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Approach to workup of cholangitis, chronic cholecystitis, Gallstone Ileus, Cholangiocarcinoma including Klatskin tumor, Carcinoma of GB and Pancreas At the end some house-cleaning on iatrogenic complications of gallstone disease after ERCP and other procedures are discussed (including bile duct injury and bile leak); For SOD refer to previous episode on cholecystitis management and complications of cholecystectomy.

Question-based Review of Cholecystitis workup and management followed by addressing the complications of cholecystectomy.

Both Pathophysiology and Clinical Aspects of gallstone disorders are discussed followed by important hints on differential diagnosis of gallstone disease from one another and from their complications, most specifically from cholecystitis and cholangitis.

Question-based review of workup for hepatic neoplasms.

Questions & cases regarding diagnostic workup and management for PBC, PSC, Alcoholic & Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (steatosis, steatohepatitis), and Vascular Hepatopathy

High-Yield Question-based review & cases of conditions associated with abnormal iron & copper metabolism

Question-based review of differential diagnosis in chronic HBV vs HCV infection.

High-Yield question-based review of cases in hepatitis B pathophysiology.

Questions-based review of risk factors, differential diagnosis and management of acute viral hepatitis A, D , E . Included co-infection, Superinfection, diagnostic workup (screening and confirmatory) and management options with discussion of post-exposure prophylaxis for HAV infection.

High-Yield cases & Question-based Review of 2 important complications of Cirrhosis (SOAP format). (For other complications look at hepatic encephalopathy in Acute liver failure and for Peritonitis to the previous episode)

Following the SOAP approach, we review Subjective, Objective, Assessment & Plan for Ascites & Peritonitis. Exudative versus Transudative classification compared to new SAAG-based classification are discussed for differential diagnosis. Values of SAAG in relation to Protein content, Cell count, LDH and Glucose and pH values as well as major risk factors are discussed to differentiate primary (spontaneous) versus 2ndary bacterial peritonitis. and management guidelines provided. Needs some mathematical understanding of SAAG formula and couple exceptions to the rules (as discussed).

Following our SOAP format we have a question-based discussion of Subjective (epidemiology, risk factors, patients complaints), Objective (PhEx findings, lab assessment results), Assessment (of possible etiologic differential diagnosis) and Plan for management of cirrhosis.