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AI in Public Health & Medicine For more information checkout: (1) Turing, A. M. (1950). Computing Machinery and Intelligence. Mind, 59(236), 433–460. DOI (2) Wiener, N. (1948). Cybernetics: Or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine. MIT Press. (3) McCarthy, J., Minsky, M. L., Rochester, N., & Shannon, C. E. (1955). A Proposal for the Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence. (4) Newell, A., & Simon, H. A. (1956). The Logic Theory Machine—A Complex Information Processing System. IRE Transactions on Information Theory, 2(3), 61–79. DOI (5) Weizenbaum, J. (1966). ELIZA—A Computer Program for the Study of Natural Language Communication Between Man and Machine. Communications of the ACM, 9(1), 36–45. DOI (6) Crevier, D. (1993). AI: The Tumultuous History of the Search for Artificial Intelligence. Basic Books. (7) Feigenbaum, E. A., & McCorduck, P. (1983). The Fifth Generation: Artificial Intelligence and Japan's Computer Challenge to the World. Addison-Wesley. (8) Campbell, M., Hoane, A. J., & Hsu, F. H. (2002). Deep Blue. Artificial Intelligence, 134(1–2), 57–83. DOI (9) Silver, D., et al. (2016). Mastering the game of Go with deep neural networks and tree search. Nature, 529(7587), 484–489. DOI (10) Brown, T., et al. (2020). Language Models are Few-Shot Learners. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems. (11) Ramesh, A., et al. (2021). Zero-Shot Text-to-Image Generation. OpenAI. (12) Binns, R. (2018). Fairness in Machine Learning: Lessons from Political Philosophy. Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency. DOI (13) Statista Research Department. (2023). Daily Per Capita Data Interactions Worldwide. (14) "AI in Health Care: Applications, Benefits, and Examples" Authors: Coursera Team Published: October 2024 (15) "AI in Healthcare: Benefits and Examples" Authors: Cleveland Clinic Health Essentials Published: September 2024 (16) "AI in Healthcare: The Future of Patient Care and Health Management" Authors: Mayo Clinic Press Published: March 2024 (17) "10 Top Artificial Intelligence (AI) Applications in Healthcare" Authors: VentureBeat Staff Published: August 2022 (18) "10 Real-World Examples of AI in Healthcare" Authors: Philips News Center Published: November 2022 (19) "AI in Healthcare: Uses, Examples & Benefits" Authors: Built In Staff Published: November 2024 (20) "Artificial Intelligence in Health Care: Benefits and Challenges of Machine Learning in Drug Development" Authors: U.S. Government Accountability Office Published: December 2020 (21) "Integrated Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Framework for Healthcare Applications" Authors: Luis R. Soenksen, Yu Ma, Cynthia Zeng, Leonard D. J. Boussioux, Kimberly Villalobos Carballo, Liangyuan Na, Holly M. Wiberg, Michael L. Li, Ignacio Fuentes, Dimitris Bertsimas Published: February 2022 (22) "Remote Patient Monitoring Using Artificial Intelligence: Current State, Applications, and Challenges" Authors: Thanveer Shaik, Xiaohui Tao, Niall Higgins, Lin Li, Raj Gururajan, Xujuan Zhou, U. Rajendra Acharya Published: January 2023 (23) Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and Healthcare: A Review and Classification of Current and Near-Future Applications and Their Ethical and Social Impact" Authors: Emilio Gómez-González, Emilia Gómez, Javier Márquez-Rivas, Manuel Guerrero-Claro, Isabel Fernández-Lizaranzu, María Isabel Relimpio-López, Manuel E. Dorado, María José Mayorga-Buiza, Guillermo Izquierdo-Ayuso, Luis Capitán-Morales Published: January 2020 (24) Parums DV. Editorial: Infectious Disease Surveillance Using Artificial Intelligence (AI) and its Role in Epidemic and Pandemic Preparedness. Med Sci Monit. 2023;29:e941209. Published 2023 Jun 1. doi:10.12659/MSM.941209 (25) Chen, S., Yu, J., Chamouni, S. et al. Integrating machine learning and artificial intelligence in life-course epidemiology: pathways to innovative public health solutions. BMC Med 22, 354 (2024). (26) Abdulkareem M, Petersen SE. The Promise of AI in Detection, Diagnosis, and Epidemiology for Combating COVID-19: Beyond the Hype. Front Artif Intell. 2021;4:652669. Published 2021 May 14. doi:10.3389/frai.2021.652669 (27) Hamilton AJ, Strauss AT, Martinez DA, et al. Machine learning and artificial intelligence: applications in healthcare epidemiology. Antimicrob Steward Healthc Epidemiol. 2021;1(1):e28. Published 2021 Oct 7. doi:10.1017/ash.2021.192

How does access to pain medicine differ between nations and how does this impact public health? For more information checkout: Pain management in low- and middle-income countries (PMID: 33456843), Guide to Pain Management in Low-Resource Settings (Author: International Association for the Study of Pain), Chronic pain: a review of its epidemiology and associated factors in population-based studies (PMID: 31079836), Vital Signs: Prescription Opioid Pain Reliever Use During Pregnancy — 34 U.S. Jurisdictions, 2019 (PMID: 33180599), Maternal and Infant Characteristics Associated with Opioid Use During Pregnancy: A Population-Based Study Using Birth Certificate Data (PMID: 30550261), Trends, Patterns, and Maternal Characteristics of Opioid Prescribing During Pregnancy in a Large Population-based Cohort Study (PMID: 32054599), Neonatal Outcomes Associated with Maternal Use of Opioids During Pregnancy (PMID: 31013277), Addressing the Opioid Epidemic in Low-Income and High-Minority Communities (PMID: 31546158), Disparities in Access to Non-Opioid Pain Management Options in Medicaid Populations (PMID: 31167534), Socioeconomic Disparities and Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome: Implications for Maternal and Child Health (PMID: 30117882), The Impact of Socioeconomic and Racial Disparities on Opioid Use Disorder in Pregnancy (PMID: 32746981), Barriers to Accessing Addiction Treatment and Maternal Health Services Among Medicaid Populations (PMID: 30392954), Maternal Use of Opioids During Pregnancy and Congenital Malformations: A Systematic Review (PMID: 29376100), CDC: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, PRAMS | CDC: Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, NVSS | CDC: National Vital Statistics Sytem | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, NIDA | NIH: National Institute on Drug Abuse | National Institutes of Health, ChatGPT - Open AI, CANVA: Visual Suite for Everyone.  

What is antimicrobial resistance and how is it impacting us and our health? For more information checkout: Discovery and preclinical development of new antibiotics (PMID: 24646092), Five barriers to addressing antimicrobial resistance (Author: Rohan Kocharekar), CDC: Antibiotic Rsistance Threats in the United States 2019, National Strategy for Combating Antibioticresistant Bacteria (Obama Administration), National Action Plan for Combating Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria 2020-2025 (ASPE), United States National Actiona Plan (CDC), Enhancing US-Japan Cooperation to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance (PMID: 25470465), A View on 20 Years of Antimicrobial Resistance in Japan by Two National Surveillance Systems: The National Epidemiological Surveillance of Infectious Diseases and Japan Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (PMID: 34680770), Estimating the Economic and Clinical Value of Reducing Antimicrobial Resistance to Three Gram-negative Pathogens in Japan (PMID: 34703834), Strategy on Antiobiotic Resistance Switzerland (StAR), Epidemiological aspects of non-human antibiotic usage and resistance: implications for the control of antibiotic resistance in Ghana (PMID: 22413809), Occurrence of Antibiotics and Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria in Landfill Sites in Kumasi, Ghana (Article ID: 6934507), Determinants of Inappropriate Antibiotics Use in Rural Central Ghana Using a Mixed Methods Approach (PMID: 32266200), Resistance to antimicrobial drugs in Ghana (PMID: 22259250), Scoping Report on Antimicrobial Resistance in India, India's National Action Plan for antimicrobial resistance – An overview of the context, status, and way ahead (PMID: 31334140), Antimicrobial resistance in the environment: The Indian scenario (PMID: 31219076).

Interview with Dr. Melinda Aldrich, who is an Associate Professor in the Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine. We learn about her path to her current research as well as about how different factors impact lung cancer and how race and ethnicity can influence prognosis. We also discuss how important it is to include minority populations in our study research cohorts to truly be able to understand diseases and their development.

Let's learn about the relationship between epigenetics and public health. We will learn what epigenetics is, how epigenetic modifications occur, as well as how our own epigenetics can continue to evolve. Lastly, we will look at how epigenetics can help us improve public health and develop population specific therapeutics to help tackle diseases.

Let's learn about the relationship between environmental health and public health. We will discuss the topic of environmental health and its effect on animals and ultimately humans, through issues with microplastics usage and fracking. Lastly, we will look at how these issues can also impact mental health of individuals. 

Let's analyze the relationship between addiction and drug abuse with public health. We will discuss the current state of addiction and drug abuse, the opioid crisis in the nation, and the programs that have been developed to help tackle this concern. Lastly, we will look at how public health epidemiology can help increase awareness, create new prevention methods, and develop interventions to help with this issue. 

Interview with Dr. Muhammad Zaman, who is a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Professor of Biomedical Engineering and International Health at Boston University. We discuss his journey to engineering and how he found his purpose in bringing engineering solutions to underserved populations as well as the various ways global health can be improved through thoughtful and nuanced engineering and public health solutions.

Let's analyze the impact of engineering on public health and its advancements. We will discuss how engineering has contributed to the field of public health by helping researchers perform laboratory and field studies, overseeing research and development for solutions-based products, conducting disaster relief and emergency response, and engaging in public health program management.

Interview with Dr. Edward Silberman, who is an American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology Certified General Psychiatrist as well as a Professor and the Vice Chair of Psychiatry at Tufts University School of Medicine. We discuss his journey to psychiatry, his perspectives and opinions on the current state of psychiatry, and how this field has evolved over his career and especially during the pandemic.

Let's analyze the state of mental health during the pandemic through the lens of the Social Ecological Model. We will discuss the various layers of impact and how public health can help address issues.  *Disclaimer: We want to acknowledge that though this episode focuses on mental health we are not mental health professionals and this is not medical advice. If you or a loved one is experiencing a mental health crisis, we recommend that you contact a professional in the field and seek appropriate care. In the show notes we have included links to professional organizations that can help those seeking help, including Crisis Hotline and the National Suicide Hotline. 

Interview with Grace Phelan, who is a certified nutrition support clinician working as a Nutrition Support Coordinator and Critical Care Nutritionist at Tufts Medical Center. We discuss critical care nutrition, national nutrition trends, patient nutrition care, and the future of nutritional policy.

Let's learn about nutritional science and epidemiology, its history and evolution, and how public health policies can help!

Interview with Megan Paskey, who is the current, and first, Community Food Systems and Farm to School Coordinator for the Indiana Department of Health, sitting in the Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity. We discuss the issue of maternal and child health as well as its barriers to equality of care, maternal mental health, and the systemic changes that need to occur. 

Let's learn about maternal and child health epidemiology, its root causes, and how public health interventions can help!