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What can the ruins of Mohenjo-daro tell us about one of the world's earliest urban civilisations? In this episode of Know Time, archaeologist and anthropologist Dr. Uzma Z. Rizvi takes us on an introduction to archaeology and the history of the Indus Valley Civilisation. From the ancient city of Mohenjo-daro to its remarkable urban planning, drainage systems and everyday life, we explore what archaeology can reveal about the people who lived here thousands of years ago. We discuss how archaeologists excavate and interpret ancient sites, what makes the Indus Valley Civilisation so fascinating, and why the way we study the past matters just as much as what we discover. In this episode: What is archaeology, and how does it work? Mohenjo-daro: one of the great cities of the ancient world The Indus Valley Civilisation and its place in world history Ancient urban planning, drainage and sanitation What artefacts and ruins reveal about everyday life The mysteries of the Indus script and the civilisation's decline How colonialism has shaped the study of archaeology Why archaeologists are rethinking how and when to excavate ancient sites Dr. Uzma Z. Rizvi is an archaeologist and anthropologist whose work explores archaeology, heritage, decolonisation and the politics of how we understand the past. If you're interested in archaeology, ancient history, the Indus Valley Civilisation, Mohenjo-daro, Harappa or the history of South Asia, this conversation is for you. Subscribe to Know Time for long-form conversations exploring history, science, culture, philosophy and the ideas that shape our world. Uzma: https://www.pratt.edu/people/uzma-z-rizvi/ SUPPORT: Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/knowtime Anchor: https://anchor.fm/knowtime/support Youtube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCJ-937lA3_s2g5AxdpKQjVg/join Merch: https://know-time-shop.fourthwall.com/ PODCAST: Anchor: https://anchor.fm/knowtime Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/2CjRJPktODLDeHavCNDLGA Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/know-time/id1535371851?uo=4 CONNECT: Youtube: Subscribe! Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/knowtimetofly/ Instagram (Personal): https://www.instagram.com/shalajlawania/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/knowtimetofly Twitter (Personal): https://twitter.com/shalajlawania Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/knowtimetofly Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/knowtimetofly/ Merch: https://know-time-shop.fourthwall.com Blog: http://www.sadisticshalpy.com/ Producer & Host: Shalaj Lawania TIMELINE 0:00 Trailer 1:53 Introduction 3:05 What is Mohenjo-daro? 5:28 Uzma’s Journey Into Archaeology 9:07 The Sense of Touch 13:30 What is Archaeology? 15:19 Archaeology 101: Mohenjo-daro Site Plan 21:20 The People & Culture of Mohenjo-daro 28:33 Curved vs. Straight Lines 31:32 Speculation in Archaeology 47:27 Sewage, Waste & Drainage at Mohenjo-daro 1:02:03 Monumentality, Power & Hierarchy in Mohenjo-daro 1:06:58 The Priest King & The Dancing Girl 1:10:45 The Colonization of Archaeology 1:24:56 The Problems with Excavations 1:31:54 Non-Invasive Archaeology 1:35:53 Making Archaeology Accessible1:39:25 Care At Mohenjo-daro 1:46:24 Lego, Inspirations, Legacy & Meaning of Life #archaeology #mohenjodaro #anthropology

How do computers understand human language? What is Natural Language Processing (NLP), and why is Arabic so challenging for artificial intelligence? In this episode of Know Time, we speak with Nizar Habash, a leading expert in Arabic Natural Language Processing, about linguistics, computational linguistics, AI, machine learning, and Large Language Models (LLMs). From the foundations of NLP to the technology behind modern AI, this conversation explores how machines process language, how linguistic knowledge helps computers interpret meaning, and the challenges of building AI systems that work across languages and dialects. In this episode, we discuss: - Natural Language Processing (NLP) explained: how computers work with human language - The relationship between linguistics, computer science, and artificial intelligence - Why Arabic presents unique challenges for NLP and AI - Arabic morphology, dialects, and the complexities of language processing - How machine learning enables computers to analyse and generate text - Large Language Models (LLMs): how they relate to NLP - The capabilities and limitations of modern language technologies - The future of Arabic NLP and multilingual artificial intelligence Nizar Habash shares insights from his research into Arabic language technology and explains how linguistics and computer science come together to build more capable language-processing systems. Whether you're interested in AI, ChatGPT, linguistics, Arabic, computer science, machine learning, or the technology behind Large Language Models, this conversation offers an accessible introduction to Natural Language Processing.Subscribe to Know Time for long-form conversations with leading scientists, researchers, authors, and thinkers. Nizar: https://www.nizarhabash.com/ SUPPORT: Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/knowtime Anchor: https://anchor.fm/knowtime/support Youtube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCJ-937lA3_s2g5AxdpKQjVg/join Merch: https://know-time-shop.fourthwall.com/ PODCAST: Anchor: https://anchor.fm/knowtime Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/2CjRJPktODLDeHavCNDLGA Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/know-time/id1535371851?uo=4 CONNECT: Youtube: Subscribe! Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/knowtimetofly/ Instagram (Personal): https://www.instagram.com/shalajlawania/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/knowtimetofly Twitter (Personal): https://twitter.com/shalajlawania Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/knowtimetofly Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/knowtimetofly/ Merch: https://know-time-shop.fourthwall.com Blog: http://www.sadisticshalpy.com/ Producer & Host: Shalaj Lawania TIMELINE 0:00 Trailer 2:09 Introduction 3:23 The Beauty of Language 7:30 Language & Identity 14:35 Creating A Language 26:21 Arabic 101: Orthographic Ambiguity 34:26 Arabic 101: Morphological Richness 40:01 Arabic 101: Phonological Variation 43:34 Arabic 101: Hominems 45:22 Arabic Dialects 50:26 Arabic & Arab Identity 57:18 Language, Peace & Unity 1:02:50 The Purpose of Language 1:13:41 The History of Natural Language Processing 1:25:10 How Does An LLM Work? 1:32:02 Why Do LLMs Hallucinate? 1:37:44 The Poverty of the Stimulus Argument 1:44:47 How Do We Learn A Language? 1:47:49 Arabic Tokenization 1:53:42 Arabic Machine Translation 1:57:50 Do LLMs Create Their Own Language? 2:02:47 Bias in AI Models 2:13:05 Sentient AI 2:18:18 The Limits of Language & Cognition 2:25:24 Lego, Inspirations, Legacy & Meaning of Life #naturallanguageprocessing #computerscience #artificialintelligence #ai

What makes a great actor? How do actors build a character, find the truth in a performance, and bring a script to life? In Know Time #194, acclaimed actors Kumud Mishra and Shubhrajyoti Barat go deep into the craft of theatre and acting. They discuss the fundamentals of performance, character-building, stagecraft, rehearsals, working with directors, finding emotion in a scene, and the differences between theatre, film and other forms of acting. This conversation is a masterclass in acting and theatre, drawing on decades of experience across the stage, cinema and television. If you're interested in acting, theatre, Indian cinema, performance, storytelling and the craft of becoming an actor, this episode offers an in-depth look at what happens behind a great performance. 🎙️ Guests: Kumud Mishra & Shubhrajyoti Barat 🎧 Episode: Know Time #194 Kumud: https://www.instagram.com/kumudkmishra/?hl=en Shubhrajyoti: https://www.instagram.com/shubhrajyotibarat/?hl=en SUPPORT: Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/knowtime Anchor: https://anchor.fm/knowtime/support Youtube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCJ-937lA3_s2g5AxdpKQjVg/join Merch: https://know-time-shop.fourthwall.com/ PODCAST: Anchor: https://anchor.fm/knowtime Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/2CjRJPktODLDeHavCNDLGA Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/know-time/id1535371851?uo=4 CONNECT: Youtube: Subscribe! Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/knowtimetofly/ Instagram (Personal): https://www.instagram.com/shalajlawania/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/knowtimetofly Twitter (Personal): https://twitter.com/shalajlawania Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/knowtimetofly Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/knowtimetofly/ Merch: https://know-time-shop.fourthwall.com Blog: http://www.sadisticshalpy.com/ Producer & Host: Shalaj Lawania TIMELINE 0:00 Trailer 1:37 Introduction 3:48 The Purpose of Theatre 9:43 Shubhrajyoti’s Journey 18:41 Kumud’s Journey 25:52 Theatre 101: Theory & Fundamentals 38:26 Acting 101: Homework & Prep 48:06 Influence of Personal Life 52:42 Realism in Acting 59:57 Acting 101: The Hidden Story 1:05:30 Acting 101: Accents, Slang & Language 1:11:12 Theatre vs. Cinema 1:17:17 Acting vs. Stardom 1:22:38 Lego Interpretation, Legacy & Meaning of Life #theatre #acting

What is sociology, and how can it help us understand society, power, class, revolutions, and history? In this episode of Know Time, sociologist Georgi Derluguian joins us for a wide-ranging conversation on the foundations of sociology, Soviet history, Russia, the collapse of the USSR, social class, nationalism, revolution, and the forces that shape modern societies. Georgi Derluguian is a sociologist and professor whose work explores historical sociology, the Soviet Union, Russia, the Caucasus, nationalism, social movements, and global political economy. Drawing on history and sociology, he explains how societies change, why states and institutions evolve, and how the Soviet experience continues to shape Russia and the wider world. We discuss: Sociology 101: What exactly is sociology? How societies, institutions and social classes develop Marx, Weber and the origins of modern sociology Understanding the Soviet Union through sociology The Russian Revolution and the Soviet system Why the USSR collapsed Russia after the Soviet collapse Nationalism, class and political power The Caucasus and the legacy of the Soviet Union How historical sociology helps us understand Russia today Georgi Derluguian is a professor of sociology and a scholar of historical sociology, with extensive research on the Soviet Union, Russia, nationalism, social movements and global political economy. Subscribe to Know Time for conversations on history, philosophy, science, politics, culture, society and ideas. Georgi: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgi_Derluguian SUPPORT: Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/knowtime Anchor: https://anchor.fm/knowtime/support Youtube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCJ-937lA3_s2g5AxdpKQjVg/join Merch: https://know-time-shop.fourthwall.com/ PODCAST: Anchor: https://anchor.fm/knowtime Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/2CjRJPktODLDeHavCNDLGA Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/know-time/id1535371851?uo=4 CONNECT: Youtube: Subscribe! Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/knowtimetofly/ Instagram (Personal): https://www.instagram.com/shalajlawania/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/knowtimetofly Twitter (Personal): https://twitter.com/shalajlawania Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/knowtimetofly Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/knowtimetofly/ Merch: https://know-time-shop.fourthwall.com Blog: http://www.sadisticshalpy.com/ Producer & Host: Shalaj Lawania TIMELINE 0:00 Trailer 1:41 Introduction 2:50 Structure vs. Agency 12:01 The Great Man Theory 28:36 Georgi’s Journey 39:42 The History of Sociology 51:30 Why Did The Soviet Union Collapse? 1:08:18 Do Nations Have A Destiny? 1:15:45 World-Systems Perspective 1:22:11 Bias in Sociology 1:30:36 Lego & Meaning of Life #history #sovietunion #sociology

How do lasers work, and how can extreme laser light be used to study matter at the most fundamental level? In Know Time Episode 192, physicist G. Ravindra Kumar takes us from the basics of lasers to the cutting edge of nonlinear optics, intense light-matter interactions and particle physics. We explore how lasers generate and control light, what happens when extremely intense laser pulses interact with matter, and how these interactions can create extraordinary conditions that help scientists investigate fundamental physics. The conversation also explores nonlinear optics, high-intensity lasers, plasma physics, particle acceleration and laboratory experiments that recreate extreme, star-like conditions. If you're interested in lasers, quantum physics, particle physics, optics, plasma physics and how extreme light can reveal the fundamental nature of matter, this episode offers an accessible introduction to the science behind these experiments. 🎙️ Guest: G. Ravindra Kumar 🎧 Know Time Episode 192G. Ravindra Kumar: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G._Ravindra_Kumar SUPPORT: Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/knowtime Anchor: https://anchor.fm/knowtime/support Youtube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCJ-937lA3_s2g5AxdpKQjVg/join Merch: https://know-time-shop.fourthwall.com/ PODCAST: Anchor: https://anchor.fm/knowtime Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/2CjRJPktODLDeHavCNDLGA Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/know-time/id1535371851?uo=4 CONNECT: Youtube: Subscribe! Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/knowtimetofly/ Instagram (Personal): https://www.instagram.com/shalajlawania/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/knowtimetofly Twitter (Personal): https://twitter.com/shalajlawania Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/knowtimetofly Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/knowtimetofly/ Merch: https://know-time-shop.fourthwall.com Blog: http://www.sadisticshalpy.com/ Producer & Host: Shalaj Lawania TIMELINE 0:00 Trailer 1:33 Introduction 2:38 An Introduction To Lasers 14:24 How Does A Laser Work? 20:58 History 101: The Laser Race 34:41 Ravi’s Journey & Science in India 51:24 What Is Nonlinear Optics? 1:04:47 Extreme Light 1:11:55 Chirped Pulse Amplification 1:25:23 The Importance of Optics 1:30:47 The Light-Matter Interaction 1:39:15 What Is Plasma? 1:41:54 The Pump Probe Experiment 1:47:44 The Future of Optics 1:52:49 Research in India 2:01:41 Lego & Inspirations 2:06:39 Mysteries, Legacy & Meaning of Life #physics

Vishal Malhotra joins Know Time to talk about acting, 90s television, Bollywood, Disney, and his journey through some of India’s most memorable TV shows and films. From Ishq Vishk, Jannat and Kismat Konnection to Disney Hour, Shararat and Hip Hip Hurray, Vishal looks back at the roles and experiences that shaped his career as an actor and television personality. He also discusses the changing entertainment industry, growing up in the 90s, working in television and film, and what it was like to be part of some of the era’s most iconic shows. In this episode: • Acting and building a career in Bollywood • 90s Indian television and its cultural impact • Disney Hour and growing up on Indian television • Shararat and Hip Hip Hurray • Ishq Vishk, Jannat and Kismat Konnection • The transition between television and Bollywood • Nostalgia, pop culture and the changing entertainment industry Vishal: https://www.instagram.com/vishalmalhotra_actor/?hl=en SUPPORT: Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/knowtime Anchor: https://anchor.fm/knowtime/support Youtube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCJ-937lA3_s2g5AxdpKQjVg/join Merch: https://know-time-shop.fourthwall.com/ PODCAST: Anchor: https://anchor.fm/knowtime Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/2CjRJPktODLDeHavCNDLGA Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/know-time/id1535371851?uo=4 CONNECT: Youtube: Subscribe! Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/knowtimetofly/ Instagram (Personal): https://www.instagram.com/shalajlawania/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/knowtimetofly Twitter (Personal): https://twitter.com/shalajlawania Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/knowtimetofly Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/knowtimetofly/ Merch: https://know-time-shop.fourthwall.com Blog: http://www.sadisticshalpy.com/ Producer & Host: Shalaj Lawania TIMELINE 0:00 Trailer 1:24 Introduction 2:37 Destiny & Luck 4:07 Falling In Love With Entertainment 7:03 Vishal’s Journey 14:28 Good Television or Nostalgia? 20:54 Acting Techniques 24:44 Flow State 29:49 Iconic Characters 31:56 X Factor 38:09 Acting Partnerships & Govinda 44:11 Voice Acting45:15 Income Sources 49:56 Typecasting 56:12 Nepotism & PR 58:27 Lego, Inspirations, Legacy & Meaning of Life #bollywood

What does architecture tell us about power, inequality, cities and the way we imagine the future? In this episode of Know Time, architect, poet and writer Mustansir Dalvi joins us for a wide-ranging conversation about architecture, philosophy, Dharavi redevelopment and the idea of “fantasy architecture.” We explore how buildings and cities reflect social structures, Casa Battlo in Barcelona, the Dancing House in Prague, the Blur Building, Fish Building in Hyderabad, who gets to imagine and design the future of a city, and what happens when architectural visions collide with the lived realities of the people who inhabit them. We discuss Dharavi redevelopment, Mumbai, urban planning, architecture and inequality, the philosophy of architecture, speculative and fantasy architecture, public space, housing, displacement, and the relationship between architecture and power. Mustansir Dalvi brings together architecture, literature and philosophy to ask a deeper question: when we design cities, are we simply designing buildings, or are we designing society itself? Watch the full conversation for an exploration of architecture, urbanism, Mumbai and the politics of space. Mustansir: https://mustansirdalvi.com/ SUPPORT: Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/knowtime Anchor: https://anchor.fm/knowtime/support Youtube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCJ-937lA3_s2g5AxdpKQjVg/join Merch: https://know-time-shop.fourthwall.com/ PODCAST: Anchor: https://anchor.fm/knowtime Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/2CjRJPktODLDeHavCNDLGA Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/know-time/id1535371851?uo=4 CONNECT: Youtube: Subscribe! Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/knowtimetofly/ Instagram (Personal): https://www.instagram.com/shalajlawania/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/knowtimetofly Twitter (Personal): https://twitter.com/shalajlawania Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/knowtimetofly Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/knowtimetofly/ Merch: https://know-time-shop.fourthwall.com Blog: http://www.sadisticshalpy.com/ Producer & Host: Shalaj Lawania TIMELINE 0:00 Trailer 1:49 Introduction 4:01 The Ideal Architect 6:01 How Architecture Changes Your Life 7:38 Fantasy Architecture 101: Casa Battlo & The Dancing House 21:02 Mustansir’s Poem on Antoni Gaudi 24:07 Straight Lines vs. Curved 28:56 The Role of Imagination 31:58 Fantasy & Reality: Bag End from Lord of The Rings 39:24 Fantasy Architecture 101: Fish Building & Blur Building 43:46 Ephemeral Architecture 50:42 Redevelopment 101: The Bhendi Bazaar Project 1:00:47 Redevelopment Techniques 1:05:17 Philosophy of Architecture: Homes vs. Economic Units 1:13:27 The Role of Language 1:17:11 Private Spaces & Gated Communities 1:29:12 Do Spaces Have Power? 1:42:37 Lego, Advice & Meaning of Life #architecture

What happens when the laws of quantum physics meet the most extreme objects in the universe? In this episode of Know Time, theoretical physicist Shiraz Minwalla takes us deep into the world of black holes, quantum mechanics, string theory, quantum gravity, and the fundamental structure of reality. We explore some of the biggest questions in modern theoretical physics: What actually happens inside a black hole? Why is it so difficult to reconcile quantum mechanics with Einstein’s theory of general relativity? Could string theory provide a path toward a theory of quantum gravity? And what can black holes teach us about space, time, information, and the universe itself? Shiraz Minwalla is a leading theoretical physicist whose work spans string theory, quantum field theory, gravity, black holes, and mathematical physics. In this conversation, he explains these difficult ideas in an accessible way while exploring where our understanding of fundamental physics currently stands. Topics covered include: • Black holes and the black hole information paradox • Quantum mechanics and general relativity • String theory and quantum gravity • Quantum field theory • The nature of space and time • Hawking radiation • The holographic principle • The AdS/CFT correspondence • What happens inside black holes • The deepest unanswered questions in theoretical physics 🎙️ Guest: Shiraz Minwalla 🎧 Podcast: Know Time 📺 Episode: Know Time 189 Shiraz: https://www.infosysprize.org/laureates/2013/shiraz-naval-minwalla.html SUPPORT: Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/knowtime Anchor: https://anchor.fm/knowtime/support Youtube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCJ-937lA3_s2g5AxdpKQjVg/join Merch: https://know-time-shop.fourthwall.com/ PODCAST: Anchor: https://anchor.fm/knowtime Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/2CjRJPktODLDeHavCNDLGA Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/know-time/id1535371851?uo=4 CONNECT: Youtube: Subscribe! Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/knowtimetofly/ Instagram (Personal): https://www.instagram.com/shalajlawania/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/knowtimetofly Twitter (Personal): https://twitter.com/shalajlawania Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/knowtimetofly Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/knowtimetofly/ Merch: https://know-time-shop.fourthwall.com Blog: http://www.sadisticshalpy.com/ Producer & Host: Shalaj Lawania TIMELINE 0:00 Trailer 1:35 Introduction 2:37 What Is A Black Hole? 11:29 The Black Hole Information Paradox 22:53 Shiraz’s Journey 28:38 Timing & Luck in Physics & Academia 33:43 Anti-de Sitter Space, Conformal Field Theory & AdS/CFT Correspondence 50:59 Information Realism 54:30 Fluid Dynamics & Black Holes 1:06:19 What is String Theory & Quantum Gravity? 1:17:40 The Anthropic Principle 1:19:44 String Theory & Reality 1:26:25 Addressing Criticisms of String Theory 1:36:14 Lego, Mystery, Legacy & Meaning of Life #physics

How did Cyrus Sahukar become one of India’s most recognizable comedy and television personalities? In this episode of Know Time, Cyrus Sahukar talks about the fundamentals of comedy, sketch comedy, acting, and his journey through MTV India. Cyrus discusses the art of making people laugh, creating memorable characters and sketches, the influence of MTV on Indian youth culture, and what he has learned about acting and performance over the years. From comedy and improvisation to sketch writing, television, and acting, this conversation explores the craft behind one of India’s most versatile entertainers. Watch the full conversation with Cyrus Sahukar on Know Time. Cyrus: https://www.instagram.com/cyrus_sahukar/?hl=en SUPPORT: Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/knowtime Anchor: https://anchor.fm/knowtime/support Youtube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCJ-937lA3_s2g5AxdpKQjVg/join Merch: https://know-time-shop.fourthwall.com/ PODCAST: Anchor: https://anchor.fm/knowtime Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/2CjRJPktODLDeHavCNDLGA Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/know-time/id1535371851?uo=4 CONNECT: Youtube: Subscribe! Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/knowtimetofly/ Instagram (Personal): https://www.instagram.com/shalajlawania/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/knowtimetofly Twitter (Personal): https://twitter.com/shalajlawania Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/knowtimetofly Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/knowtimetofly/ Merch: https://know-time-shop.fourthwall.com Blog: http://www.sadisticshalpy.com/ Producer & Host: Shalaj Lawania TIMELINE 0:00 Trailer 1:40 Introduction 3:08 Purpose of Comedy 14:00 Cyrus’ Journey 21:14 Comedy 101: Ignorance & Naivety 25:35 Exploring Identity 29:42 The Evolution of Indian Comedy 33:11 MTV India 38:27 Comedy 101: Sketches, Parodies & Spoofs 43:54 How To Be Funny on Camera? 48:34 Hosting vs. Acting 51:50 Acting Prep 1:02:39 Lego & Inspirations (Books, Movies, Role Models) 1:06:54 Legacy & Meaning of Life #indiancomedy

How did India build affordable telecom, ATMs and technology for rural communities, and what can India’s startup ecosystem learn from that experience? In this episode of Know Time, Ashok Jhunjhunwala, one of India’s leading technology innovators and researchers, discusses the stories behind some of his most important innovations and his broader vision for using technology to solve India’s biggest development challenges. We explore the evolution of Indian telecom, the story of CorDECT and Wireless in Local Loop, and how affordable communications technology helped connect rural India. Jhunjhunwala also shares the story of GramaTeller ATMs, designed to make banking technology more affordable and accessible in villages and smaller towns. The conversation goes beyond individual technologies to examine rural development, frugal innovation, Indian startups, entrepreneurship, technology transfer, IITs, research and commercialization, and why India needs to build more technologies specifically for its own needs. What does it take to turn research into real-world impact? Why do some Indian innovations succeed while others struggle to scale? And how can India create a stronger ecosystem connecting universities, researchers, startups and industry? A wide-ranging conversation about technology, entrepreneurship, innovation and building for India. Subscribe to Know Time for long-form conversations with scientists, entrepreneurs, artists, academics and other fascinating thinkers. Ashok: https://www.linkedin.com/in/ashok-jhunjhunwala-4b273b181/ SUPPORT: Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/knowtime Anchor: https://anchor.fm/knowtime/supportYoutube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCJ-937lA3_s2g5AxdpKQjVg/join Merch: https://know-time-shop.fourthwall.com/ PODCAST: Anchor: https://anchor.fm/knowtime Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/2CjRJPktODLDeHavCNDLGA Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/know-time/id1535371851?uo=4 CONNECT: Youtube: Subscribe! Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/knowtimetofly/ Instagram (Personal): https://www.instagram.com/shalajlawania/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/knowtimetofly Twitter (Personal): https://twitter.com/shalajlawania Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/knowtimetofly Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/knowtimetofly/ Merch: https://know-time-shop.fourthwall.com Blog: http://www.sadisticshalpy.com/ Producer & Host: Shalaj Lawania TIMELINE 0:00 Trailer 1:50 Introduction 3:34 Ashok’s Journey & Motivation 15:21 License Raj & Hindu Rate of Growth 20:04 Developing Telecom for Indian Villages 25:08 Meeting Sam Pitroda 28:14 Developing Affordable ATMs for Indian Villages 32:12 Story of IIT Madras Research Park 39:44 The Problems with Incubators 44:42 Are IITs Underdelivering? 48:42 The Problems with IITs 50:50 Vision For India56:28 Lego Interpretation 1:01:51 Inspirations, Legacy & Meaning of Life #india #startupindia #startup

Gulshan Devaiah breaks down the craft of acting: from the fundamentals of performance and character-building to the acting techniques that help actors create believable, memorable characters. In this conversation, Gulshan Devaiah discusses acting techniques, the basics every aspiring actor should understand, his approach to preparing for roles, and what it takes to succeed as an actor in Bollywood and Indian cinema. A candid masterclass on acting, filmmaking, performance, and the realities of working in the Hindi film industry. Whether you're an aspiring actor, film student, Bollywood fan, or simply interested in how great performances are created, this episode offers practical insights into the art and craft of acting. 🎙️ Guest: Gulshan Devaiah 🎧 Know Time with Shalaj Lawania, Episode 186 Gulshan: https://www.instagram.com/gulshandevaiah78/ SUPPORT: Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/knowtime Anchor: https://anchor.fm/knowtime/support Youtube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCJ-937lA3_s2g5AxdpKQjVg/join Merch: https://know-time-shop.fourthwall.com/ PODCAST: Anchor: https://anchor.fm/knowtime Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/2CjRJPktODLDeHavCNDLGA Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/know-time/id1535371851?uo=4 CONNECT: Youtube: Subscribe! Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/knowtimetofly/ Instagram (Personal): https://www.instagram.com/shalajlawania/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/knowtimetofly Twitter (Personal): https://twitter.com/shalajlawania Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/knowtimetofly Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/knowtimetofly/ Blog: http://www.sadisticshalpy.com/ Producer & Host: Shalaj Lawania TIMELINE 0:00 Trailer 1:38 Introduction 2:50 The Love For Cinema 8:01 Nature vs. Nurture 13:55 Acting 101: Basics 19:43 Acting 101: Costume, Make-Up, Physicality & Props 27:31 Making of Mard Ko Dard Nahi Hota 34:43 Making of Badhaai Do 38:21 Acting 101: Breaking Rhythm 44:06 Making of 4-Cut Atmaram from Guns & Gulaabs 50:05 Preparation Techniques & Flow State 54:11 Playing Negative Roles 1:00:48 The Power of Cinema 1:04:25 Timing, Destiny & Luck 1:10:30 Taking Risks 1:14:18 PR, Networking & Social Media in Bollywood 1:25:39 Lego, Inspirations, Legacy & Meaning of Life #bollywood

What can data really tell us about India? In Know Time 185, journalist and author Rukmini S explains the basics of data, statistics and data journalism, and how numbers shape the way we understand India. Rukmini S discusses how to interpret statistics, the importance of reliable data in journalism, how data can be misunderstood or misrepresented, and what journalists and audiences should look for when evaluating claims about India's economy, population, crime, inequality and society. This conversation is a practical introduction to data journalism and statistics in India, and why understanding numbers is essential for understanding the country. Subscribe to Know Time for long-form conversations with leading thinkers, journalists, scientists, artists and public figures. Rukmini: https://x.com/Rukmini?lang=en SUPPORT: Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/knowtime Anchor: https://anchor.fm/knowtime/support Youtube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCJ-937lA3_s2g5AxdpKQjVg/join Merch: https://know-time-shop.fourthwall.com/ PODCAST: Anchor: https://anchor.fm/knowtime Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/2CjRJPktODLDeHavCNDLGA Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/know-time/id1535371851?uo=4 CONNECT: Youtube: Subscribe! Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/knowtimetofly/ Instagram (Personal): https://www.instagram.com/shalajlawania/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/knowtimetofly Twitter (Personal): https://twitter.com/shalajlawania Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/knowtimetofly Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/knowtimetofly/ Blog: http://www.sadisticshalpy.com/ Producer & Host: Shalaj Lawania TIMELINE 0:00 Trailer 1:23 Introduction 2:47 Case Study: Crimes Against Women in India 6:50 Rukmini’s Journey 12:41 Facts vs. Feelings 18:46 Case Study: Who Is Actually Middle Class in India? 21:00 Data vs. Human Psychology 24:02 The Loss of Context & Nuance in Data 29:21 Case Study: The Problems With Data in India 35:16 Who Gets To Create Data? 39:28 The Problems With Data Presented by AI Models 44:15 Data & Politics 52:18 Politics, Media & Journalism 59:24 Lego, Inspirations, Legacy & Meaning of Life #data #journalism #india

Nandita Das takes us inside the world of filmmaking, acting, Bollywood, storytelling and activism in this wide-ranging conversation on Know Time. What does it really take to make a film? Nandita breaks down the fundamentals of filmmaking and acting, from physicality and performance to props, character and the collaborative nature of cinema. She also explores the relationship between art and economics, whether every film needs to have a social message, and the responsibilities of artists in an increasingly divided world. We discuss the craft of acting, the purpose of cinema, filmmaking as a form of activism, and why stories can influence the way we understand society and ourselves. Topics covered: • Filmmaking 101 • Acting fundamentals, physicality & props • The craft of storytelling • Art vs. economics in cinema • Should every film have a social message? • Cinema, activism & social responsibility • The role of artists in society • Bollywood and the film industry • Nandita Das on making meaningful cinema Subscribe to Know Time for conversations with fascinating people across cinema, culture, science, politics, business and beyond. Nandita: https://www.instagram.com/nanditadasofficial/?hl=en SUPPORT: Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/knowtime Anchor: https://anchor.fm/knowtime/support Youtube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCJ-937lA3_s2g5AxdpKQjVg/join Merch: https://know-time-shop.fourthwall.com/ PODCAST: Anchor: https://anchor.fm/knowtime Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/2CjRJPktODLDeHavCNDLGA Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/know-time/id1535371851?uo=4 CONNECT: Youtube: Subscribe! Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/knowtimetofly/ Instagram (Personal): https://www.instagram.com/shalajlawania/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/knowtimetofly Twitter (Personal): https://twitter.com/shalajlawania Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/knowtimetofly Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/knowtimetofly/ Blog: http://www.sadisticshalpy.com/ Producer & Host: Shalaj Lawania TIMELINE 0:00 Trailer 1:54 Introduction 3:27 Nandita’s Journey 12:10 Nature vs. Nurture 21:53 Acting 101: Basics, Physicality & Props 32:43 Acting 101: Playing Negative Roles 38:24 Safdar Hashmi & Jan Natya Manch 42:48 Does Every Film Need To Send A Message? 49:12 The Power of Movies 55:05 Who Creates Stories? 1:00:10 Filmmaking 101: Silence & Slow Builds 1:06:02 Art vs. Economics 1:10:40 Role PR, Marketing & Networking 1:14:48 Inspirations (Books, Movies, Role Models), Legacy & Meaning of Life #bollywood

What is nationalism? How did the modern idea of India emerge? What is Hindutva and Hindu nationalism, and how does it differ from Indian nationalism? In this episode of Know Time, scholar Jyotirmaya Sharma explores the history of political ideas that have shaped modern India. The conversation examines the origins of nationalism, the intellectual foundations of Hindutva, the evolution of Indian political thought, the role of religion in politics, identity, secularism, democracy, and the debates that continue to influence India's future. Whether you're interested in political theory, Indian history, philosophy, or contemporary politics, this episode offers a thoughtful and nuanced discussion on some of the most important ideas of our time. Topics covered: What is nationalism? The origins of the modern nation-state Hindutva and its intellectual rootsIndian nationalism and identityReligion and politics Secularism and democracy Political philosophy The future of India Subscribe to Know Time for long-form conversations with leading thinkers, scientists, authors, athletes, and innovators from around the world. Jyotirmaya: https://socialsciences.uohyd.ac.in/polscience/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2020/06/Jyotirmaya-Sharma.pdf SUPPORT: Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/knowtime Anchor: https://anchor.fm/knowtime/support Youtube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCJ-937lA3_s2g5AxdpKQjVg/join Merch: https://know-time-shop.fourthwall.com/ PODCAST: Anchor: https://anchor.fm/knowtime Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/2CjRJPktODLDeHavCNDLGA Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/know-time/id1535371851?uo=4 CONNECT: Youtube: Subscribe! Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/knowtimetofly/ Instagram (Personal): https://www.instagram.com/shalajlawania/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/knowtimetofly Twitter (Personal): https://twitter.com/shalajlawania Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/knowtimetofly Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/knowtimetofly/ Blog: http://www.sadisticshalpy.com/ Producer & Host: Shalaj Lawania TIMELINE 0:00 Trailer 1:48 Introduction 3:27 Does Every Nation Need A Core? 17:35 Jyotirmaya’s Journey 25:36 Political Theory 101: Is Nationalism A Social Construct? 31:50 Discipline, Punishment & Knowledge 45:51 Spirit of a Nation 1:07:10 Hindu Nationalism 1:40:25 The Beauty of Religion 1:49:05 Great Man Theory vs. Historical Materialism 2:00:18 Lego, Inspirations, Legacy & Meaning of Life #politics #indianpolitics #hindutva

Explore the fascinating history, architecture, and politics of Chennai (Madras) with Sriram V on Know Time Episode 182. From the origins of Madras under the British East India Company to the city's incredible architectural heritage, Dravidian identity, and political movements that shaped Tamil Nadu, this conversation uncovers the many layers behind one of India's most historic cities. Sriram V shares insights into Chennai's colonial buildings, Tamil culture, urban transformation, cinema, Dravidian politics, and how the city evolved from a trading settlement into a global metropolis. Discover the stories behind Fort St. George, Indo-Saracenic architecture, Chennai's neighborhoods, and the cultural forces that continue to define Tamil Nadu. If you love Indian history, Chennai heritage, architecture, Tamil Nadu politics, urban development, and cultural storytelling, this episode offers a deep dive into the soul of Chennai. 🎙️ Featuring: Sriram V 📍 Know Time Episode 182 Sriram: https://www.instagram.com/originalmadrasmobile/?hl=en SUPPORT: Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/knowtime Anchor: https://anchor.fm/knowtime/support Youtube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCJ-937lA3_s2g5AxdpKQjVg/join Merch: https://know-time-shop.fourthwall.com/ PODCAST: Anchor: https://anchor.fm/knowtime Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/2CjRJPktODLDeHavCNDLGAApple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/know-time/id1535371851?uo=4 CONNECT: Youtube: Subscribe! Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/knowtimetofly/ Instagram (Personal): https://www.instagram.com/shalajlawania/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/knowtimetofly Twitter (Personal): https://twitter.com/shalajlawania Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/knowtimetofly Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/knowtimetofly/ Blog: http://www.sadisticshalpy.com/ Producer & Host: Shalaj Lawania TIMELINE 0:00 Trailer 1:50 Introduction 2:57 The History of the Origins of Madras 11:30 Sriram’s Journey 21:22 Chennai vs. Madras: The Name Controversy 24:00 Religious Monuments of Chennai 35:47 The Story of Chepauk Palace 42:57 Chennai Architecture 49:21 History of Tamil Nadu Politics 1:01:33 Water Dispute1:09:01 Chennai’s Role in India 1:17:10 Conservation 1:20:40 Lego, Inspirations, Legacy & Meaning of Life #chennai #tamilnadu #history