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Algorithms can react in microseconds, process vast amounts of data and execute thousands of trades at a scale no human could match. But can they sense when the market regime is changing? And can AI ever replicate the intuition of an experienced trader? In this episode of the 360T Podcast, FX industry veteran Stephen Flanagan explores the evolving relationship between human judgment and automation in modern FX trading. With a career spanning more than four decades — including as Executive Director and Global FX e-Commerce Risk Manager at J.P. Morgan — Flanagan has witnessed the market’s transformation from human-led trading to sophisticated automation firsthand. He examines whether trader intuition is simply data we haven’t learned to measure yet, why algorithms can struggle when familiar market patterns suddenly break, and how both humans and machines can be vulnerable to bias. For Flanagan, the future isn’t about choosing between humans and machines. It’s about harnessing the strengths of both. Algorithms bring speed, scale and disciplined execution; humans bring contextual judgment, regime awareness and oversight. The key is building the right “harness” around increasingly powerful technology — allowing machines to do what they do best while keeping human experience firmly in the loop. A fascinating conversation about AI, trader intuition and why the future of FX trading may depend less on choosing between humans and machines, and more on learning how to make them work together.

Tibor Gergely, Head of e-FX Liquidity at Commerzbank, joins the 360T Podcast to discuss the evolving structure of electronic FX markets and the growing role of data, automation, and pricing intelligence across Spot and Swaps trading. Drawing on extensive market-making experience, he explores how liquidity providers build pricing from fragmented market data, the continued electronification of Swaps, and the operational challenges of managing global FX liquidity. Gergely also examines how market makers assess liquidity quality, execution performance, and market impact in an increasingly data-driven environment. From RFQ analysis and flow profitability to real-time risk optimisation, he explains how FX participants are using technology and quantitative analysis to refine pricing and strengthen client relationships. Finally, Gergely shares his perspective on the electronification of FX Swaps through platforms such as 360T’s Swaps User Network (SUN), highlighting the benefits of greater transparency, execution certainty, and efficiency — while also addressing the technological and risk-management demands facing liquidity providers.

Santhosh Srinivasan, Group Treasurer at Nium, joins the 360T Podcast to explore the unique FX challenges facing fintechs operating in a 24/7 business environment across global payment corridors. Drawing on experience at both banks and fintechs, he examines how the treasury function has evolved from a pure operations role into a critical revenue and risk driver — and why getting treasury right from the outset is essential for scaling companies. Santhosh discusses the complexities of managing FX exposure across exotic markets, the dynamic hedging strategies required in an era of constant geopolitical volatility, and how technology and proper tooling unlock the visibility needed to operate at scale. He also shares how treasury performance can be measured and communicated to senior stakeholders through concrete metrics spanning FX P&L, hedging costs, and liquidity efficiency. Finally, Santhosh offers a compelling perspective on the growing role of stablecoins in fintech treasury — outlining the tangible benefits for capital efficiency and FX risk reduction, while candidly addressing the practical considerations any treasurer must work through before adoption.

Gerardo Garcia, General Director of Central Bank Operations at Banco de México and Chair of the Global Foreign Exchange Committee (GFXC), joins the 360T Podcast to explore one of the most important initiatives shaping modern FX markets: the FX Global Code. Reflecting on its origins, he discusses how the Code has helped rebuild trust, strengthen governance, and establish a common standard of best practice across a truly global marketplace — while also highlighting where further progress is still needed, particularly on buy-side adoption.  Looking ahead, Garcia examines how the Code is evolving to keep pace with a rapidly changing market environment. From artificial intelligence and automation to shifting market structure and the rise of new participants, he shares how the GFXC is approaching these developments to ensure the Code remains relevant, practical, and forward-looking. He also offers a unique perspective on the continued electronification of the Mexican FX market, the growing global significance of the peso, and the role of technology in driving greater transparency, efficiency, and resilience across FX trading.

As he prepares to retire from a 40-year career in FX, including the last 25 at T. Rowe Price where he currently serves as Head of FX, Toby Baker reflects on how technology has transformed buy-side trading desks. He examines how the rise of e-trading reshaped market structure by driving new efficiencies, and explores the next wave of innovation — from AI and automation to tokenisation and advanced data analytics — set to define the future of FX trading.  Baker also discusses the pivotal role FX plays as both a global asset class and a core component of investment portfolios, and considers how traders can continue to add value in an increasingly automated environment. Finally, he reflects on the best career advice he has received and shares his own guidance for the next generation of FX professionals.

As tradition dictates, Colin Lambert, Co-Founder of The Full FX, kicks off the year by joining our first podcast to unpack the biggest moments and surprises from FX in 2025 — and to offer his predictions for what lies ahead. Undeterred by the mixed fortunes of last year’s calls, Lambert forecasts major crypto and stablecoin developments in traditional FX, pre-emptively bemoans the noise around Europe’s shift to T+1, and warns that technology is starting to threaten established market-data businesses. He also makes the case for continued investment in discretionary funds, predicts at least one major hedge fund casualty in 2026, and — after a stellar Trade of the Year performance in 2025 — explains why he’s now selling TBH/HUF.

This episode begins with Michael Angjeli, Treasury Manager, FX, at Wise, discussing how the goals and objectives of FX trading and risk management within treasury organisations shape and dictate execution decisions. He then explains how Wise has adapted its hedging strategies in response to market volatility, adopting a more dynamic approach to adjusting hedge ratios, particularly for emerging market currencies. Angjeli also highlights the proactive steps Wise has taken to leverage technology and robust analytics to achieve cost reductions, efficiency gains, consistent pricing, and minimised operational risk in FX trading.

In this episode of the 360T podcast, Allan Guild, Director at Hilltop Walk Consulting, shares insights from his role chairing the recent TradeTech FX USA conference. These include how rising geopolitical uncertainty has heightened the focus on FX as an asset class, the ever-changing liquidity landscape and the growing importance of data-driven decision-making on the buy side. Guild also discusses the increasing role of automation and the evolution of FX algo trading, the challenges of integrating new technology into existing infrastructures, and the competitive pressures driving buy-side firms to accept change.

Once again, Colin Lambert, Co-Founder of The Full FX, joins the podcast to make a series of predictions for the year ahead. But first we review and, for the first time ever, score his predictions from 2024 – has Lambert been looking into a crystal ball or a snow globe? Looking ahead to 2025, Lambert predicts that volatility will drive trading volumes up significantly across the industry, that regulators in the UK and Europe will get serious about enforcing rules for trading platforms and that the latest wave of non-bank market makers to enter the FX will find it a challenging marketplace. He also makes the case that FX options trading activity will continue shifting towards electronic trading platforms, sees currency CTAs heading for a banner year and suspects that debates around pre-hedging will rumble on with no real conclusion in sight. And, of course, Lambert picks out his infamous Trade of the Year!

Our 50th episode features Mark Mulholland from Fidelity International discussing his recent deep-dive analysis on FX trade rejections, and their impact on execution quality and outcomes. Despite the topic of last look grabbing industry headlines in recent years, Mulholland explains that other often overlooked issues — such as static data — proved to be a bigger driver of reject rates for his firm and highlights the challenges posed by a lack of data standarisation across the FX industry. He also outlines how his analysis has helped Fidelity International realise a significant drop in the number of FX trade reject rates and points to an opportunity for sell-side firms to provide better pricing to clients and, ultimately, improve market efficiency.

Marc Chandler, Chief Market Strategist at Bannockburn Global Forex, breaks down some of the key themes and trends impacting the FX market. He discusses the fallout of the recent unwinding of the yen carry trade on corporations, explains why currency markets don't always follow a pattern of cause-and-effect and argues that the US dollar will remain at the centre of financial markets - but not necessarily for the reasons that many people assume. Chandler also looks ahead to a potential rate cut by the US Federal Reserve Bank and a divisive presidential election, making the case that the dollar is set for a cyclical downturn.

In this episode Nathan Vurgest, Director of Trading at Record Financial Group, talks in-depth about how data is changing and shaping FX trading desks. He outlines the challenges facing buy-side firms as they try to access and make sense of all the trade data which they generate internally, explains how traders are evolving to provide more value beyond just FX execution and highlights that this broadening role introduces new complexities around effectively measuring best execution.

As is something of a tradition on the 360T podcast now, Colin Lambert, Co-Founder of The Full FX, joins as a guest to review the accuracy of his 2023 predictions and make a series of new ones for the year ahead. Lambert receives some gentle criticism for making "obvious" predictions last year, which perhaps prompted him to be more daring this year as his 2024 predictions encompass cybersecurity threats, why the shift to T+1 settlement might only be the tip of the iceberg, flash crashes in the FX market, a good year for discretionary trading, cryptocurrency adoptions and more! And although Lambert concedes he is in danger of becoming a reverse indicator with his infamous Trade of the Year, he nevertheless makes his pick for 2024.

This episode features two experts, Tobias Rank from Eurex and David Holcome from 360T, taking a deep dive into why more FX market participants are turning towards Exchange for Physical (EFP) products, and how the listed FX marketplace is likely to evolve in the future. The pair also tackle questions about how regulations are changing the economics of OTC trading, whether there is really a demand to support more listed FX trading and the shortcomings of OTC FX clearing. Additional resources about EFPs: FX EFPs – the best of two worlds FX EFP tutorial – mechanics and use cases

FX is a highly liquid market, with many different currencies to trade that are constantly moving against one another, so why don’t investors typically think about this asset class when building out their portfolios? In this episode Van Luu, Global Head of Solutions Strategy, Fixed Income and FX at Russell Investments, addresses this question and explains the important role that currency strategies can play in helping investors to diversify a multi-asset portfolio. In particular, he talks about how a currency strategy which leverages three factors — Carry, Value and Trend — can offer low (or even negative) correlation to traditional assets, providing a boost to multi-asset portfolios while generating little or no additional risk.