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In the 2025 Howloween Spooktacular, Lauren and JJ discuss the associations between black cats and Halloween, including the origins of black cat lore and black cats in popular culture. References: (1) Yuko, E. (2021). Why black cats are associated with halloween and bad luck. History. https://www.history.com/articles/black-cats-superstitions. Accessed October 11, 2025. (2) Cat-Sith. (2025). Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat-s%C3%ACth. Accessed October 11, 2025. (3) Farell, S. (2024). Cats, symbolism and the 16th century witch craze. Cheshire & Wain. https://www.cheshireandwain.com/blogs/journal/cats-and-the-16th-century-witch-craze. Accessed October 11, 2025. (4) Bedtime History. (2023). History of black cats and crows of Halloween [Podcast transcript]. https://bedtimehistorystories.com/history-of-black-cats-and-crows-of-halloween/. Accessed October 11, 2025.

Lauren and JJ discuss a case report from 2000: myiasis in a Thoroughbred gelding in Florida. Why was this case significant, and why was a major government response necessary? This episode includes a thorough review of myiasis caused by the new world screwworm fly (Cochliomyia hominovorax). References: United States Department of Agriculture. (2025, September 3). Module 41: New World Screwworm. National Veterinary Accreditation Program Modules for Accreditation Renewal. Accessed September 14, 2025. https://www.aphis.usda.gov/nvap/training-modules United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. (2025, August 24). New World Screwworm. Accessed September 14, 2025. USDA. https://www.aphis.usda.gov/livestock-poultry-disease/cattle/ticks/screwworm The Panama-United States Commission for the Eradication and Prevention of Screwworm Infestation in Livestock (COPEG). (2025). Accessed September 14, 2025. COPEG. https://www.copeg.org/en/ United States Department of Agriculture. (2024, December 28). Pesticides to potentially use against new world screwworm. Accessed September 14, 2025. https://www.aphis.usda.gov/sites/default/files/pesticides-for-nws.pdf United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2025, August 27). About new world screwworm. CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/new-world-screwworm/about/index.html National Public Radio. (2025, August 25). The U.S. confirms its first human case of new world screwworm: what is it? NPR. Accessed September 14, 2025. https://www.npr.org/2025/08/25/nx-s1-5515487/new-world-screwworm-us-human-case Beck, L. (2025, September 9). Veterinarians asked to be alert for screwworm infestations. Veterinary Information Network. Accessed September 14, 2025. https://news.vin.com/default.aspx?pid=210&Id=12840615&f5=1 Cutolo, A. A., Perrier, N., Menz, I., Thyssen, P., Silva, F. O., & Beugnet, F. (2021). Efficacy of afoxolaner (NexGard) on the treatment of myiasis caused by the new world screwworm fly Cochliomyia hominovorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in naturally infested dogs. Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports, 24(0), 100569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vprsr.2021.100569 McCullough, C. (2025, May 27). USDA confirms reports of new world screwworm in the U.S. are false. RFDTV. Accessed September 14, 2025. https://www.rfdtv.com/usda-confirms-reports-of-new-world-screwworm-in-the-u-s-are-false Correia, T. R., Scott, F. B., Verocai, G. G., Souza, C. P., Fernandes, J. I., Melo, R. M. P. S., Vieira, V. P. C., & Ribeiro, F. A. (2010). Larvicidal efficacy of nitenpyram on the treatment of myiasis caused by Cochliomyia hominovorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in dogs. Veterinary Parasitology, 173(1-2), 169-172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.06.019 Muchiut, S., Miro, M. V., Anziani, O., Nava, S., & Lifschitz, A. (2024). Failure of doramectin and ivermectin in prevention Cochliomyia hominivorax myiasis in a subtropical region: A pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic study. Veterinary Parasitology, 334, 110384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110384 American Veterinary Medical Association. (April 1, 2000). Screwworm turns heads in Florida. Accessed September 14, 2025. https://www.avma.org/javma-news/2000-04-15/screwworm-turns-heads-florida Alexander, J. L. (2006). Screwworms. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 228(3), 357-367. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.228.3.357

Lauren and JJ discuss the changing landscape of technology in veterinary medicine, including a recent change in the Georgia veterinary practice act that yielded unexpected consequences. References: (1) Wogan, L. (2025). Georgia pet owners lose access to pet poison hotlines. VIN News Service. Last accessed on 8/15/25: https://news.vin.com/default.aspx?pid=210&catId=620&Id=12781210 (2) Wogan, L. (2025). Ohio lawmakers loosen veterinary telemedicine rule. VIN News Service. Last accessed on 8/15/25: https://news.vin.com/default.aspx?pid=210&Id=12755728&f5=1 (3) (2018). Alabama Veterinary Practice Act. Last accessed on 8/15/25: https://asbvme.alabama.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Alabama_Practice_Act_and_Administrative_Code_Updated_Working_Copy_2018_3_5_2019.pdf

Lauren and JJ investigate a case of chronic coughing in a dog. Today's episode includes an in-depth review of coccidiodomycosis in dogs. References: (1) Fisher, A., Brister, J., & Morgan, R. (2024). Coccidioidomycosis, zoonotic, canine. VINcyclopedia of Diseases. Accessed July 7, 2025. www.vin.com. (2) Rishniw, M. (2017). Chronic bronchitis. Medical FAQs. Accessed July 7, 2025. www.vin.com. (3) McKiernan, B. (2025). Coughing, sneezing, gagging: Interpreting history and physical exam findings in animals with respiratory disease. Medical FAQs. Accessed July 7, 2025. www.vin.com. (4) Kittleson, M. (2017). Diagnosing CHF in dogs: The golden rules. Medical FAQs. Accessed July 7, 2025. www.vin.com. (5) Donovan, F. M., Fernandez, O. M., Bains, G. & DiPompo, L. (2025). Coccidioidomycosis: A growing global concern. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 80(1), i40-i49. https://academic.oup.com/jac/article/80/Supplement_1/i40/8078712

Lauren and JJ discuss a case of rabies in a human organ transplant recipient and a new e-book on the spectrum of care in veterinary medicine. References: (1) Salzman, S. & Kekatos, M. (2025). Michigan resident dies of rabies after undergoing organ transplant in Ohio: Officials. ABC News. https://abcnews.go.com/Health/michigan-resident-dies-rabies-after-undergoing-organ-transplant/story?id=120217114 (2) Richardson, R. (2025). After Michigan patient dies of rabies from a transplanted kidney, donor's other recipients get preventative shots. NBC News. https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/rabies-organ-transplant-death-michigan-rcna198265 (3) Centers for Disease Control. (2004). Investigation of rabies infections in organ donor and transplant recipients: Alabama, Arkansas, Oklahoma, and Texas, 2004. Morbidity and Mortality Wekly Report. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5326a6.htm (4) Clinician's Brief. (2025). E-Book: Embracing Spectrum of Care in Veterinary Medicine. https://www.qgdigitalpublishing.com/publication/?i=831194&p

Lauren and JJ investigate the cause of hyphema in a dog patient. This episode includes an overview of persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous, persistent hyperplasitc tunica vasculosa lentis, and other developmental eye diseases in the dog. References: (1) Davis, R. (2021). Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (canine). VINcyclopedia of Diseases. www.vin.com. Last accessed 3/19/2025. (2) Giuliano, E. A. (2019). Here's lookin' at you, kid: The essential eye exam. Chicago Vet Conference Proceedings, 2019. www.vin.com. Last accessed 3/19/2025. (3) Rothrock K. (2021). Von willebrand disease (canine). VINcyclopedia of Diseases. www.vin.com. Last accessed 3/19/2025. (4) Morgan, R. V., Wise, E., Newbold, G., Church, M. L., Herring, I. P. (2024). Retinal detachment (canine). VINcyclopedia of Diseases. www.vin.com. Last accessed 3/19/2025. (5) Dacanay, S., Newbold, G., Hamor, R. A. (2023). Hyphema (canine). VINcyclopedia of Diseases. www.vin.com. Last accessed 3/19/2025.

Lauren and JJ answer mail from a listener whose anxiety is interfering with their work life. Resources: (1) Huecker, M. R., Shreffler, J., McKeny, P. T., & Davis, D. (2023). Imposter Phenomenon. StatPearls. National Library of Medicine. Accessed 2/11/2025. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK585058/ (2) Imposter syndrome. Psychology Today. Accessed 2/11/2025. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/imposter-syndrome (3) Villwock, J. A., Sobin, L. B., Koester, L. A., & Harris, T. M. (2016). Imposter syndrome and burnout among American medical students: A pilot study. International Journal of Medical Education, 2016 Oct 31, 364-369. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5116369/ (4) Sullivan, J. B., & Ryba, N. L. (2020). Prevalence of impostor phenomenon and assessment of well-being in pharmacy residents. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 77(9), 690-696. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32201891/

Lauren and JJ discuss avian influenza. This episode was recorded January 27, 2025. Resources: NOTE: Resources denoted by an asterisk are CDC references that may have been altered between recording of this episode on 1/27/2025 and publication of the epiosode on 2/5/2025. As of 2/5/2025, all of these resources contain the announcement "CDC’s website is being modified to comply with President Trump’s Executive Orders," which was not present at the time of episode research. (1) University of Nebraska Medical Center. HPAI H5N1 (Avian Influenza). Accessed 1/27/2025. https://www.unmc.edu/healthsecurity/health-emergencies/avian-flu-h5n1.html (2) Nolen, R. S. & Larkin, M. Novel bird flu strain continues to threaten animal, public health: Government response strengthened as outbreak nears fourth year. Published 12/30/2024. Accessed 1/27/2025. https://www.avma.org/news/novel-bird-flu-strain-continues-threaten-animal-public-health (3) * Centers for Disease Control. Highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus: Interim recommendations for prevention, monitoring, and public health investigations. Published 12/26/2024. Accessed 1/27/2025. https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/prevention/hpai-interim-recommendations.html (4) * Current situation: Bird flu in dairy cows. Accessed 1/ 27/2025. https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/situation-summary/mammals.html (5) Alabama Department of Agriculture and Industries. Highly pathogenic avian influenza confimred in an Alabama commercial broiler farm and a backyard flock. Published 12/16/2024. Accessed 1/27/2025. https://agi.alabama.gov/animalindustries/2024/12/highly-pathogenic-avian-influenza-confirmed-in-an-alabama-commercial-broiler-farm-and-a-backyard-flock/#:~:text=%E2%80%93%20The%20Alabama%20Department%20of%20Agriculture,backyard%20flock%20in%20Pickens%20County (6) Alabama Department of Public Health. Avian influenza: Bird flu. Powerpoint presentation. Accessed 1/27/2025. https://www.alabamapublichealth.gov/infectiousdiseases/assets/avianflu_presentation.pdf (7) * Centers for Disease Control. Prevention and antiviral treatment of avian influenza A viruses in people. Published 7/19/2024. Accessed 1/27/2025. https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/prevention/index.html (8) * Centers for Disease Control. H5 Bird Flu: Current Situation. Accessed 1/27/2025. https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/situation-summary/index.html (9) Alabama Department of Agriculture and Industries. Avian influenza. Accessed 1/27/2025. https://agi.alabama.gov/animalindustries/animal-health/avian-influenza/ (10) * Centers for Disease Control. First H5 bird flu death reported in United States. Published 1/6/2025. Accessed 1/27/2025. https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2025/m0106-h5-birdflu-death.html (11) * Centers for Disease Control. Genetic sequences of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) viruses identified in a person in Louisiana. Published 12/16/2024. Accessed 1/27/2025. https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/spotlights/h5n1-response-12232024.html (12) Louisiana Department of Health. LDH reports first U.S. H5N1-related human death. Published 1/6/2025. Accessed 1/27/2025. https://ldh.la.gov/news/H5N1-death (13) * Centers for Disease Control. Prevention and antiviral treatment of avian influenza A viruses in people. Published 7/19/2024. Accessed 1/27/2025. https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/prevention/index.html (14) Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University. Avian influenza outbreak: Should you take down your bird feeders? Accessed 1/27/2025. https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/avian-influenza-outbreak-should-you-take-down-your-bird-feeders/

Lauren and JJ discuss feline demodicosis, a recent scam targeting veterinarians, and a recent human Rabies death in the US. Resources: (1) Rothrock, K., & Tater, K. (2023). Demodectic mange (feline). VINcyclopedia of Diseases. www.vin.com (2) Azaria, H., & Defalque, V. E. (2023). Isoxazalines for treating canine and feline otodectic mange; feline demodicosis, lynxacariasis, lice infestation, and notoedric mange (scabies); demodicosis in hamsters; and sarcoptic and psoroptic manges in rabbits. The Canadian Veterinary Journal, 64(11), 1066-1070. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10581354/ (3) Chuenngam, T., Chermprapai, S. (2024). Successful treatment of non-pruritus, excessive hair shedding and scales in a cat due to Demodex gatoi with fluralaner topical spot-on. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports, 10(1), no page number listed. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/epub/10.1177/20551169241246866 (4) Beck, L. (2025). Sham veterinarian 'Dr. J' returns. VIN News Service. https://news.vin.com/default.aspx?pid=210&Id=12458621&f5=1 (5) Kentucky Department for Public Health reports human death from rabies. Statewide News Release, Cabinet for Health and Family Services. Dec 27, 2024. https://www.chfs.ky.gov/News/Documents/Kentucky%20Department%20for%20Public%20Health%20Reports%20Human%20Death%20from%20Rabies.pdf

Lauren and JJ welcome special guest Dr. Shelby Agnew to the podcast for our first "Ghosts of Christmas Past" episode! This episode contains a review of canine demodecosis. References: (1) Rothrock, K., Tater, K., & Shell, L. (2023). Demodectic mange (canine). VINcyclopedia of Diseases. www.vin.com (2) Walther, F. M., Paul, A. J., Allan, M. J., Roepke, R. K. A., & Nuernberger, M. C. (2014). Safety of fluralaner, a novel systemic antiparasitic drug, in MDR1(-/-) collies after oral administration. Parasites & Vectors, 7(0), 86. (3) Becskei, C., Liebenberg, J., Fernandes, T., et al. (2024). Efficacy of a chewable tablet containing sarolaner, moxidectin, and pyrantel for the treatment of generalized demodicosis. in dogs. Veterinary Dermatology, 36(1), 34-42. (4) Fadok, V. A. (2016). What's new with demodicosis and scabies. Atlantic Coast Veteirnary Conference 2016 Proceedings. (5) Sheinberg, G. (2021). Parasitic skin disease: Still a problem. Western Veterinary Conference 2021 Proceedings. Special Guest: Shelby Agnew.

Lauren and JJ review what's in and what's out for veterinary medicine in 2025. Resources: (1) Clinician's Brief meme, Ins/Outs for Vet Med in 2025: https://www.instagram.com/p/DEG7VOAsHSX/?utm_source=ig_web_copy_link&igsh=MzRlODBiNWFlZA== (2) Stubing, H., Suchodolski, J. S., Reisinger, A., et al. (2024). The effect of metronidazole versus a synbiotic on clinical course and core intestinal microbiota in dogs with acute diarrhea. Veterinary Sciences, 11(5), 197. https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/11/5/197 (3) Wikipedia entry for Joey Chestnut: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joey_Chestnut

Lauren and JJ discuss the AVMA ELVES program, reindeer eye color changes, penguin couple updates, and Christmas movie recommendations. Resources: 1) Join the E.L.V.E.S. to help Santa spread cheer in your clinic. American Veterinary Medical Association. https://www.avma.org/blog/join-elves-help-santa-and-spread-cheer-your-clinic 2) Stokkan, K., Folkow, L., Dukes, J., et al. (2013). Shifting mirrors: Adaptive changes in retinal reflections to winter darkness in Arctic reindeer. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 280(1773), article ID 20132451. https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rspb.2013.2451 3) Ollivier, F. J., Samuelson, D. A., Brooks, D. E., et al. (2004). Comparative morphology of the tapetum lucidum (among selected species). Veterinary Ophthalmology, 7(1), 11-22. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14738502/ 4) Turnbull, T. (2024). One half of world-famous gay penguin couple dies. British Broadcasting Corporation. https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c1w78ylrq8jo 5) Carstens, E. A. (2021). What's with all the gay penguins? Museum at Tufts University. https://sites.tufts.edu/museumstudents/2021/02/22/whats-with-all-the-gay-penguins/ 6) Minnesota Department of Health. (2024). State reports rare human death from rabies. https://www.health.state.mn.us/news/pressrel/2024/rabies092724.html 7) CBS News. (2024). California teacher dies after being bitten by a bat inside her classroom. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/california-teacher-dies-bitten-bat-classroom/

Lauren and JJ continue to investigate a case of coughing and respiratory distress in a dog patient. Part 2 of 2. Resources: 1) Rothrock, K., Fingeroth, J. M., & Shell, L. (2021). Laryngeal paralysis (canine). VINcyclopedia of Diseases. www.vin.com. Last accessed 12/16/2024. 2) Marvel, S. (2019). Laryngeal paralysis: Diagnosis and step by step surgical management. Southwest Veterinary Symposium Proceedings 2019. 3) Rishniw, M., Sammarco, J., Glass, E. N., et al. (2021). Effect of doxepin on quality of life in Labradors with laryngeal paralysis: A double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 35(4), 1943-1949. 4) Findji, L. (2017). Treatment of laryngeal paralysis. World Small Animal Veterinary Association Congress Proceedings 2017. 5) Wilson, D., & Monnet, E. (2016). Risk factors for the development of aspiration pneumonia after unilateral arytenoid lateralization in dogs with laryngeal paralysis: 232 cases (1987-2012). Journal of the American Veteirnary Medical Association, 248(2), 188-194. 6) Bookbinder, L. C., Flanders, J., Bookbinder, P. F., et al. (2016). Idiopathic canine laryngeal paralysis as one sign of a diffuse polyneuropathy: An observational study of 90 cases (2007-2013). Veterinary Surgery, 45(2), 245-260.

In this 2-part case, Lauren and JJ investigate a case of difficulty breathing and coughing in a dog patient. This episode includes a review of aspiration pneumonia in the dog. Resources: Rothrock, K., & Brister, J. (2021). Pneumonia (Canine). VINcyclopedia of Diseases. www.vin.com Lee-Fowler, T., Reinero, C., & Greene, C. E. (2012). Bacterial respiratory infections. Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat, 4th edition. St. Louis, Saunders Elsevier, pp 945-948. Dear, J. D. (2020). Bacterial pneumonia in dogs and cats: An update. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 50(2), pp 447-465. Kogan, D. A. (2008). Clinical, clinicopathologic, and radiographic findings in dogs with aspiration pneumonia: 88 cases (2004-2006). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 233(11), 1742-1747. Tart, K. M., Babski, D. M., & Lee, A. L. (2010). Potential risks, prognositic indicators, and diagnostic and treatment modalities affective survival in dogs with presumptive aspiration pneumonia: 125 cases (2005-2008). Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care, 20(3), pp 319-329. Weese, S. J. (2016). Antibiotic treatment of respiratory tract infections. Southwest Veterinary Symposium Proceedings. Lappin, M. R., Blondeau, J., Boothe, D., Breitschwerdt, E. B., Guardabassi, L., Lloyd, D. H., Papich, M. G., Rankin, S. C., Sykes, J. E., Turnidge, J., & Weese, J. S. (2017). Antimicrobial use guidelines for treatment of respiratory tract disease in dogs and cats: Antimicrobial guidelines working group of the international society of companion animal infecious diseases. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 31(2), pp 297-294. Wayne, A., Davis, M., Sinnott, V. B., et al. (2017). Outcomes in dogs with uncomplicated presumptive bacterial pneumonia treated with short or long course antibiotics. Canadian Veterinary Journal, 58(6), 610-613. Kogan, D. A., Johnson, L. R., Sturges, B. K., et al. (2008). Etiology and clinical outcome in dogs with aspiration pneumonia: 88 cases (2004-2006). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 322(11), 1748-1755. Darcy, H. P., Humm, K., & ter Harr, G. (2018). Retrospective analysis of incidence, clinical features, potential risk factors, and prognostic indicators for aspiration pneumonia in three brachycephalic dog breeds. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 253(7), 869-876.

Lauren and JJ investigate a case of lethargy, inappetence, vomiting, and distended abdomen in a cat. This episode is part 2 of 2. This episode contains a detailed review of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). Resources: Rothrock, K., & Brister, J. (2024). Feline infectious peritonitis (feline). VINcyclopedia of Diseases. www.vin.com Coggins, S. J., et al. (2023). Outcomes of treatment of cats with feline infectious peritonitis using parenterally administered remdesivir, with or without transition to orally administered GS-441524. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 37(5), 1772-1783. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jvim.16803 Taylor, S. S., et al. (2023). Retrospective study and outcome of 307 cats with feline infectious peritonitis treated with legally sourced veterinary compounded preparations of remdesivir and GS-441524 (2020-2022). Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 25(9). https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1098612X231194460 Wogan, L. (2024). Confusion besets first legal FIP treatment in us (updated). VIN News Service. https://news.vin.com/default.aspx?pid=210&Id=11910939&sx=239128590&n=1&f5=1 Wogan, L. (2024). Overdue good news arrives for FIP cats in the US. VIN News Service. https://news.vin.com/default.aspx?pid=210&Id=12090343&f5=1 FIP Resources for Veterinarians. Stokes Pharmacy. Last accessed November 19, 2024. https://www.stokespharmacy.com/fip/veterinary-resources/ Green, J., et al. (2023). Thirty-two cats with effusive or non-effusive feline infectious peritonitis treated with a combination of remdesivir and GS-441524. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 37(5), 1784-1793. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jvim.16804 Murphy, B. G., et al. (2018). The nucleoside analog GS-441524 strongly inhibits feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) virus in tissue culture and experimental cat infection studies. Veterinary Microbiology, 219(0), 226-233. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378113518301603?via%3Dihub Pedersen, N. C., et al. (2019). Efficacy and safety of the nucleoside analog GS-441524 for treatment of cats with naturally occurring feline infectious peritonitis. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 21(4), 271-281. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1098612X19825701 Kent, A. M., et al. (2024). Unlicensed antiviral products used for the at-home treatment of feline infectious peritonitis contain GS-441524 at significantly different amounts than advertised. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 262(4), 489-497. https://avmajournals.avma.org/view/journals/javma/262/4/javma.23.08.0466.xml Allinder, M., et al. (2024). Uroliths composed of antiviral compound GS-441524 in 2 cats undergoing treatment for feline infectious peritonitis. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 38(1), 370-374. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jvim.16954 United States Food and Drug Administration. (2024). FDA announces position on use of compounded GS-441524 to treat FIP. Last accessed November 19, 2024. https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/cvm-updates/fda-announces-position-use-compounded-gs-441524-treat-fip