26:41 — "I've been working on three different ideas simultaneously, and strangely enough, it seems a more productive method than sticking to one problem." — Shannon 32:55 — "My fondest dream is to someday build a machine that thinks, learns, communicates, and manipulates its environment in a fairly sophisticated way." — Shannon 35:05 — "Before Shannon, information was a telegram, a photograph, a paragraph, a song. After Shannon, information was entirely abstracted into bits." 38:04 — "After the effort of discovery, the effort of communication was secondary by far. He had solved a problem to his own satisfaction, and that, as far as he was concerned, was enough." 40:55 — "I've spent lots of time on totally useless things... He made no distinction between his interest in information and his interest in unicycles. They were all moves in the same game." 46:54 — "Shannon seemed to think with ideas more than with words or formulas. A new problem was like a sculptor's block of stone, and Shannon's ideas chiseled away the obstacles until an approximate solution emerged." — Ed Thorp 47:19 — "I simply removed everything that was not David." — Michelangelo 47:25 — "I don't think I was ever motivated by the notions of winning prizes. I was more motivated by curiosity, never by the desire for financial gain. I just wondered how things were put together." — Shannon 47:49 — "I think the history of science has shown that valuable consequences often proliferate from simple curiosity." — Shannon 48:37 — "The important people and events of history are the thinkers and innovators, the Darwins, the Newtons, the Beethovens, whose work continues to grow influence in a positive fashion." — Shannon