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In this episode, guest host, U.S. Equity Portfolio Manager Justin Howell is joined by Technology Analyst Victor Anthony to discuss the evolution, impact, and investment trends surrounding artificial intelligence (AI). The conversation covers the rapid adoption of generative AI technologies like ChatGPT, the competitive responses and capital expenditures of major technology companies, the cost and complexity of building data centers, and the shifting bottlenecks from compute hardware to power infrastructure. Justin and Victor analyze the roles of key industry players such as Nvidia, AMD, and the "Magnificent Seven," explore how AI is reshaping stock market returns and business models, and debate the sustainability and potential risks of the ongoing AI investment cycle. The episode concludes with insights on what signals might indicate an AI bubble and the long-term implications for returns on invested capital in the sector. The information contained herein is for information purposes only. The information has been drawn from sources believed to be reliable. Graphs and charts are used for illustrative purposes only and do not reflect future values or future performance of any investment. The information does not provide financial, legal, tax or investment advice. Particular investment, tax or trading strategies should be evaluated relative to each individual's objectives and risk tolerance. This material is not an offer to any person in any jurisdiction where unlawful or unauthorized. These materials have not been reviewed by and are not registered with any securities or other regulatory authority in jurisdictions where we operate. Any general discussion or opinions contained within these materials regarding securities or market conditions represent our view or the view of the source cited. Unless otherwise indicated, such view is as of the date noted and is subject to change. Information about the portfolio holdings, asset allocation or diversification is historical and is subject to change. This document may contain forward-looking statements (“FLS”). FLS reflect current expectations and projections about future events and/or outcomes based on data currently available. Such expectations and projections may be incorrect in the future as events which were not anticipated or considered in their formulation may occur and lead to results that differ materially from those expressed or implied. FLS are not guarantees of future performance and reliance on FLS should be avoided. No investment strategy or risk management technique can guarantee returns or eliminate risk in any market environment. Any characteristics, guidelines, constraints or other information provided for this material is representative of the investment strategy and is provided for illustrative purposes only. They may change at any time and may differ for a specific account. Each client account is individually managed; actual holdings will vary for each client and there is no guarantee that a particular client's account will have the same characteristics as described herein. Any information about the holdings, asset allocation, or sector diversification is historical and is not an indication of future performance or any future portfolio composition, which will vary. Portfolio holdings are representative of the strategy, are subject to change at any time and are not a recommendation to buy or sell a security. The securities identified and described do not represent all of the securities purchased, sold or recommended for the portfolio. It should not be assumed that an investment in these securities or sectors was or will be profitable. The securities disclosed may or may not be a current investment in any strategy. Any reference to a specific company listed herein does not constitute a recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities of such company, nor does it constitute a recommendation to invest directly in any such company. Any projections, targets, or estimates in this presentation are forward-looking statements and are based on our internal research, analysis, and assumptions. There can be no assurances that such projections, targets, or estimates will occur and the actual results may be materially different. Additional information about our assumptions is available upon request. Other events which were not taken into account in formulating such projections, targets, or estimates may occur and may significantly affect the returns or performance. For Jurisdictions Outside of Canada and the United States: This information is only intended for use in jurisdictions where its distribution or availability is consistent with local laws or regulations. This material is not an offer to any person in any jurisdiction where unlawful or unauthorized. These materials have not been reviewed by and are not registered with any securities or other regulatory authority in jurisdictions where we operate. Australia: Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. (ARBN: 636409320) holds an Australian Financial Services License (AFS License No: 5308587) and is incorporated in Delaware, USA (liability of members is limited). To the extent any statements contained in this document constitute financial product advice, those statements are issued by Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. The information contained herein is intended for wholesale clients and investors only as defined in the Corporations Act of 2001. Japan: For Japanese residents, please note that if you have received this document from The Toronto-Dominion Bank entities based outside Japan, it is being provided to qualified financial institutions (“QFI”) only under a relevant exemption to the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act. If you have received this document from TD Securities (Japan) Co., Ltd., it is being provided only to institutional investors. TD Securities (Japan) Co., Ltd. is regulated by the Financial Services Agency of Japan and is distributing this document in Japan as a Type 1 and Type 2 Financial Instruments Business Operator registered with the Kanto Local Finance Bureau under registration number, Kinsho 2992, and a member of Japan Securities Dealers Association. South Africa: Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. is a licensed Financial Services Provider (license number 46621) with the Financial Sector Conduct Authority. TD Global Investment Solutions represents TD Asset Management Inc. ("TDAM") and Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. ("TD Epoch"). TDAM and TD Epoch are affiliates and wholly owned subsidiaries of The Toronto-Dominion Bank. New Zealand: This document is not an offer of financial products requiring disclosure under the Financial Markets Conduct Act 2013 (New Zealand).  This document is only for “wholesale investors” within the meaning of clause 3(2) of Schedule 1 of the Act and any offer of financial products will only be made to “wholesale investors”. Neither TDAM, TD Epoch, TD Global Investment Solutions nor The Toronto-Dominion Bank are a registered bank in New Zealand. TD Global Investment Solutions represents TD Asset Management Inc. ("TDAM") and Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. ("TD Epoch"). TDAM and TD Epoch are affiliates and wholly owned subsidiaries of The Toronto-Dominion Bank. ®The TD logo and other TD trademarks are the property of The Toronto-Dominion Bank or its subsidiaries. Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Following the mid year rebalancing of the Russell indices, we look at some of the companies that have moved into the Value index, maybe somewhat surprisingly. We also explore how intangible assets are not always valued correctly, especially under GAAP accounting standards. Finally we discuss how many of the top performing stocks of the last 10 years would have been difficult for value investors to invest in. Important Disclosures: For institutional investors only. TD Global Investment Solutions represents TD Asset Management Inc. ("TDAM") and Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. ("TD Epoch"). TDAM and TD Epoch are affiliates and wholly owned subsidiaries of The Toronto-Dominion Bank. ®The TD logo and other TD trademarks are the property of The Toronto-Dominion Bank or its subsidiaries. The information contained herein is distributed for informational purposes only and should not be considered investment advice or a recommendation of any particular security, strategy or investment product. The information is distributed with the understanding that the recipient has sufficient knowledge and experience to be able to understand and make their own evaluation of the proposals and services described herein as well as any risks associated with such proposal or services. Nothing in this presentation constitutes legal, tax, or accounting advice. Information contained herein has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but not guaranteed. Certain information provided herein is based on third-party sources, and although believed to be accurate, has not been independently verified. Except as otherwise specified herein, TD Epoch is the source of all information contained in this document. TD Epoch assumes no liability for errors and omissions in the information contained herein. TD Epoch believes the information contained herein is accurate as of the date produce... The information contained herein is for information purposes only. The information has been drawn from sources believed to be reliable. Graphs and charts are used for illustrative purposes only and do not reflect future values or future performance of any investment. The information does not provide financial, legal, tax or investment advice. Particular investment, tax or trading strategies should be evaluated relative to each individual's objectives and risk tolerance. This material is not an offer to any person in any jurisdiction where unlawful or unauthorized. These materials have not been reviewed by and are not registered with any securities or other regulatory authority in jurisdictions where we operate. Any general discussion or opinions contained within these materials regarding securities or market conditions represent our view or the view of the source cited. Unless otherwise indicated, such view is as of the date noted and is subject to change. Information about the portfolio holdings, asset allocation or diversification is historical and is subject to change. This document may contain forward-looking statements (“FLS”). FLS reflect current expectations and projections about future events and/or outcomes based on data currently available. Such expectations and projections may be incorrect in the future as events which were not anticipated or considered in their formulation may occur and lead to results that differ materially from those expressed or implied. FLS are not guarantees of future performance and reliance on FLS should be avoided. No investment strategy or risk management technique can guarantee returns or eliminate risk in any market environment. Any characteristics, guidelines, constraints or other information provided for this material is representative of the investment strategy and is provided for illustrative purposes only. They may change at any time and may differ for a specific account. Each client account is individually managed; actual holdings will vary for each client and there is no guarantee that a particular client's account will have the same characteristics as described herein. Any information about the holdings, asset allocation, or sector diversification is historical and is not an indication of future performance or any future portfolio composition, which will vary. Portfolio holdings are representative of the strategy, are subject to change at any time and are not a recommendation to buy or sell a security. The securities identified and described do not represent all of the securities purchased, sold or recommended for the portfolio. It should not be assumed that an investment in these securities or sectors was or will be profitable. The securities disclosed may or may not be a current investment in any strategy. Any reference to a specific company listed herein does not constitute a recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities of such company, nor does it constitute a recommendation to invest directly in any such company. Any projections, targets, or estimates in this presentation are forward-looking statements and are based on our internal research, analysis, and assumptions. There can be no assurances that such projections, targets, or estimates will occur and the actual results may be materially different. Additional information about our assumptions is available upon request. Other events which were not taken into account in formulating such projections, targets, or estimates may occur and may significantly affect the returns or performance. For Jurisdictions Outside of Canada and the United States: This information is only intended for use in jurisdictions where its distribution or availability is consistent with local laws or regulations. This material is not an offer to any person in any jurisdiction where unlawful or unauthorized. These materials have not been reviewed by and are not registered with any securities or other regulatory authority in jurisdictions where we operate. Australia: Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. (ARBN: 636409320) holds an Australian Financial Services License (AFS License No: 5308587) and is incorporated in Delaware, USA (liability of members is limited). To the extent any statements contained in this document constitute financial product advice, those statements are issued by Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. The information contained herein is intended for wholesale clients and investors only as defined in the Corporations Act of 2001. Japan: For Japanese residents, please note that if you have received this document from The Toronto-Dominion Bank entities based outside Japan, it is being provided to qualified financial institutions (“QFI”) only under a relevant exemption to the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act. If you have received this document from TD Securities (Japan) Co., Ltd., it is being provided only to institutional investors. TD Securities (Japan) Co., Ltd. is regulated by the Financial Services Agency of Japan and is distributing this document in Japan as a Type 1 and Type 2 Financial Instruments Business Operator registered with the Kanto Local Finance Bureau under registration number, Kinsho 2992, and a member of Japan Securities Dealers Association. South Africa: Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. is a licensed Financial Services Provider (license number 46621) with the Financial Sector Conduct Authority. TD Global Investment Solutions represents TD Asset Management Inc. ("TDAM") and Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. ("TD Epoch"). TDAM and TD Epoch are affiliates and wholly owned subsidiaries of The Toronto-Dominion Bank. New Zealand: This document is not an offer of financial products requiring disclosure under the Financial Markets Conduct Act 2013 (New Zealand).  This document is only for “wholesale investors” within the meaning of clause 3(2) of Schedule 1 of the Act and any offer of financial products will only be made to “wholesale investors”. Neither TDAM, TD Epoch, TD Global Investment Solutions nor The Toronto-Dominion Bank are a registered bank in New Zealand. TD Global Investment Solutions represents TD Asset Management Inc. ("TDAM") and Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. ("TD Epoch"). TDAM and TD Epoch are affiliates and wholly owned subsidiaries of The Toronto-Dominion Bank. ®The TD logo and other TD trademarks are the property of The Toronto-Dominion Bank or its subsidiaries. Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

The information contained herein is for information purposes only. The information has been drawn from sources believed to be reliable. Graphs and charts are used for illustrative purposes only and do not reflect future values or future performance of any investment. The information does not provide financial, legal, tax or investment advice. Particular investment, tax or trading strategies should be evaluated relative to each individual's objectives and risk tolerance. This material is not an offer to any person in any jurisdiction where unlawful or unauthorized. These materials have not been reviewed by and are not registered with any securities or other regulatory authority in jurisdictions where we operate. Any general discussion or opinions contained within these materials regarding securities or market conditions represent our view or the view of the source cited. Unless otherwise indicated, such view is as of the date noted and is subject to change. Information about the portfolio holdings, asset allocation or diversification is historical and is subject to change. This document may contain forward-looking statements (“FLS”). FLS reflect current expectations and projections about future events and/or outcomes based on data currently available. Such expectations and projections may be incorrect in the future as events which were not anticipated or considered in their formulation may occur and lead to results that differ materially from those expressed or implied. FLS are not guarantees of future performance and reliance on FLS should be avoided. No investment strategy or risk management technique can guarantee returns or eliminate risk in any market environment. Any characteristics, guidelines, constraints or other information provided for this material is representative of the investment strategy and is provided for illustrative purposes only. They may change at any time and may differ for a specific account. Each client account is individually managed; actual holdings will vary for each client and there is no guarantee that a particular client's account will have the same characteristics as described herein. Any information about the holdings, asset allocation, or sector diversification is historical and is not an indication of future performance or any future portfolio composition, which will vary. Portfolio holdings are representative of the strategy, are subject to change at any time and are not a recommendation to buy or sell a security. The securities identified and described do not represent all of the securities purchased, sold or recommended for the portfolio. It should not be assumed that an investment in these securities or sectors was or will be profitable. The securities disclosed may or may not be a current investment in any strategy. Any reference to a specific company listed herein does not constitute a recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities of such company, nor does it constitute a recommendation to invest directly in any such company. Any projections, targets, or estimates in this presentation are forward-looking statements and are based on our internal research, analysis, and assumptions. There can be no assurances that such projections, targets, or estimates will occur and the actual results may be materially different. Additional information about our assumptions is available upon request. Other events which were not taken into account in formulating such projections, targets, or estimates may occur and may significantly affect the returns or performance. For Jurisdictions Outside of Canada and the United States: This information is only intended for use in jurisdictions where its distribution or availability is consistent with local laws or regulations. This material is not an offer to any person in any jurisdiction where unlawful or unauthorized. These materials have not been reviewed by and are not registered with any securities or other regulatory authority in jurisdictions where we operate. Australia: Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. (ARBN: 636409320) holds an Australian Financial Services License (AFS License No: 5308587) and is incorporated in Delaware, USA (liability of members is limited). To the extent any statements contained in this document constitute financial product advice, those statements are issued by Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. The information contained herein is intended for wholesale clients and investors only as defined in the Corporations Act of 2001. Japan: For Japanese residents, please note that if you have received this document from The Toronto-Dominion Bank entities based outside Japan, it is being provided to qualified financial institutions (“QFI”) only under a relevant exemption to the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act. If you have received this document from TD Securities (Japan) Co., Ltd., it is being provided only to institutional investors. TD Securities (Japan) Co., Ltd. is regulated by the Financial Services Agency of Japan and is distributing this document in Japan as a Type 1 and Type 2 Financial Instruments Business Operator registered with the Kanto Local Finance Bureau under registration number, Kinsho 2992, and a member of Japan Securities Dealers Association. South Africa: Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. is a licensed Financial Services Provider (license number 46621) with the Financial Sector Conduct Authority. TD Global Investment Solutions represents TD Asset Management Inc. ("TDAM") and Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. ("TD Epoch"). TDAM and TD Epoch are affiliates and wholly owned subsidiaries of The Toronto-Dominion Bank. New Zealand: This document is not an offer of financial products requiring disclosure under the Financial Markets Conduct Act 2013 (New Zealand).  This document is only for “wholesale investors” within the meaning of clause 3(2) of Schedule 1 of the Act and any offer of financial products will only be made to “wholesale investors”. Neither TDAM, TD Epoch, TD Global Investment Solutions nor The Toronto-Dominion Bank are a registered bank in New Zealand. TD Global Investment Solutions represents TD Asset Management Inc. ("TDAM") and Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. ("TD Epoch"). TDAM and TD Epoch are affiliates and wholly owned subsidiaries of The Toronto-Dominion Bank. ®The TD logo and other TD trademarks are the property of The Toronto-Dominion Bank or its subsidiaries. Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

The information contained herein is for information purposes only. The information has been drawn from sources believed to be reliable. Graphs and charts are used for illustrative purposes only and do not reflect future values or future performance of any investment. The information does not provide financial, legal, tax or investment advice. Particular investment, tax or trading strategies should be evaluated relative to each individual's objectives and risk tolerance. This material is not an offer to any person in any jurisdiction where unlawful or unauthorized. These materials have not been reviewed by and are not registered with any securities or other regulatory authority in jurisdictions where we operate. Any general discussion or opinions contained within these materials regarding securities or market conditions represent our view or the view of the source cited. Unless otherwise indicated, such view is as of the date noted and is subject to change. Information about the portfolio holdings, asset allocation or diversification is historical and is subject to change. This document may contain forward-looking statements (“FLS”). FLS reflect current expectations and projections about future events and/or outcomes based on data currently available. Such expectations and projections may be incorrect in the future as events which were not anticipated or considered in their formulation may occur and lead to results that differ materially from those expressed or implied. FLS are not guarantees of future performance and reliance on FLS should be avoided. No investment strategy or risk management technique can guarantee returns or eliminate risk in any market environment. Any characteristics, guidelines, constraints or other information provided for this material is representative of the investment strategy and is provided for illustrative purposes only. They may change at any time and may differ for a specific account. Each client account is individually managed; actual holdings will vary for each client and there is no guarantee that a particular client's account will have the same characteristics as described herein. Any information about the holdings, asset allocation, or sector diversification is historical and is not an indication of future performance or any future portfolio composition, which will vary. Portfolio holdings are representative of the strategy, are subject to change at any time and are not a recommendation to buy or sell a security. The securities identified and described do not represent all of the securities purchased, sold or recommended for the portfolio. It should not be assumed that an investment in these securities or sectors was or will be profitable. The securities disclosed may or may not be a current investment in any strategy. Any reference to a specific company listed herein does not constitute a recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities of such company, nor does it constitute a recommendation to invest directly in any such company. Any projections, targets, or estimates in this presentation are forward-looking statements and are based on our internal research, analysis, and assumptions. There can be no assurances that such projections, targets, or estimates will occur and the actual results may be materially different. Additional information about our assumptions is available upon request. Other events which were not taken into account in formulating such projections, targets, or estimates may occur and may significantly affect the returns or performance. For Jurisdictions Outside of Canada and the United States: This information is only intended for use in jurisdictions where its distribution or availability is consistent with local laws or regulations. This material is not an offer to any person in any jurisdiction where unlawful or unauthorized. These materials have not been reviewed by and are not registered with any securities or other regulatory authority in jurisdictions where we operate. Australia: Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. (ARBN: 636409320) holds an Australian Financial Services License (AFS License No: 5308587) and is incorporated in Delaware, USA (liability of members is limited). To the extent any statements contained in this document constitute financial product advice, those statements are issued by Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. The information contained herein is intended for wholesale clients and investors only as defined in the Corporations Act of 2001. Japan: For Japanese residents, please note that if you have received this document from The Toronto-Dominion Bank entities based outside Japan, it is being provided to qualified financial institutions (“QFI”) only under a relevant exemption to the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act. If you have received this document from TD Securities (Japan) Co., Ltd., it is being provided only to institutional investors. TD Securities (Japan) Co., Ltd. is regulated by the Financial Services Agency of Japan and is distributing this document in Japan as a Type 1 and Type 2 Financial Instruments Business Operator registered with the Kanto Local Finance Bureau under registration number, Kinsho 2992, and a member of Japan Securities Dealers Association. South Africa: Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. is a licensed Financial Services Provider (license number 46621) with the Financial Sector Conduct Authority. TD Global Investment Solutions represents TD Asset Management Inc. ("TDAM") and Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. ("TD Epoch"). TDAM and TD Epoch are affiliates and wholly owned subsidiaries of The Toronto-Dominion Bank. New Zealand: This document is not an offer of financial products requiring disclosure under the Financial Markets Conduct Act 2013 (New Zealand).  This document is only for “wholesale investors” within the meaning of clause 3(2) of Schedule 1 of the Act and any offer of financial products will only be made to “wholesale investors”. Neither TDAM, TD Epoch, TD Global Investment Solutions nor The Toronto-Dominion Bank are a registered bank in New Zealand. TD Global Investment Solutions represents TD Asset Management Inc. ("TDAM") and Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. ("TD Epoch"). TDAM and TD Epoch are affiliates and wholly owned subsidiaries of The Toronto-Dominion Bank. ®The TD logo and other TD trademarks are the property of The Toronto-Dominion Bank or its subsidiaries. Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

The information contained herein is for information purposes only. The information has been drawn from sources believed to be reliable. Graphs and charts are used for illustrative purposes only and do not reflect future values or future performance of any investment. The information does not provide financial, legal, tax or investment advice. Particular investment, tax or trading strategies should be evaluated relative to each individual's objectives and risk tolerance. This material is not an offer to any person in any jurisdiction where unlawful or unauthorized. These materials have not been reviewed by and are not registered with any securities or other regulatory authority in jurisdictions where we operate. Any general discussion or opinions contained within these materials regarding securities or market conditions represent our view or the view of the source cited. Unless otherwise indicated, such view is as of the date noted and is subject to change. Information about the portfolio holdings, asset allocation or diversification is historical and is subject to change. This document may contain forward-looking statements (“FLS”). FLS reflect current expectations and projections about future events and/or outcomes based on data currently available. Such expectations and projections may be incorrect in the future as events which were not anticipated or considered in their formulation may occur and lead to results that differ materially from those expressed or implied. FLS are not guarantees of future performance and reliance on FLS should be avoided. No investment strategy or risk management technique can guarantee returns or eliminate risk in any market environment. Any characteristics, guidelines, constraints or other information provided for this material is representative of the investment strategy and is provided for illustrative purposes only. They may change at any time and may differ for a specific account. Each client account is individually managed; actual holdings will vary for each client and there is no guarantee that a particular client's account will have the same characteristics as described herein. Any information about the holdings, asset allocation, or sector diversification is historical and is not an indication of future performance or any future portfolio composition, which will vary. Portfolio holdings are representative of the strategy, are subject to change at any time and are not a recommendation to buy or sell a security. The securities identified and described do not represent all of the securities purchased, sold or recommended for the portfolio. It should not be assumed that an investment in these securities or sectors was or will be profitable. The securities disclosed may or may not be a current investment in any strategy. Any reference to a specific company listed herein does not constitute a recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities of such company, nor does it constitute a recommendation to invest directly in any such company. Any projections, targets, or estimates in this presentation are forward-looking statements and are based on our internal research, analysis, and assumptions. There can be no assurances that such projections, targets, or estimates will occur and the actual results may be materially different. Additional information about our assumptions is available upon request. Other events which were not taken into account in formulating such projections, targets, or estimates may occur and may significantly affect the returns or performance. For Jurisdictions Outside of Canada and the United States: This information is only intended for use in jurisdictions where its distribution or availability is consistent with local laws or regulations. This material is not an offer to any person in any jurisdiction where unlawful or unauthorized. These materials have not been reviewed by and are not registered with any securities or other regulatory authority in jurisdictions where we operate. Australia: Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. (ARBN: 636409320) holds an Australian Financial Services License (AFS License No: 5308587) and is incorporated in Delaware, USA (liability of members is limited). To the extent any statements contained in this document constitute financial product advice, those statements are issued by Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. The information contained herein is intended for wholesale clients and investors only as defined in the Corporations Act of 2001. Japan: For Japanese residents, please note that if you have received this document from The Toronto-Dominion Bank entities based outside Japan, it is being provided to qualified financial institutions (“QFI”) only under a relevant exemption to the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act. If you have received this document from TD Securities (Japan) Co., Ltd., it is being provided only to institutional investors. TD Securities (Japan) Co., Ltd. is regulated by the Financial Services Agency of Japan and is distributing this document in Japan as a Type 1 and Type 2 Financial Instruments Business Operator registered with the Kanto Local Finance Bureau under registration number, Kinsho 2992, and a member of Japan Securities Dealers Association. South Africa: Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. is a licensed Financial Services Provider (license number 46621) with the Financial Sector Conduct Authority. TD Global Investment Solutions represents TD Asset Management Inc. ("TDAM") and Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. ("TD Epoch"). TDAM and TD Epoch are affiliates and wholly owned subsidiaries of The Toronto-Dominion Bank. New Zealand: This document is not an offer of financial products requiring disclosure under the Financial Markets Conduct Act 2013 (New Zealand).  This document is only for “wholesale investors” within the meaning of clause 3(2) of Schedule 1 of the Act and any offer of financial products will only be made to “wholesale investors”. Neither TDAM, TD Epoch, TD Global Investment Solutions nor The Toronto-Dominion Bank are a registered bank in New Zealand. TD Global Investment Solutions represents TD Asset Management Inc. ("TDAM") and Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. ("TD Epoch"). TDAM and TD Epoch are affiliates and wholly owned subsidiaries of The Toronto-Dominion Bank. ®The TD logo and other TD trademarks are the property of The Toronto-Dominion Bank or its subsidiaries. Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

The information contained herein is for information purposes only. The information has been drawn from sources believed to be reliable. Graphs and charts are used for illustrative purposes only and do not reflect future values or future performance of any investment. The information does not provide financial, legal, tax or investment advice. Particular investment, tax or trading strategies should be evaluated relative to each individual's objectives and risk tolerance. This material is not an offer to any person in any jurisdiction where unlawful or unauthorized. These materials have not been reviewed by and are not registered with any securities or other regulatory authority in jurisdictions where we operate. Any general discussion or opinions contained within these materials regarding securities or market conditions represent our view or the view of the source cited. Unless otherwise indicated, such view is as of the date noted and is subject to change. Information about the portfolio holdings, asset allocation or diversification is historical and is subject to change. This document may contain forward-looking statements (“FLS”). FLS reflect current expectations and projections about future events and/or outcomes based on data currently available. Such expectations and projections may be incorrect in the future as events which were not anticipated or considered in their formulation may occur and lead to results that differ materially from those expressed or implied. FLS are not guarantees of future performance and reliance on FLS should be avoided. No investment strategy or risk management technique can guarantee returns or eliminate risk in any market environment. Any characteristics, guidelines, constraints or other information provided for this material is representative of the investment strategy and is provided for illustrative purposes only. They may change at any time and may differ for a specific account. Each client account is individually managed; actual holdings will vary for each client and there is no guarantee that a particular client's account will have the same characteristics as described herein. Any information about the holdings, asset allocation, or sector diversification is historical and is not an indication of future performance or any future portfolio composition, which will vary. Portfolio holdings are representative of the strategy, are subject to change at any time and are not a recommendation to buy or sell a security. The securities identified and described do not represent all of the securities purchased, sold or recommended for the portfolio. It should not be assumed that an investment in these securities or sectors was or will be profitable. The securities disclosed may or may not be a current investment in any strategy. Any reference to a specific company listed herein does not constitute a recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities of such company, nor does it constitute a recommendation to invest directly in any such company. Any projections, targets, or estimates in this presentation are forward-looking statements and are based on our internal research, analysis, and assumptions. There can be no assurances that such projections, targets, or estimates will occur and the actual results may be materially different. Additional information about our assumptions is available upon request. Other events which were not taken into account in formulating such projections, targets, or estimates may occur and may significantly affect the returns or performance. For Jurisdictions Outside of Canada and the United States: This information is only intended for use in jurisdictions where its distribution or availability is consistent with local laws or regulations. This material is not an offer to any person in any jurisdiction where unlawful or unauthorized. These materials have not been reviewed by and are not registered with any securities or other regulatory authority in jurisdictions where we operate. Australia: Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. (ARBN: 636409320) holds an Australian Financial Services License (AFS License No: 5308587) and is incorporated in Delaware, USA (liability of members is limited). To the extent any statements contained in this document constitute financial product advice, those statements are issued by Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. The information contained herein is intended for wholesale clients and investors only as defined in the Corporations Act of 2001. Japan: For Japanese residents, please note that if you have received this document from The Toronto-Dominion Bank entities based outside Japan, it is being provided to qualified financial institutions (“QFI”) only under a relevant exemption to the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act. If you have received this document from TD Securities (Japan) Co., Ltd., it is being provided only to institutional investors. TD Securities (Japan) Co., Ltd. is regulated by the Financial Services Agency of Japan and is distributing this document in Japan as a Type 1 and Type 2 Financial Instruments Business Operator registered with the Kanto Local Finance Bureau under registration number, Kinsho 2992, and a member of Japan Securities Dealers Association. South Africa: Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. is a licensed Financial Services Provider (license number 46621) with the Financial Sector Conduct Authority. TD Global Investment Solutions represents TD Asset Management Inc. ("TDAM") and Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. ("TD Epoch"). TDAM and TD Epoch are affiliates and wholly owned subsidiaries of The Toronto-Dominion Bank. New Zealand: This document is not an offer of financial products requiring disclosure under the Financial Markets Conduct Act 2013 (New Zealand).  This document is only for “wholesale investors” within the meaning of clause 3(2) of Schedule 1 of the Act and any offer of financial products will only be made to “wholesale investors”. Neither TDAM, TD Epoch, TD Global Investment Solutions nor The Toronto-Dominion Bank are a registered bank in New Zealand. TD Global Investment Solutions represents TD Asset Management Inc. ("TDAM") and Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. ("TD Epoch"). TDAM and TD Epoch are affiliates and wholly owned subsidiaries of The Toronto-Dominion Bank. ®The TD logo and other TD trademarks are the property of The Toronto-Dominion Bank or its subsidiaries. Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

The information contained herein is for information purposes only. The information has been drawn from sources believed to be reliable. Graphs and charts are used for illustrative purposes only and do not reflect future values or future performance of any investment. The information does not provide financial, legal, tax or investment advice. Particular investment, tax or trading strategies should be evaluated relative to each individual's objectives and risk tolerance. This material is not an offer to any person in any jurisdiction where unlawful or unauthorized. These materials have not been reviewed by and are not registered with any securities or other regulatory authority in jurisdictions where we operate. Any general discussion or opinions contained within these materials regarding securities or market conditions represent our view or the view of the source cited. Unless otherwise indicated, such view is as of the date noted and is subject to change. Information about the portfolio holdings, asset allocation or diversification is historical and is subject to change. This document may contain forward-looking statements (“FLS”). FLS reflect current expectations and projections about future events and/or outcomes based on data currently available. Such expectations and projections may be incorrect in the future as events which were not anticipated or considered in their formulation may occur and lead to results that differ materially from those expressed or implied. FLS are not guarantees of future performance and reliance on FLS should be avoided. No investment strategy or risk management technique can guarantee returns or eliminate risk in any market environment. Any characteristics, guidelines, constraints or other information provided for this material is representative of the investment strategy and is provided for illustrative purposes only. They may change at any time and may differ for a specific account. Each client account is individually managed; actual holdings will vary for each client and there is no guarantee that a particular client's account will have the same characteristics as described herein. Any information about the holdings, asset allocation, or sector diversification is historical and is not an indication of future performance or any future portfolio composition, which will vary. Portfolio holdings are representative of the strategy, are subject to change at any time and are not a recommendation to buy or sell a security. The securities identified and described do not represent all of the securities purchased, sold or recommended for the portfolio. It should not be assumed that an investment in these securities or sectors was or will be profitable. The securities disclosed may or may not be a current investment in any strategy. Any reference to a specific company listed herein does not constitute a recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities of such company, nor does it constitute a recommendation to invest directly in any such company. Any projections, targets, or estimates in this presentation are forward-looking statements and are based on our internal research, analysis, and assumptions. There can be no assurances that such projections, targets, or estimates will occur and the actual results may be materially different. Additional information about our assumptions is available upon request. Other events which were not taken into account in formulating such projections, targets, or estimates may occur and may significantly affect the returns or performance. For Jurisdictions Outside of Canada and the United States: This information is only intended for use in jurisdictions where its distribution or availability is consistent with local laws or regulations. This material is not an offer to any person in any jurisdiction where unlawful or unauthorized. These materials have not been reviewed by and are not registered with any securities or other regulatory authority in jurisdictions where we operate. Australia: Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. (ARBN: 636409320) holds an Australian Financial Services License (AFS License No: 5308587) and is incorporated in Delaware, USA (liability of members is limited). To the extent any statements contained in this document constitute financial product advice, those statements are issued by Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. The information contained herein is intended for wholesale clients and investors only as defined in the Corporations Act of 2001. Japan: For Japanese residents, please note that if you have received this document from The Toronto-Dominion Bank entities based outside Japan, it is being provided to qualified financial institutions (“QFI”) only under a relevant exemption to the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act. If you have received this document from TD Securities (Japan) Co., Ltd., it is being provided only to institutional investors. TD Securities (Japan) Co., Ltd. is regulated by the Financial Services Agency of Japan and is distributing this document in Japan as a Type 1 and Type 2 Financial Instruments Business Operator registered with the Kanto Local Finance Bureau under registration number, Kinsho 2992, and a member of Japan Securities Dealers Association. South Africa: Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. is a licensed Financial Services Provider (license number 46621) with the Financial Sector Conduct Authority. TD Global Investment Solutions represents TD Asset Management Inc. ("TDAM") and Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. ("TD Epoch"). TDAM and TD Epoch are affiliates and wholly owned subsidiaries of The Toronto-Dominion Bank. New Zealand: This document is not an offer of financial products requiring disclosure under the Financial Markets Conduct Act 2013 (New Zealand).  This document is only for “wholesale investors” within the meaning of clause 3(2) of Schedule 1 of the Act and any offer of financial products will only be made to “wholesale investors”. Neither TDAM, TD Epoch, TD Global Investment Solutions nor The Toronto-Dominion Bank are a registered bank in New Zealand. TD Global Investment Solutions represents TD Asset Management Inc. ("TDAM") and Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. ("TD Epoch"). TDAM and TD Epoch are affiliates and wholly owned subsidiaries of The Toronto-Dominion Bank. ®The TD logo and other TD trademarks are the property of The Toronto-Dominion Bank or its subsidiaries. Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

The information contained herein is for information purposes only. The information has been drawn from sources believed to be reliable. Graphs and charts are used for illustrative purposes only and do not reflect future values or future performance of any investment. The information does not provide financial, legal, tax or investment advice. Particular investment, tax or trading strategies should be evaluated relative to each individual's objectives and risk tolerance. This material is not an offer to any person in any jurisdiction where unlawful or unauthorized. These materials have not been reviewed by and are not registered with any securities or other regulatory authority in jurisdictions where we operate. Any general discussion or opinions contained within these materials regarding securities or market conditions represent our view or the view of the source cited. Unless otherwise indicated, such view is as of the date noted and is subject to change. Information about the portfolio holdings, asset allocation or diversification is historical and is subject to change. This document may contain forward-looking statements (“FLS”). FLS reflect current expectations and projections about future events and/or outcomes based on data currently available. Such expectations and projections may be incorrect in the future as events which were not anticipated or considered in their formulation may occur and lead to results that differ materially from those expressed or implied. FLS are not guarantees of future performance and reliance on FLS should be avoided. No investment strategy or risk management technique can guarantee returns or eliminate risk in any market environment. Any characteristics, guidelines, constraints or other information provided for this material is representative of the investment strategy and is provided for illustrative purposes only. They may change at any time and may differ for a specific account. Each client account is individually managed; actual holdings will vary for each client and there is no guarantee that a particular client's account will have the same characteristics as described herein. Any information about the holdings, asset allocation, or sector diversification is historical and is not an indication of future performance or any future portfolio composition, which will vary. Portfolio holdings are representative of the strategy, are subject to change at any time and are not a recommendation to buy or sell a security. The securities identified and described do not represent all of the securities purchased, sold or recommended for the portfolio. It should not be assumed that an investment in these securities or sectors was or will be profitable. The securities disclosed may or may not be a current investment in any strategy. Any reference to a specific company listed herein does not constitute a recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities of such company, nor does it constitute a recommendation to invest directly in any such company. Any projections, targets, or estimates in this presentation are forward-looking statements and are based on our internal research, analysis, and assumptions. There can be no assurances that such projections, targets, or estimates will occur and the actual results may be materially different. Additional information about our assumptions is available upon request. Other events which were not taken into account in formulating such projections, targets, or estimates may occur and may significantly affect the returns or performance. For Jurisdictions Outside of Canada and the United States: This information is only intended for use in jurisdictions where its distribution or availability is consistent with local laws or regulations. This material is not an offer to any person in any jurisdiction where unlawful or unauthorized. These materials have not been reviewed by and are not registered with any securities or other regulatory authority in jurisdictions where we operate. Australia: Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. (ARBN: 636409320) holds an Australian Financial Services License (AFS License No: 5308587) and is incorporated in Delaware, USA (liability of members is limited). To the extent any statements contained in this document constitute financial product advice, those statements are issued by Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. The information contained herein is intended for wholesale clients and investors only as defined in the Corporations Act of 2001. Japan: For Japanese residents, please note that if you have received this document from The Toronto-Dominion Bank entities based outside Japan, it is being provided to qualified financial institutions (“QFI”) only under a relevant exemption to the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act. If you have received this document from TD Securities (Japan) Co., Ltd., it is being provided only to institutional investors. TD Securities (Japan) Co., Ltd. is regulated by the Financial Services Agency of Japan and is distributing this document in Japan as a Type 1 and Type 2 Financial Instruments Business Operator registered with the Kanto Local Finance Bureau under registration number, Kinsho 2992, and a member of Japan Securities Dealers Association. South Africa: Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. is a licensed Financial Services Provider (license number 46621) with the Financial Sector Conduct Authority. TD Global Investment Solutions represents TD Asset Management Inc. ("TDAM") and Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. ("TD Epoch"). TDAM and TD Epoch are affiliates and wholly owned subsidiaries of The Toronto-Dominion Bank. New Zealand: This document is not an offer of financial products requiring disclosure under the Financial Markets Conduct Act 2013 (New Zealand).  This document is only for “wholesale investors” within the meaning of clause 3(2) of Schedule 1 of the Act and any offer of financial products will only be made to “wholesale investors”. Neither TDAM, TD Epoch, TD Global Investment Solutions nor The Toronto-Dominion Bank are a registered bank in New Zealand. TD Global Investment Solutions represents TD Asset Management Inc. ("TDAM") and Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. ("TD Epoch"). TDAM and TD Epoch are affiliates and wholly owned subsidiaries of The Toronto-Dominion Bank. ®The TD logo and other TD trademarks are the property of The Toronto-Dominion Bank or its subsidiaries. Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

The information contained herein is for information purposes only. The information has been drawn from sources believed to be reliable. Graphs and charts are used for illustrative purposes only and do not reflect future values or future performance of any investment. The information does not provide financial, legal, tax or investment advice. Particular investment, tax or trading strategies should be evaluated relative to each individual's objectives and risk tolerance. This material is not an offer to any person in any jurisdiction where unlawful or unauthorized. These materials have not been reviewed by and are not registered with any securities or other regulatory authority in jurisdictions where we operate. Any general discussion or opinions contained within these materials regarding securities or market conditions represent our view or the view of the source cited. Unless otherwise indicated, such view is as of the date noted and is subject to change. Information about the portfolio holdings, asset allocation or diversification is historical and is subject to change. This document may contain forward-looking statements (“FLS”). FLS reflect current expectations and projections about future events and/or outcomes based on data currently available. Such expectations and projections may be incorrect in the future as events which were not anticipated or considered in their formulation may occur and lead to results that differ materially from those expressed or implied. FLS are not guarantees of future performance and reliance on FLS should be avoided. No investment strategy or risk management technique can guarantee returns or eliminate risk in any market environment. Any characteristics, guidelines, constraints or other information provided for this material is representative of the investment strategy and is provided for illustrative purposes only. They may change at any time and may differ for a specific account. Each client account is individually managed; actual holdings will vary for each client and there is no guarantee that a particular client's account will have the same characteristics as described herein. Any information about the holdings, asset allocation, or sector diversification is historical and is not an indication of future performance or any future portfolio composition, which will vary. Portfolio holdings are representative of the strategy, are subject to change at any time and are not a recommendation to buy or sell a security. The securities identified and described do not represent all of the securities purchased, sold or recommended for the portfolio. It should not be assumed that an investment in these securities or sectors was or will be profitable. The securities disclosed may or may not be a current investment in any strategy. Any reference to a specific company listed herein does not constitute a recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities of such company, nor does it constitute a recommendation to invest directly in any such company. Any projections, targets, or estimates in this presentation are forward-looking statements and are based on our internal research, analysis, and assumptions. There can be no assurances that such projections, targets, or estimates will occur and the actual results may be materially different. Additional information about our assumptions is available upon request. Other events which were not taken into account in formulating such projections, targets, or estimates may occur and may significantly affect the returns or performance. For Jurisdictions Outside of Canada and the United States: This information is only intended for use in jurisdictions where its distribution or availability is consistent with local laws or regulations. This material is not an offer to any person in any jurisdiction where unlawful or unauthorized. These materials have not been reviewed by and are not registered with any securities or other regulatory authority in jurisdictions where we operate. Australia: Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. (ARBN: 636409320) holds an Australian Financial Services License (AFS License No: 5308587) and is incorporated in Delaware, USA (liability of members is limited). To the extent any statements contained in this document constitute financial product advice, those statements are issued by Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. The information contained herein is intended for wholesale clients and investors only as defined in the Corporations Act of 2001. Japan: For Japanese residents, please note that if you have received this document from The Toronto-Dominion Bank entities based outside Japan, it is being provided to qualified financial institutions (“QFI”) only under a relevant exemption to the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act. If you have received this document from TD Securities (Japan) Co., Ltd., it is being provided only to institutional investors. TD Securities (Japan) Co., Ltd. is regulated by the Financial Services Agency of Japan and is distributing this document in Japan as a Type 1 and Type 2 Financial Instruments Business Operator registered with the Kanto Local Finance Bureau under registration number, Kinsho 2992, and a member of Japan Securities Dealers Association. South Africa: Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. is a licensed Financial Services Provider (license number 46621) with the Financial Sector Conduct Authority. TD Global Investment Solutions represents TD Asset Management Inc. ("TDAM") and Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. ("TD Epoch"). TDAM and TD Epoch are affiliates and wholly owned subsidiaries of The Toronto-Dominion Bank. New Zealand: This document is not an offer of financial products requiring disclosure under the Financial Markets Conduct Act 2013 (New Zealand).  This document is only for “wholesale investors” within the meaning of clause 3(2) of Schedule 1 of the Act and any offer of financial products will only be made to “wholesale investors”. Neither TDAM, TD Epoch, TD Global Investment Solutions nor The Toronto-Dominion Bank are a registered bank in New Zealand. TD Global Investment Solutions represents TD Asset Management Inc. ("TDAM") and Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. ("TD Epoch"). TDAM and TD Epoch are affiliates and wholly owned subsidiaries of The Toronto-Dominion Bank. ®The TD logo and other TD trademarks are the property of The Toronto-Dominion Bank or its subsidiaries. Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

The information contained herein is for information purposes only. The information has been drawn from sources believed to be reliable. Graphs and charts are used for illustrative purposes only and do not reflect future values or future performance of any investment. The information does not provide financial, legal, tax or investment advice. Particular investment, tax or trading strategies should be evaluated relative to each individual's objectives and risk tolerance. This material is not an offer to any person in any jurisdiction where unlawful or unauthorized. These materials have not been reviewed by and are not registered with any securities or other regulatory authority in jurisdictions where we operate. Any general discussion or opinions contained within these materials regarding securities or market conditions represent our view or the view of the source cited. Unless otherwise indicated, such view is as of the date noted and is subject to change. Information about the portfolio holdings, asset allocation or diversification is historical and is subject to change. This document may contain forward-looking statements (“FLS”). FLS reflect current expectations and projections about future events and/or outcomes based on data currently available. Such expectations and projections may be incorrect in the future as events which were not anticipated or considered in their formulation may occur and lead to results that differ materially from those expressed or implied. FLS are not guarantees of future performance and reliance on FLS should be avoided. No investment strategy or risk management technique can guarantee returns or eliminate risk in any market environment. Any characteristics, guidelines, constraints or other information provided for this material is representative of the investment strategy and is provided for illustrative purposes only. They may change at any time and may differ for a specific account. Each client account is individually managed; actual holdings will vary for each client and there is no guarantee that a particular client's account will have the same characteristics as described herein. Any information about the holdings, asset allocation, or sector diversification is historical and is not an indication of future performance or any future portfolio composition, which will vary. Portfolio holdings are representative of the strategy, are subject to change at any time and are not a recommendation to buy or sell a security. The securities identified and described do not represent all of the securities purchased, sold or recommended for the portfolio. It should not be assumed that an investment in these securities or sectors was or will be profitable. The securities disclosed may or may not be a current investment in any strategy. Any reference to a specific company listed herein does not constitute a recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities of such company, nor does it constitute a recommendation to invest directly in any such company. Any projections, targets, or estimates in this presentation are forward-looking statements and are based on our internal research, analysis, and assumptions. There can be no assurances that such projections, targets, or estimates will occur and the actual results may be materially different. Additional information about our assumptions is available upon request. Other events which were not taken into account in formulating such projections, targets, or estimates may occur and may significantly affect the returns or performance. For Jurisdictions Outside of Canada and the United States: This information is only intended for use in jurisdictions where its distribution or availability is consistent with local laws or regulations. This material is not an offer to any person in any jurisdiction where unlawful or unauthorized. These materials have not been reviewed by and are not registered with any securities or other regulatory authority in jurisdictions where we operate. Australia: Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. (ARBN: 636409320) holds an Australian Financial Services License (AFS License No: 5308587) and is incorporated in Delaware, USA (liability of members is limited). To the extent any statements contained in this document constitute financial product advice, those statements are issued by Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. The information contained herein is intended for wholesale clients and investors only as defined in the Corporations Act of 2001. Japan: For Japanese residents, please note that if you have received this document from The Toronto-Dominion Bank entities based outside Japan, it is being provided to qualified financial institutions (“QFI”) only under a relevant exemption to the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act. If you have received this document from TD Securities (Japan) Co., Ltd., it is being provided only to institutional investors. TD Securities (Japan) Co., Ltd. is regulated by the Financial Services Agency of Japan and is distributing this document in Japan as a Type 1 and Type 2 Financial Instruments Business Operator registered with the Kanto Local Finance Bureau under registration number, Kinsho 2992, and a member of Japan Securities Dealers Association. South Africa: Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. is a licensed Financial Services Provider (license number 46621) with the Financial Sector Conduct Authority. TD Global Investment Solutions represents TD Asset Management Inc. ("TDAM") and Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. ("TD Epoch"). TDAM and TD Epoch are affiliates and wholly owned subsidiaries of The Toronto-Dominion Bank. New Zealand: This document is not an offer of financial products requiring disclosure under the Financial Markets Conduct Act 2013 (New Zealand).  This document is only for “wholesale investors” within the meaning of clause 3(2) of Schedule 1 of the Act and any offer of financial products will only be made to “wholesale investors”. Neither TDAM, TD Epoch, TD Global Investment Solutions nor The Toronto-Dominion Bank are a registered bank in New Zealand. TD Global Investment Solutions represents TD Asset Management Inc. ("TDAM") and Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. ("TD Epoch"). TDAM and TD Epoch are affiliates and wholly owned subsidiaries of The Toronto-Dominion Bank. ®The TD logo and other TD trademarks are the property of The Toronto-Dominion Bank or its subsidiaries. Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

The information contained herein is for information purposes only. The information has been drawn from sources believed to be reliable. Graphs and charts are used for illustrative purposes only and do not reflect future values or future performance of any investment. The information does not provide financial, legal, tax or investment advice. Particular investment, tax or trading strategies should be evaluated relative to each individual's objectives and risk tolerance. This material is not an offer to any person in any jurisdiction where unlawful or unauthorized. These materials have not been reviewed by and are not registered with any securities or other regulatory authority in jurisdictions where we operate. Any general discussion or opinions contained within these materials regarding securities or market conditions represent our view or the view of the source cited. Unless otherwise indicated, such view is as of the date noted and is subject to change. Information about the portfolio holdings, asset allocation or diversification is historical and is subject to change. This document may contain forward-looking statements (“FLS”). FLS reflect current expectations and projections about future events and/or outcomes based on data currently available. Such expectations and projections may be incorrect in the future as events which were not anticipated or considered in their formulation may occur and lead to results that differ materially from those expressed or implied. FLS are not guarantees of future performance and reliance on FLS should be avoided. No investment strategy or risk management technique can guarantee returns or eliminate risk in any market environment. Any characteristics, guidelines, constraints or other information provided for this material is representative of the investment strategy and is provided for illustrative purposes only. They may change at any time and may differ for a specific account. Each client account is individually managed; actual holdings will vary for each client and there is no guarantee that a particular client's account will have the same characteristics as described herein. Any information about the holdings, asset allocation, or sector diversification is historical and is not an indication of future performance or any future portfolio composition, which will vary. Portfolio holdings are representative of the strategy, are subject to change at any time and are not a recommendation to buy or sell a security. The securities identified and described do not represent all of the securities purchased, sold or recommended for the portfolio. It should not be assumed that an investment in these securities or sectors was or will be profitable. The securities disclosed may or may not be a current investment in any strategy. Any reference to a specific company listed herein does not constitute a recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities of such company, nor does it constitute a recommendation to invest directly in any such company. Any projections, targets, or estimates in this presentation are forward-looking statements and are based on our internal research, analysis, and assumptions. There can be no assurances that such projections, targets, or estimates will occur and the actual results may be materially different. Additional information about our assumptions is available upon request. Other events which were not taken into account in formulating such projections, targets, or estimates may occur and may significantly affect the returns or performance. For Jurisdictions Outside of Canada and the United States: This information is only intended for use in jurisdictions where its distribution or availability is consistent with local laws or regulations. This material is not an offer to any person in any jurisdiction where unlawful or unauthorized. These materials have not been reviewed by and are not registered with any securities or other regulatory authority in jurisdictions where we operate. Australia: Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. (ARBN: 636409320) holds an Australian Financial Services License (AFS License No: 5308587) and is incorporated in Delaware, USA (liability of members is limited). To the extent any statements contained in this document constitute financial product advice, those statements are issued by Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. The information contained herein is intended for wholesale clients and investors only as defined in the Corporations Act of 2001. Japan: For Japanese residents, please note that if you have received this document from The Toronto-Dominion Bank entities based outside Japan, it is being provided to qualified financial institutions (“QFI”) only under a relevant exemption to the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act. If you have received this document from TD Securities (Japan) Co., Ltd., it is being provided only to institutional investors. TD Securities (Japan) Co., Ltd. is regulated by the Financial Services Agency of Japan and is distributing this document in Japan as a Type 1 and Type 2 Financial Instruments Business Operator registered with the Kanto Local Finance Bureau under registration number, Kinsho 2992, and a member of Japan Securities Dealers Association. South Africa: Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. is a licensed Financial Services Provider (license number 46621) with the Financial Sector Conduct Authority. TD Global Investment Solutions represents TD Asset Management Inc. ("TDAM") and Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. ("TD Epoch"). TDAM and TD Epoch are affiliates and wholly owned subsidiaries of The Toronto-Dominion Bank. New Zealand: This document is not an offer of financial products requiring disclosure under the Financial Markets Conduct Act 2013 (New Zealand).  This document is only for “wholesale investors” within the meaning of clause 3(2) of Schedule 1 of the Act and any offer of financial products will only be made to “wholesale investors”. Neither TDAM, TD Epoch, TD Global Investment Solutions nor The Toronto-Dominion Bank are a registered bank in New Zealand. TD Global Investment Solutions represents TD Asset Management Inc. ("TDAM") and Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. ("TD Epoch"). TDAM and TD Epoch are affiliates and wholly owned subsidiaries of The Toronto-Dominion Bank. ®The TD logo and other TD trademarks are the property of The Toronto-Dominion Bank or its subsidiaries. Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

The information contained herein is for information purposes only. The information has been drawn from sources believed to be reliable. Graphs and charts are used for illustrative purposes only and do not reflect future values or future performance of any investment. The information does not provide financial, legal, tax or investment advice. Particular investment, tax or trading strategies should be evaluated relative to each individual's objectives and risk tolerance. This material is not an offer to any person in any jurisdiction where unlawful or unauthorized. These materials have not been reviewed by and are not registered with any securities or other regulatory authority in jurisdictions where we operate. Any general discussion or opinions contained within these materials regarding securities or market conditions represent our view or the view of the source cited. Unless otherwise indicated, such view is as of the date noted and is subject to change. Information about the portfolio holdings, asset allocation or diversification is historical and is subject to change. This document may contain forward-looking statements (“FLS”). FLS reflect current expectations and projections about future events and/or outcomes based on data currently available. Such expectations and projections may be incorrect in the future as events which were not anticipated or considered in their formulation may occur and lead to results that differ materially from those expressed or implied. FLS are not guarantees of future performance and reliance on FLS should be avoided. No investment strategy or risk management technique can guarantee returns or eliminate risk in any market environment. Any characteristics, guidelines, constraints or other information provided for this material is representative of the investment strategy and is provided for illustrative purposes only. They may change at any time and may differ for a specific account. Each client account is individually managed; actual holdings will vary for each client and there is no guarantee that a particular client's account will have the same characteristics as described herein. Any information about the holdings, asset allocation, or sector diversification is historical and is not an indication of future performance or any future portfolio composition, which will vary. Portfolio holdings are representative of the strategy, are subject to change at any time and are not a recommendation to buy or sell a security. The securities identified and described do not represent all of the securities purchased, sold or recommended for the portfolio. It should not be assumed that an investment in these securities or sectors was or will be profitable. The securities disclosed may or may not be a current investment in any strategy. Any reference to a specific company listed herein does not constitute a recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities of such company, nor does it constitute a recommendation to invest directly in any such company. Any projections, targets, or estimates in this presentation are forward-looking statements and are based on our internal research, analysis, and assumptions. There can be no assurances that such projections, targets, or estimates will occur and the actual results may be materially different. Additional information about our assumptions is available upon request. Other events which were not taken into account in formulating such projections, targets, or estimates may occur and may significantly affect the returns or performance. For Jurisdictions Outside of Canada and the United States: This information is only intended for use in jurisdictions where its distribution or availability is consistent with local laws or regulations. This material is not an offer to any person in any jurisdiction where unlawful or unauthorized. These materials have not been reviewed by and are not registered with any securities or other regulatory authority in jurisdictions where we operate. Australia: Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. (ARBN: 636409320) holds an Australian Financial Services License (AFS License No: 5308587) and is incorporated in Delaware, USA (liability of members is limited). To the extent any statements contained in this document constitute financial product advice, those statements are issued by Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. The information contained herein is intended for wholesale clients and investors only as defined in the Corporations Act of 2001. Japan: For Japanese residents, please note that if you have received this document from The Toronto-Dominion Bank entities based outside Japan, it is being provided to qualified financial institutions (“QFI”) only under a relevant exemption to the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act. If you have received this document from TD Securities (Japan) Co., Ltd., it is being provided only to institutional investors. TD Securities (Japan) Co., Ltd. is regulated by the Financial Services Agency of Japan and is distributing this document in Japan as a Type 1 and Type 2 Financial Instruments Business Operator registered with the Kanto Local Finance Bureau under registration number, Kinsho 2992, and a member of Japan Securities Dealers Association. South Africa: Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. is a licensed Financial Services Provider (license number 46621) with the Financial Sector Conduct Authority. TD Global Investment Solutions represents TD Asset Management Inc. ("TDAM") and Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. ("TD Epoch"). TDAM and TD Epoch are affiliates and wholly owned subsidiaries of The Toronto-Dominion Bank. New Zealand: This document is not an offer of financial products requiring disclosure under the Financial Markets Conduct Act 2013 (New Zealand).  This document is only for “wholesale investors” within the meaning of clause 3(2) of Schedule 1 of the Act and any offer of financial products will only be made to “wholesale investors”. Neither TDAM, TD Epoch, TD Global Investment Solutions nor The Toronto-Dominion Bank are a registered bank in New Zealand. TD Global Investment Solutions represents TD Asset Management Inc. ("TDAM") and Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. ("TD Epoch"). TDAM and TD Epoch are affiliates and wholly owned subsidiaries of The Toronto-Dominion Bank. ®The TD logo and other TD trademarks are the property of The Toronto-Dominion Bank or its subsidiaries. Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

The information contained herein is for information purposes only. The information has been drawn from sources believed to be reliable. Graphs and charts are used for illustrative purposes only and do not reflect future values or future performance of any investment. The information does not provide financial, legal, tax or investment advice. Particular investment, tax or trading strategies should be evaluated relative to each individual's objectives and risk tolerance. This material is not an offer to any person in any jurisdiction where unlawful or unauthorized. These materials have not been reviewed by and are not registered with any securities or other regulatory authority in jurisdictions where we operate. Any general discussion or opinions contained within these materials regarding securities or market conditions represent our view or the view of the source cited. Unless otherwise indicated, such view is as of the date noted and is subject to change. Information about the portfolio holdings, asset allocation or diversification is historical and is subject to change. This document may contain forward-looking statements (“FLS”). FLS reflect current expectations and projections about future events and/or outcomes based on data currently available. Such expectations and projections may be incorrect in the future as events which were not anticipated or considered in their formulation may occur and lead to results that differ materially from those expressed or implied. FLS are not guarantees of future performance and reliance on FLS should be avoided. No investment strategy or risk management technique can guarantee returns or eliminate risk in any market environment. Any characteristics, guidelines, constraints or other information provided for this material is representative of the investment strategy and is provided for illustrative purposes only. They may change at any time and may differ for a specific account. Each client account is individually managed; actual holdings will vary for each client and there is no guarantee that a particular client's account will have the same characteristics as described herein. Any information about the holdings, asset allocation, or sector diversification is historical and is not an indication of future performance or any future portfolio composition, which will vary. Portfolio holdings are representative of the strategy, are subject to change at any time and are not a recommendation to buy or sell a security. The securities identified and described do not represent all of the securities purchased, sold or recommended for the portfolio. It should not be assumed that an investment in these securities or sectors was or will be profitable. The securities disclosed may or may not be a current investment in any strategy. Any reference to a specific company listed herein does not constitute a recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities of such company, nor does it constitute a recommendation to invest directly in any such company. Any projections, targets, or estimates in this presentation are forward-looking statements and are based on our internal research, analysis, and assumptions. There can be no assurances that such projections, targets, or estimates will occur and the actual results may be materially different. Additional information about our assumptions is available upon request. Other events which were not taken into account in formulating such projections, targets, or estimates may occur and may significantly affect the returns or performance. For Jurisdictions Outside of Canada and the United States: This information is only intended for use in jurisdictions where its distribution or availability is consistent with local laws or regulations. This material is not an offer to any person in any jurisdiction where unlawful or unauthorized. These materials have not been reviewed by and are not registered with any securities or other regulatory authority in jurisdictions where we operate. Australia: Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. (ARBN: 636409320) holds an Australian Financial Services License (AFS License No: 5308587) and is incorporated in Delaware, USA (liability of members is limited). To the extent any statements contained in this document constitute financial product advice, those statements are issued by Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. The information contained herein is intended for wholesale clients and investors only as defined in the Corporations Act of 2001. Japan: For Japanese residents, please note that if you have received this document from The Toronto-Dominion Bank entities based outside Japan, it is being provided to qualified financial institutions (“QFI”) only under a relevant exemption to the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act. If you have received this document from TD Securities (Japan) Co., Ltd., it is being provided only to institutional investors. TD Securities (Japan) Co., Ltd. is regulated by the Financial Services Agency of Japan and is distributing this document in Japan as a Type 1 and Type 2 Financial Instruments Business Operator registered with the Kanto Local Finance Bureau under registration number, Kinsho 2992, and a member of Japan Securities Dealers Association. South Africa: Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. is a licensed Financial Services Provider (license number 46621) with the Financial Sector Conduct Authority. TD Global Investment Solutions represents TD Asset Management Inc. ("TDAM") and Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. ("TD Epoch"). TDAM and TD Epoch are affiliates and wholly owned subsidiaries of The Toronto-Dominion Bank. New Zealand: This document is not an offer of financial products requiring disclosure under the Financial Markets Conduct Act 2013 (New Zealand).  This document is only for “wholesale investors” within the meaning of clause 3(2) of Schedule 1 of the Act and any offer of financial products will only be made to “wholesale investors”. Neither TDAM, TD Epoch, TD Global Investment Solutions nor The Toronto-Dominion Bank are a registered bank in New Zealand. TD Global Investment Solutions represents TD Asset Management Inc. ("TDAM") and Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. ("TD Epoch"). TDAM and TD Epoch are affiliates and wholly owned subsidiaries of The Toronto-Dominion Bank. ®The TD logo and other TD trademarks are the property of The Toronto-Dominion Bank or its subsidiaries. Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

The information contained herein is for information purposes only. The information has been drawn from sources believed to be reliable. Graphs and charts are used for illustrative purposes only and do not reflect future values or future performance of any investment. The information does not provide financial, legal, tax or investment advice. Particular investment, tax or trading strategies should be evaluated relative to each individual's objectives and risk tolerance. This material is not an offer to any person in any jurisdiction where unlawful or unauthorized. These materials have not been reviewed by and are not registered with any securities or other regulatory authority in jurisdictions where we operate. Any general discussion or opinions contained within these materials regarding securities or market conditions represent our view or the view of the source cited. Unless otherwise indicated, such view is as of the date noted and is subject to change. Information about the portfolio holdings, asset allocation or diversification is historical and is subject to change. This document may contain forward-looking statements (“FLS”). FLS reflect current expectations and projections about future events and/or outcomes based on data currently available. Such expectations and projections may be incorrect in the future as events which were not anticipated or considered in their formulation may occur and lead to results that differ materially from those expressed or implied. FLS are not guarantees of future performance and reliance on FLS should be avoided. No investment strategy or risk management technique can guarantee returns or eliminate risk in any market environment. Any characteristics, guidelines, constraints or other information provided for this material is representative of the investment strategy and is provided for illustrative purposes only. They may change at any time and may differ for a specific account. Each client account is individually managed; actual holdings will vary for each client and there is no guarantee that a particular client's account will have the same characteristics as described herein. Any information about the holdings, asset allocation, or sector diversification is historical and is not an indication of future performance or any future portfolio composition, which will vary. Portfolio holdings are representative of the strategy, are subject to change at any time and are not a recommendation to buy or sell a security. The securities identified and described do not represent all of the securities purchased, sold or recommended for the portfolio. It should not be assumed that an investment in these securities or sectors was or will be profitable. The securities disclosed may or may not be a current investment in any strategy. Any reference to a specific company listed herein does not constitute a recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities of such company, nor does it constitute a recommendation to invest directly in any such company. Any projections, targets, or estimates in this presentation are forward-looking statements and are based on our internal research, analysis, and assumptions. There can be no assurances that such projections, targets, or estimates will occur and the actual results may be materially different. Additional information about our assumptions is available upon request. Other events which were not taken into account in formulating such projections, targets, or estimates may occur and may significantly affect the returns or performance. For Jurisdictions Outside of Canada and the United States: This information is only intended for use in jurisdictions where its distribution or availability is consistent with local laws or regulations. This material is not an offer to any person in any jurisdiction where unlawful or unauthorized. These materials have not been reviewed by and are not registered with any securities or other regulatory authority in jurisdictions where we operate. Australia: Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. (ARBN: 636409320) holds an Australian Financial Services License (AFS License No: 5308587) and is incorporated in Delaware, USA (liability of members is limited). To the extent any statements contained in this document constitute financial product advice, those statements are issued by Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. The information contained herein is intended for wholesale clients and investors only as defined in the Corporations Act of 2001. Japan: For Japanese residents, please note that if you have received this document from The Toronto-Dominion Bank entities based outside Japan, it is being provided to qualified financial institutions (“QFI”) only under a relevant exemption to the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act. If you have received this document from TD Securities (Japan) Co., Ltd., it is being provided only to institutional investors. TD Securities (Japan) Co., Ltd. is regulated by the Financial Services Agency of Japan and is distributing this document in Japan as a Type 1 and Type 2 Financial Instruments Business Operator registered with the Kanto Local Finance Bureau under registration number, Kinsho 2992, and a member of Japan Securities Dealers Association. South Africa: Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. is a licensed Financial Services Provider (license number 46621) with the Financial Sector Conduct Authority. TD Global Investment Solutions represents TD Asset Management Inc. ("TDAM") and Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. ("TD Epoch"). TDAM and TD Epoch are affiliates and wholly owned subsidiaries of The Toronto-Dominion Bank. New Zealand: This document is not an offer of financial products requiring disclosure under the Financial Markets Conduct Act 2013 (New Zealand).  This document is only for “wholesale investors” within the meaning of clause 3(2) of Schedule 1 of the Act and any offer of financial products will only be made to “wholesale investors”. Neither TDAM, TD Epoch, TD Global Investment Solutions nor The Toronto-Dominion Bank are a registered bank in New Zealand. TD Global Investment Solutions represents TD Asset Management Inc. ("TDAM") and Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. ("TD Epoch"). TDAM and TD Epoch are affiliates and wholly owned subsidiaries of The Toronto-Dominion Bank. ®The TD logo and other TD trademarks are the property of The Toronto-Dominion Bank or its subsidiaries. Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

The information contained herein is for information purposes only. The information has been drawn from sources believed to be reliable. Graphs and charts are used for illustrative purposes only and do not reflect future values or future performance of any investment. The information does not provide financial, legal, tax or investment advice. Particular investment, tax or trading strategies should be evaluated relative to each individual's objectives and risk tolerance. This material is not an offer to any person in any jurisdiction where unlawful or unauthorized. These materials have not been reviewed by and are not registered with any securities or other regulatory authority in jurisdictions where we operate. Any general discussion or opinions contained within these materials regarding securities or market conditions represent our view or the view of the source cited. Unless otherwise indicated, such view is as of the date noted and is subject to change. Information about the portfolio holdings, asset allocation or diversification is historical and is subject to change. This document may contain forward-looking statements (“FLS”). FLS reflect current expectations and projections about future events and/or outcomes based on data currently available. Such expectations and projections may be incorrect in the future as events which were not anticipated or considered in their formulation may occur and lead to results that differ materially from those expressed or implied. FLS are not guarantees of future performance and reliance on FLS should be avoided. No investment strategy or risk management technique can guarantee returns or eliminate risk in any market environment. Any characteristics, guidelines, constraints or other information provided for this material is representative of the investment strategy and is provided for illustrative purposes only. They may change at any time and may differ for a specific account. Each client account is individually managed; actual holdings will vary for each client and there is no guarantee that a particular client's account will have the same characteristics as described herein. Any information about the holdings, asset allocation, or sector diversification is historical and is not an indication of future performance or any future portfolio composition, which will vary. Portfolio holdings are representative of the strategy, are subject to change at any time and are not a recommendation to buy or sell a security. The securities identified and described do not represent all of the securities purchased, sold or recommended for the portfolio. It should not be assumed that an investment in these securities or sectors was or will be profitable. The securities disclosed may or may not be a current investment in any strategy. Any reference to a specific company listed herein does not constitute a recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities of such company, nor does it constitute a recommendation to invest directly in any such company. Any projections, targets, or estimates in this presentation are forward-looking statements and are based on our internal research, analysis, and assumptions. There can be no assurances that such projections, targets, or estimates will occur and the actual results may be materially different. Additional information about our assumptions is available upon request. Other events which were not taken into account in formulating such projections, targets, or estimates may occur and may significantly affect the returns or performance. For Jurisdictions Outside of Canada and the United States: This information is only intended for use in jurisdictions where its distribution or availability is consistent with local laws or regulations. This material is not an offer to any person in any jurisdiction where unlawful or unauthorized. These materials have not been reviewed by and are not registered with any securities or other regulatory authority in jurisdictions where we operate. Australia: Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. (ARBN: 636409320) holds an Australian Financial Services License (AFS License No: 5308587) and is incorporated in Delaware, USA (liability of members is limited). To the extent any statements contained in this document constitute financial product advice, those statements are issued by Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. The information contained herein is intended for wholesale clients and investors only as defined in the Corporations Act of 2001. Japan: For Japanese residents, please note that if you have received this document from The Toronto-Dominion Bank entities based outside Japan, it is being provided to qualified financial institutions (“QFI”) only under a relevant exemption to the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act. If you have received this document from TD Securities (Japan) Co., Ltd., it is being provided only to institutional investors. TD Securities (Japan) Co., Ltd. is regulated by the Financial Services Agency of Japan and is distributing this document in Japan as a Type 1 and Type 2 Financial Instruments Business Operator registered with the Kanto Local Finance Bureau under registration number, Kinsho 2992, and a member of Japan Securities Dealers Association. South Africa: Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. is a licensed Financial Services Provider (license number 46621) with the Financial Sector Conduct Authority. TD Global Investment Solutions represents TD Asset Management Inc. ("TDAM") and Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. ("TD Epoch"). TDAM and TD Epoch are affiliates and wholly owned subsidiaries of The Toronto-Dominion Bank. New Zealand: This document is not an offer of financial products requiring disclosure under the Financial Markets Conduct Act 2013 (New Zealand).  This document is only for “wholesale investors” within the meaning of clause 3(2) of Schedule 1 of the Act and any offer of financial products will only be made to “wholesale investors”. Neither TDAM, TD Epoch, TD Global Investment Solutions nor The Toronto-Dominion Bank are a registered bank in New Zealand. TD Global Investment Solutions represents TD Asset Management Inc. ("TDAM") and Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. ("TD Epoch"). TDAM and TD Epoch are affiliates and wholly owned subsidiaries of The Toronto-Dominion Bank. ®The TD logo and other TD trademarks are the property of The Toronto-Dominion Bank or its subsidiaries. Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.