Advertise on podcast: Oncology Knowledge into Practice Podcast

In today's episode, we welcome Dr. Sandip Patel, who is a Professor of Medical Oncology at the University of California, San Diego, to discuss the evolution of molecular profiling technology, focusing on how next-generation sequencing can help support patients with advanced thyroid cancer, but also how to integrate molecular profiling into clinical practice. Learning Objective(s): After completing this educational activity, learners will be able to discuss precision medicine and new technologies, including liquid biopsy Funding Information: This independent educational activity is supported by an educational grant from Eli Lilly. The educational content has been developed by Liberum IME in collaboration with an independent steering committee; Eli Lilly had no influence on the content of this educational activity. Accreditation: This activity has been planned and implemented in accordance with the accreditation requirements and policies of the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) through the joint providership of the ACHL and Liberum IME. ACHL is accredited by the ACCME to provide continuing medical education for physicians. The Academy for Continued Healthcare Learning (ACHL) designates this enduring material for up to 0.25 AMA PRA Category 1 Credits™. Physicians should claim credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity. The American Medical Association (AMA) has an agreement of mutual recognition of Continuing Medical Education (CME) credits with the European Union of Medical Specialists (UEMS), the accreditation body for European countries. Physicians interested in converting AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™ to UEMS-European Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education CME credits (ECMEC®s) should contact the UEMS at [email protected] The content for this activity was developed independently of the ineligible companies. All materials are included with permission. The opinions expressed are those of the faculty and are not to be construed as those of the publisher or grantors. This educational activity was planned and produced in accordance with the ACCME Standards for Integrity and Independence in Accredited Continuing Education. Recommendations involving clinical medicine in a continuing medical education (CME/CE) activity must be based on evidence that is accepted within the profession of medicine as adequate justification for their indications and contraindications in the care of patients. All scientific research referred to, reported, or used in CME/CE in support or justification of a patient care recommendation must conform to the generally accepted standards of experimental design, data collection, and analysis. Faculty disclosures Dr. Sandip Patel: Scientific advising (Ongoing): Amgen, AstraZeneca, BeiGene, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Certis, Eli Lilly, Jazz, Genentech, Illumina, Merck, Pfizer, Rakuten, and Tempus Institutional research funding (Ongoing): Amgen, AstraZeneca/MedImmune, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Fate Therapeutics, Gilead, Iovance, Merck, Pfizer, Roche/Genentech, SQZ Biotechnologies" Other disclosures Liberum IME staff, ACHL staff and others involved with the planning, development, and review of the content for this activity have no relevant affiliations or financial relationships to disclose.

In today's episode, we welcome Dr. Conor Steuer, which is Associate Professor at the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology at Emory University School of Medicine in Atlanta, USA, to discuss adaptation of thyroid cancer guidelines to local care settings. We touch on strategies for guideline implementation and how to overcome potential barriers. Target Audience: Oncologists, pathologists and other HCPs involved in the diagnosis of RET and TRK cancers, with a focus on community practitioners. Learning Objective(s): After completing this educational activity, learners will be able to: • Recall thyroid RET and TRK fusion-positive cancer diagnosis and relevant genomic testing guidelines, and identify ways to adapt the guidelines to local settings • Review the organization of care and strategies for more efficient care delivery Funding Information: This independent educational activity is supported by an educational grant from Eli Lilly. The educational content has been developed by Liberum IME in collaboration with an independent steering committee; Eli Lilly had no influence on the content of this educational activity. Accreditation: This activity has been planned and implemented in accordance with the accreditation requirements and policies of the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) through the joint providership of the ACHL and Liberum IME. ACHL is accredited by the ACCME to provide continuing medical education for physicians. The Academy for Continued Healthcare Learning (ACHL) designates this enduring material for up to 0.25 AMA PRA Category 1 Credits™. Physicians should claim credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity. The American Medical Association (AMA) has an agreement of mutual recognition of Continuing Medical Education (CME) credits with the European Union of Medical Specialists (UEMS), the accreditation body for European countries. Physicians interested in converting AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™ to UEMS-European Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education CME credits (ECMEC®s) should contact the UEMS at [email protected] The content for this activity was developed independently of the ineligible companies. All materials are included with permission. The opinions expressed are those of the faculty and are not to be construed as those of the publisher or grantors. This educational activity was planned and produced in accordance with the ACCME Standards for Integrity and Independence in Accredited Continuing Education. Recommendations involving clinical medicine in a continuing medical education (CME/CE) activity must be based on evidence that is accepted within the profession of medicine as adequate justification for their indications and contraindications in the care of patients. All scientific research referred to, reported, or used in CME/CE in support or justification of a patient care recommendation must conform to the generally accepted standards of experimental design, data collection, and analysis. Faculty disclosures: Conor Steuer Advisory Board/Steering Committee (Ongoing): Daiichi Advisory Board (Former): Caris, Merck, Mirati, Novocure, Sanofi/Regeneron Other disclosures Liberum IME staff, ACHL staff and others involved with the planning, development, and review of the content for this activity have no relevant affiliations or financial relationships to disclose.

Developments in precision medicine have led to a paradigm shift in the management of advanced thyroid cancer. The ESMO Guidelines Committee recently developed a new clinical practice guideline on the use of systemic therapy in this setting. This episode offers guideline insights into the applications recently approved therapies that have been approved by the FDA and/or the EMA, including cabozantinib, selpercatinib, pralsetinib, and entrectinib. It also provides data updates of previously approved therapies and how guidelines have been adapted accordingly. To answer questions on the 2022 ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline update, we have invited Dr. Ahmad Awada to join us. He is Head of the Oncology Medicine Department at Jules Bordet Cancer Institute Brussels, Belgium. Target Audience: Oncologists, pathologists and other HCPs involved in the management of advanced thyroid cancer, with a focus on community practitioners. Learning objectives: After completing this educational activity, learners will be able to: Recall thyroid RET and TRK fusion-positive cancer diagnosis and relevant genomic testing guidelines, and identify ways to adapt the guidelines to local settings Discuss precision medicine and new technologies, including liquid biopsy Review the organization of care and strategies for more efficient care delivery Funding information: This independent educational activity is supported by an educational grant from Eli Lilly. The educational content has been developed by Liberum IME in collaboration with an independent steering committee; Eli Lilly had no influence on the content of this educational activity. Disclosures Dr. Ahmad Awada declares the following financial relationships from the past 24 months: Speaker fees: Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Daiichi Sankyo, Eisai, Genomic Health, Ipsen, Leo Pharma, Eli Lilly, Merck, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, and Seattle Genetics. Liberum IME staff, ACHL staff and others involved with the planning, development, and review of the content for this activity have no relevant affiliations or financial relationships to disclose. ACHL requires that the faculty participating in an accredited continuing education activity disclose all affiliations or other financial relationships within 24 months (1) with the manufacturers of any commercial product(s) and/or provider(s) of commercial services discussed in an educational presentation and (2) with any ineligible companies. All relevant financial relationships have been mitigated prior to this activity. This CME/CE activity might describe the off-label, investigational, or experimental use of medications and/or devices that may exceed their FDA-approved labeling. Physicians should consult the current manufacturers’ prescribing information for these products. ACHL requires its speakers to disclose that a product is not labeled for the use under discussion. Discussion of Off-Label, Investigational, or Experimental Drug Use: N/A

In today’s episode, we welcome expert Oncologist Dr. Claire Arthur and expert Endocrinologist Dr. Sarimar Agosto Salgado to discuss the challenges they have encountered and strategies that they have implemented to improve multidisciplinary collaboration in the management of patients with thyroid cancer and continued integration of precision medicine approaches. References 1. Fenton ME et al. Variability in thyroid cancer multidisciplinary team meeting recommendations is not explained by standard variables: Outcomes of a single centre review. J Clin Med 2021;10:4150 2. Horgan D et al. Tackling thyroid cancer in Europe—The challenges and opportunities. Healthcare 2022;10:1621 3. Mehra S et al. Improving the quality of thyroid cancer care: How does the Thyroid Cancer Care Collaborative cross the Institute of Medicine’s Quality Chasm? Thyroid 2014;24:615–624 Target Audience: Oncologists, pathologists and other HCPs involved in the diagnosis of RET and TRK cancers, with a focus on community practitioners. Learning Objective: 1. Recall thyroid RET andTRK fusion-positive cancer diagnosis and relevant genomic testing guidelines and identify ways to adapt the guidelines to local settings 2. Discuss “precision medicine” and new technologies, including “liquid biopsy” 3. Review the organisation of care and strategies for more efficient care delivery Funding Information: This episode is supported by an educational grant from Eli Lilly, who have had no influence on the content or choice of faculty. Disclosures: Dr Sarimar Agosto Salgado:  - Speaker: Lilly - Advisor: Exelisis, Lilly, Blueprint medicines, Eisai Dr Claire Arthur Dr Claire Arthur has no relevant disclosures against this module Liberum IME staff, ACHL staff and others involved with the planning, development, and review of the content for this activity have no relevant affiliations or financial relationships to disclose.

In today’s episode, we welcome Dr. Antonio Matrone, an endocrinologist at the University of Pisa, to discuss the many factors involved in treatment decision-making and strategies for the management of patients with advanced thyroid cancer where an oncogenic driver has been identified. References Matrone A et al. Differentiated thyroid cancer, from active surveillance to advanced therapy: Toward a personalized medicine. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019;10:884 Sherman SI. Evolution of targeted therapies for thyroid carcinoma. Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc 2019;130:255–265 Filetti S et al. ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline update on the use of systemic therapy in advanced thyroid cancer. Ann Oncol 2022;33(7):P674–P684 Capdevila J et al. Molecular diagnosis and targeted treatment of advanced follicular cell-derived thyroid cancer in the precision medicine era. Cancer Treat Rev 2022;106:102380 Dabrafenib highlights of prescribing information. 2022 Wirth LJ et al. Efficacy of selpercatinib in RET-altered thyroid cancers. N Engl J Med 2020;383:825–835 Josfeld L et al. Cancer patient’s perspective on shared decision-making and decision aids in oncology. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021;147:1725–1732 Target Audience: Oncologists, pathologists and other HCPs involved in the diagnosis of RET and TRK cancers, with a focus on community practitioners. Learning Objective: Recall thyroid RET and TRK fusion-positive cancer diagnosis and relevant genomic testing guidelines and identify ways to adapt the guidelines to local settings Discuss “precision medicine” and new technologies, including “liquid biopsy” Review the organisation of care and strategies for more efficient care delivery These learning objectives are for the podcast series. This episode focuses on the first and third objective. Funding Information: This episode is supported by an educational grant from Eli Lilly, who have had no influence on the content or choice of faculty. Staff Disclosure: Dr. Matrone declares the following: Consultant - Eli Lilly

In today’s episode, we welcome Principal Researcher Dr. David Tamborero who was integral to the development of the Molecular Tumor Board Portal to discuss the benefits associated with molecular tumor boards and the way in which the portal can support the discussions that take place at tumor board meetings, as well as how these initiatives can support the management of patients with thyroid cancer. References Larson KL et al. Clinical Outcomes of Molecular Tumor Boards: A Systematic Review.   JCO Precis Oncol 2021;5:PO.20.00495 Capdevila J et al. Molecular diagnosis and targeted treatment of advanced follicular   cell-derived thyroid cancer in the precision medicine era. Cancer Treat Rev 2022;106:102380 Mahmood U and Lorch JH. Precision Medicine in Aggressive Thyroid Cancer: Moving Beyond Multitargeted Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. Cancer Cytopathol 2022;130:8–11 VanderWalde A et al. Establishment of a Molecular Tumor Board (MTB) and Uptake of Recommendations in a Community Setting. J Pers Med 2020;10:252 Tamborero D et al. The Molecular Tumor Board Portal supports clinical decisions and automated reporting for precision oncology. Nat Cancer 2022;3:251–261 Target Audience: Oncologists, pathologists and other HCPs involved in the diagnosis of RET and TRK cancers, with a focus on community practitioners. Learning Objective: Recall thyroid RET and TRK fusion-positive cancer diagnosis and relevant genomic testing guidelines and identify ways to adapt the guidelines to local settings Discuss “precision medicine” and new technologies, including “liquid biopsy” Review the organisation of care and strategies for more efficient care delivery These learning objectives are for the podcast series. This episode focuses on the second and third objective. Funding Information: This episode is supported by an educational grant from Eli Lilly, who have had no influence on the content or choice of faculty. Staff Disclosure: Dr. David Tamborero has no relevant disclosures to announce

In today’s episode, we welcome expert Oncologist Dr. Lori Wirth and expert Pathologist Dr. Thomas Giordano to discuss the challenges they have encountered and strategies that they have implemented to improve multidisciplinary collaboration in the management of patients with thyroid cancer and continued integration of precision medicine approaches. References Kilagat K, Griffin MJ, Baik F, et al. Thyroid Care Collaborative: an electronic health record facilitating multidisciplinary management of thyroid cancer. Int J Endo Oncol 2018;5(1):IJE03 Target Audience: Oncologists, pathologists and other HCPs involved in the diagnosis of RET and TRK cancers, with a focus on community practitioners. Learning Objective: Recall thyroid RET and TRK fusion-positive cancer diagnosis and relevant genomic testing guidelines and identify ways to adapt the guidelines to local settings Discuss “precision medicine” and new technologies, including “liquid biopsy” Review the organisation of care and strategies for more efficient care delivery These learning objectives are for the podcast series. This episode focuses on the third objective. By completing this module you can qualify for 0.25 CME credits. To claim your credits, you must listen to the podcast and successfully pass the post-module assessment. Funding Information: This episode is supported by an educational grant from Eli Lilly, who have had no influence on the content or choice of faculty. Staff Disclosures: Dr Lori Wirth Advisory Board - Bayer Healthcare, Coherus, Eli Lilly, Eisai, Exelixis, PDS Biotechnology Corp Consultant - Curie Therapeutics, Morphic Therapeutics Dr. Thomas Giordano No relevant disclosures to declare

Liquid biopsy has emerged as a novel diagnostic tool, enabling rapid, non-invasive molecular testing of thyroid cancers. This episode offers insight into some of the opportunities and challenges that are presented by liquid biopsy in this field. To answer questions on this topic, we have invited Professor Frederique Penault-Llorca to join us. She is Professor of Pathology at the University of Clermont-Ferrand and CEO of the Comprehensive Regional Cancer Institute Centre Jean Perrin in Clermont-Ferrand, France. Funding Information: This episode is supported by an educational grant from Eli Lilly, who have had no influence on the content or choice of faculty. Faculty Disclosures: Professor Frederique Penault-Llorca has disclosures are as follows: Advisory board: Roche, EliLilly, Illumina, Speaker: Roche, EliLilly, Illumina, References 1. Cooper DS, Doherty GM, Haugen BR, et al. Revised American Thyroid Association management guidelines for patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid. 2009;19:1167–1214 2. Albarel F, Conte-Devolx B, Oliver C. From nodule to differentiated thyroid carcinoma: Contributions of molecular analysis in 2012. Ann Endocrinol (Paris). 2012;73:155–164 3. Nylen C, Mechera R, Marechal-Ross I, et al. Molecular markers guiding thyroid cancer management. Cancers (Basel). 2020;12:2164 4. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology: Thyroid Carcinoma. Version 2.2022. May 5, 2022. Available at: https://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/thyroid.pdf (accessed June 2022) 5. Pinchot SN, Al-Wagih H, Schaefer S, et al. Accuracy of fine-needle aspiration biopsy for predicting neoplasm or carcinoma in thyroid nodules 4 cm or larger. Arch Surg. 2009;144:649–655 6. Bellevicine C, Sgariglia R, Nacchio M, et al. Molecular testing of thyroid fine-needle aspiration: local issues and solutions. An interventional cytopathologist perspective. J Mol Pathol. 2021;2:233–240 7. Kasraeian S, Allison DC, Ahlmann ER, et al. A comparison of fine-needle aspiration, core biopsy, and surgical biopsy in the diagnosis of extremity soft tissue masses. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2010;468:2992–3002 8. Lindeman NI, Cagle PT, Aisner DL, et al. Updated molecular testing guideline for the selection of lung cancer patients for treatment with targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors: Guideline from the College of American Pathologists, the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, and the Association for Molecular Pathology. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2018;142:321–346 9. Pennell NA, Arcila ME, Gandara DR, et al. Biomarker testing for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: Real-world issues and tough choices. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book. 2019;39:531–542 10. Belli C, Penault-Llorca F, Ladanyi M, et al. ESMO recommendations on the standard methods to detect RET fusions and mutations in daily practice and clinical research. Ann Oncol. 2021;32:337–350 11. Li MM, Datto M, Duncavage EJ, et al. Standards and guidelines for the interpretation and reporting of sequence variants in cancer: A joint consensus recommendation of the Association for Molecular Pathology, American Society of Clinical Oncology, and College of American Pathologists. J Mol Diagn. 2017;19:4–23

Developments in RET-targeted therapies have led to a paradigm shift in the management of advanced thyroid cancer. However, resistance to these drugs has been observed to develop through a variety of mechanisms, so precise monitoring is required to detect and react to disease development. This episode offers insight into relevant mechanisms of resistance to RET inhibitors in thyroid cancer. It also considers how strategies such as combinations of targeted therapies and liquid biopsy could potentially help tackle the development of resistance. To answer questions on this topic, we have invited Professor Bruce Robinson to join us. He is a Professor of Medicine and Endocrinologist at the University of Sydney, Australia. Funding Information: This episode is supported by an educational grant from Eli Lilly, who have had no influence on the content or choice of faculty. References Román-Gil MS, Pozas J, Rosero-Rodríguez D, et al. Resistance to RET targeted therapy in Thyroid Cancer: Molecular basis and overcoming strategies. Cancer Treat Rev. 2022;105:102372. doi: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2022.102372 Subbiah V, Cascone T, Hess KR et al. Multi-kinase RET inhibitor vandetanib combined with mTOR inhibitor everolimus in patients with RET rearranged non-small cell lung cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 36 (15). Doi: 10.1200/JCO.2018.36.15_suppl.9035

Rearranged during transfection (RET) and tropomyosin receptor kinase (TRK) fusions are involved in various adult and paediatric cancers, including thyroid cancers. There is a high mortality rate for some of these cancers, partly due to the lack of efficient detection, diagnosis, and prognosis. The US and European guidelines recommend genomic testing as a part of standard diagnostic evaluations for some cancers to identify driver mutations for which effective therapies or clinical trials are available. However, adherence to genomic testing guidelines presents challenges to practitioners, including coordination of sample handling, long turnaround times, test reimbursement (in applicable settings), access to targeted therapies, insufficient tissue, and patient harm from the repeat biopsies necessary if the tissue sample is insufficient. This episode offers some guidance around when and how to test for biomarkers of response to precision medicines. To answer our questions on the topic, we welcome the expertise of Professor Fernando López-Ríos. Professor López-Ríos is a pathologist at the ‘12 de Octubre’  University Hospital in Spain. Funding Information: This episode is supported by an educational grant from Eli Lilly, who have had no influence on the content or choice of faculty. References 1. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Thyroid Carcinoma. (Version 3.2021-October 15, 2021). Available at: https://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/thyroid.pdf. Accessed January 16, 2022. 2. Belli C, et al. ESMO recommendations on the standard methods to detect RET fusions and mutations in daily practice and clinical research. Ann Oncol. 2021 Mar;32(3):337-350. 3. Marchiò C, et al. ESMO recommendations on the standard methods to detect NTRK fusions in daily practice and clinical research. Ann Oncol. 2019 Sep 1;30(9):1417-1427. 4. OncoKB: MSK's Precision Oncology Knowledge Base. Available at: https://www.oncokb.org/. Accessed March 15, 2022. 5. Mosele F, et al. Recommendations for the use of next-generation sequencing (NGS) for patients with metastatic cancers: a report from the ESMO Precision Medicine Working Group. Ann Oncol. 2020 Nov;31(11):1491-1505.

In today’s episode, we’re going to talk about how precision medicine fits into thyroid cancer treatment guidelines. To answer our questions on this topic, we welcome the expertise of Dr. Lori Wirth. Dr. Wirth is Medical Director of the Center for Head and Neck Cancers at the Massachusetts General Hospital, and an Associate Professor in Medicine at Harvard Medical School. Funding statement: This independent educational activity is supported by an educational grant from Eli Lilly. The educational content has been developed by Liberum IME in conjunction with an independent steering committee; Eli Lilly has had no influence on the content of this education. References:   Filetti S, Durante C, Hartl D, et al. Thyroid Cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2019; 30:1856-1883.  National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Thyroid Carcinoma. (Version 3.2021-October 15, 2021). Available at: https://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/thyroid.pdf. Accessed January 16, 2022.  Fleeman N, Houten R, Chaplin M, et al. A systematic review of lenvatinib and sorafenib for treating progressive, locally advanced or metastatic, differentiated thyroid cancer after treatment with radioactive iodine. BMC Cancer. 2019;19:1209. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-019-6369-7  Naoum GE, Morkos M, Kim B, Arafat W. Novel targeted therapies and immunotherapy for advanced thyroid cancers. Mol Cancer. 2018;17:51.   Pekova B, Sykorova V, Mastnikova K, et al. NTRK fusion genes in thyroid carcinomas: Clinicopathological characteristics and their impacts on prognosis. Cancers.2021;13:1932. https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/8/1932  Pitoia F. Complete response to larotrectinib treatment in a patient with papillary thyroid cancer harboring an ETV6-NTRK3 gene fusion. Clin Case Rep. 2021;9:1905-1912. doi: 10.1002/ccr3.3900   VITRAKVI, Prescribing information. Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc. Revised: March 2021.  ROZLYTREK, Prescribing information. Genentech USA, Inc. Revised: November 2021.  Hong DS, DuBois SG, Kummar S, et al. Larotrectinib in patients with TRK fusion-positive solid tumours: a pooled analysis of three phase 1/2 clinical trials. Lancet Oncol. 2020;21:531-540.  Chu YH, Dias-Santagata D, Farahani AA, et al. Clinicopathologic and molecular characterization of NTRK-rearranged thyroid carcinoma (NRTC). Mod Pathol. 2020;33:2186-2197.   Doebele RC, Drilon A, Paz-Ares L, et al. Entrectinib in patients with advanced or metastatic NTRK fusion-positive solid tumours: integrated analysis of three phase 1–2 trials. Lancet Oncol. 2020;21:271-282.   RETEVMA, Prescribing information. Lilly USA, LLC. Initial US approval: 2020.  GAVRETO, Prescribing information. Genentech USA, Inc. and Blueprint Medicines Corporation. Revised: April 2021.  Krajewska J, Kukulska A, Oczko-Wojciechowska M, Jarzab B. Recent advances in precision medicine for the treatment of medullary thyroid cancer. Expert Review of Precision Medicine and Drug Development. 2021;6(5): 307-315. https://doi.org/10.1080/23808993.2021.1964952   European Medicines Agency. Retsevmo. December 11, 2020. Accessed January 18, 2022. https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/retsevmo  European Medicines Agency. Gavreto. September 17, 2021. Accessed January 18, 2022. https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/gavreto 

Precision medicine is a promising field that’s opening doors to novel therapeutics for many patients. But how does it fit into thyroid cancer specifically? What treatments are available or in the pipeline, for which patient subgroup, and what are the potential benefits? We’ll start off our series by exploring these questions, and we’ve invited Dr Eric Sherman, medical oncologist and thyroid cancer expert at the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York, to provide his insights. Funding statement: This independent educational activity is supported by an educational grant from Eli Lilly. The educational content has been developed by Liberum IME in conjunction with an independent steering committee; Eli Lilly has had no influence on the content of this education. References: American Cancer Society. Key Statistics for Thyroid Cancer. Updated January 12, 2021. Accessed November 23, 2021. American Cancer Society website. https://www.cancer.org/cancer/thyroid-cancer/about/key-statistics.html. Araque KA, Gubbi S, Klubo-Gwiezdzinska J. Updates on the Management of Thyroid Cancer. Horm Metab Res. 2020;52(8):562-577. doi: 10.1055/a-1089-7870. Cancer Connect. Therapies Show Initial Effectiveness in Subset of Papillary Thyroid Cancer. Cancer Connect website. Published July 18, 2018. Accessed December 14, 2021. https://news.cancerconnect.com/thyroid-cancer/therapies-show-initial-effectiveness-in-subset-of-papillary-thyroid-cancer?redir=1. ClinicalTrials.gov website search results: pembrolizumab / Thyroid Cancer / Phase 2. Accessed December 14, 2021. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?term=pembrolizumab&cond=Thyroid+Cancer&age_v=&gndr=&type=&rslt=&phase=1&Search=Apply Dabrafenib With or Without Trametinib in Treating Patients With Recurrent Thyroid Cancer. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01723202. Updated February 25, 2021. Accessed December 14, 2021. Drilon A, Laetsch TW, Kummar S, et al. Efficacy of Larotrectinib in TRK Fusion-Positive Cancers in Adults and Children. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(8):731-739. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1714448. Pekova B, Sykorova V, Mastnikova K, et al. NTRK Fusion Genes in Thyroid Carcinomas: Clinicopathological Characteristics and Their Impacts on Prognosis. Cancers. 2021;13(8):1932. doi: 10.3390/cancers13081932. U.S. Food & Drug Administration. FDA approves selpercatinib for lung and thyroid cancers with RET gene mutations or fusions. FDA website. Updated May 11, 2020. Accessed November 23, 2021. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/resources-information-approved-drugs/fda-approves-selpercatinib-lung-and-thyroid-cancers-ret-gene-mutations-or-fusions. U.S. Food & Drug Administration. FDA approves pembrolizumab for adults and children with TMB-H solid tumors. Updated June 17, 2020. Accessed December 14, 2021. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-approvals-and-databases/fda-approves-pembrolizumab-adults-and-children-tmb-h-solid-tumors#:~:text=The%20recommended%20pembrolizumab%20dosage%20regimen%20for%20TMB-H%20solid,pediatric%20patients.%20View%20full%20prescribing%20information%20for%20KEYTRUDA. U.S. Food & Drug Administration. FDA approves larotrectinib for solid tumors with NTRK gene fusions. FDA website. Updated December 14, 2018. Accessed November 25, 2021. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/fda-approves-larotrectinib-solid-tumors-ntrk-gene-fusions. Weaver CH. Precision Cancer Medicine Treatment of Thyroid Cancers. Cancer Connect website. Published October 24, 2020. Updated September 20, 2021. Accessed November 23, 2021. https://news.cancerconnect.com/thyroid-cancer/precision-cancer-medicine-treatment-of-thyroid-cancers.