Advertise on podcast: Nuremberg: The Trial of the Nazi War Criminals

On 30th September 1946, the Judges announce their verdicts. And the sentences to be imposed – death or imprisonment or freedom. But come the night of the executions, Hermann Goering has one last surprise. And now it’s time for the verdicts: 11 will be hanged, 7 are given prison sentences and 3 are set free. Everyone is surprised by the acquittals and at a hasty press conference, the free men trade autographs for chocolate (but are re-arrested by German authorities as soon as they leave the building). Meanwhile Sergeant Woods, the US Army’s hangman, is on site, building the gallows. The night comes but Goering has managed to hide one last cyanide capsule to evade the noose. Starring Nicholas Woodeson as Sir Geoffrey Lawrence and featuring Nathan Wiley as Master Sergeant Woods, the US Army’s executioner. Emma Schwabenland - NATALIE DORMER Sir Geoffrey Lawrence - NICHOLAS WOODESON Francis Biddle - CLIVE WOOD Iona Nikitchenko - HENRY GOODMAN Sir David Maxwell-Fyfe - FORBES MASSON Colonel Burton Andrus - JOSEPH ALESSI Hermann Goering - NIGEL LINDSAY Rudolf Hess - JOSEPH MYDELL New York Post Reporter - HARI DHILLON Daily Express Reporter - ROSIE SHEEHY Sir Norman Birkett and other roles - ANDREW WOODALL John Parker and other roles - NATHAN WILEY Henri De Vabres and other roles - JONATHAN CULLEN Pastor Gerecke and other roles - ILAN GOODMAN Otto Kranzbühler and other roles - MARK EDEL-HUNT Joachim von Ribbentrop and other roles - JASPER BRITTON Titles - LEWIS MACLEOD Sound Designer - ADAM WOODHAMS Studio Manager - MARK SMITH Casting Director - GINNY SCHILLER Original Score - METAPHOR MUSIC Writer and Director - JONATHAN MYERSON Producer - NICHOLAS NEWTON A Promenade Production for BBC Radio 4 and BBC Sounds

After 216 days in the courtroom, the judges must arrive at their verdicts – the debate will be fierce. Outside, some expect all the Nazis to hang, others predict prison or even acquittal. And while they wait, the Accused are allowed visitors for the first time. And maybe the last time. As the judges argue, the prisoners are allowed visitors for the first time. Emma Schwabenland, an American translator, is given the job of organising the Visitors Room, and Pastor Gerecke, an American Lutheran, is under-employed tending to their spiritual needs. And upstairs the eight judges (two from each country) debate the appropriate sentences – the Russians want everyone found guilty and hanged, the other judges take a more nuanced view...Starring Natalie Dormer as Emma Schwabenland and featuring Ilan Goodman as Pastor Henry Gerecke. Emma Schwabenland - NATALIE DORMER Robert H Jackson - JOSEPH MYDELL Hermann Goering - NIGEL LINDSAY Emmy Goering - SOPHIA PETTIT Pastor Gerecke - ILAN GOODMAN Sir Geoffrey Lawrence - NICHOLAS WOODESON Iona Nikitchenko - HENRY GOODMAN Robert Falco - HARI DHILLON Francis Biddle - CLIVE WOOD Sir Norman Birkett and other roles - ANDREW WOODALL Henri De Vabres and other roles - JONATHAN CULLEN John Parker and other roles - NATHAN WILEY Albert Speer and other roles - JOSEPH ALESSI Niklas Frank and other roles - ROSIE SHEEHY Otto Kranzbühler and other roles - MARK EDEL-HUNT Joachim von Ribbentrop and other roles - JASPER BRITTON Titles - LEWIS MACLEOD Sound Designer - ADAM WOODHAMS Studio Manager - MARK SMITH Casting Director - GINNY SCHILLER Original Score - METAPHOR MUSIC Writer and Director - JONATHAN MYERSON Producer - NICHOLAS NEWTON A Promenade Production for BBC Radio 4 and BBC Sounds

As more evidence emerges of Nazi Crimes – the camps, the slave labour ministry, the euthanasia programme – all Germans must come to terms with their own individual guilt. They can no longer pretend they didn’t know. The Accused Men employ a range of limp excuses for their behaviour, claiming they knew nothing, that it was all done by Himmler (now conveniently dead), that they had no choice. But the testimony of Hermann Graebe, a German engineer working in occupied Ukraine, who stumbled across a mass shooting, silences the courtroom and brings home to Christa, a German civilian working at the Court, the enormity of the Nazi crimes. (Graebe was later named one of the Righteous Among Nations at the Yad Vashem Memorial). Starring Rosie Sheehy as Christa and featuring Henry Goodman as Hermann Graebe, witness to a mass execution. Madeleine Jacob - ALEX KINGSTON Christa - ROSIE SHEEHY Hermann Graebe - HENRY GOODMAN Herald Tribune Reporter - CLIVE WOOD Daily Mirror Reporter - ANDREW WOODALL New York Post Reporter - HARI DHILLON Sir Geoffrey Lawrence - NICHOLAS WOODESON John Amen - JOSEPH ALESSI Roman Rudenko - NIGEL LINDSAY Sir David Maxwell-Fyfe - FORBES MASSON Marie-Claude Vaillant-Couturier - KATE PHILLIPS Rudolf Hoess - JASPER BRITTON Wilhelm Keitel - JONATHAN CULLEN Walther Funk and other roles - ILAN GOODMAN Fritz Sauckel and other roles - MARK EDEL-HUNT Titles - LEWIS MACLEOD Sound Designer - ADAM WOODHAMS Studio Manager - MARK SMITH Casting Director - GINNY SCHILLER Original Score - METAPHOR MUSIC Writer and Director - JONATHAN MYERSON Producer - NICHOLAS NEWTON A Promenade Production for BBC Radio 4 and BBC Sounds

April 1946, the trial continues but the German people either don’t believe the evidence or just ignore it. Is it because or in spite of the horrific evidence? But they have to start paying attention – only then can the healing begin. Trial fatigue is setting in: British and American newspapers only want the gruesome stories, and the Germans are doggedly uninterested – it’s either lies or they should just get on and execute them. Even Otto Ohlendorf, who led an SS Einsatzkommando which cold-bloodedly shot 90,000 Jews, talks like an accountant. Starring Alex Kingston as Madeleine Jacob, French foreign correspondent and featuring Jonathan Cullen as Otto Ohlendorf, called to give testimony of his own soldiers’ barbarism. Madeleine Jacob - ALEX KINGSTON Christa - ROSIE SHEEHY Daily Mirror Reporter - ANDREW WOODALL New York Post Reporter - HARI DHILLON Herald Tribune Reporter - CLIVE WOOD Sir David Maxwell-Fyfe - FORBES MASSON John Amen - JOSEPH ALESSI Roman Rudenko - NIGEL LINDSAY Charles Dubost - ILAN GOODMAN Bishop of Limburg - NATHAN WILEY Robert H Jackson - JOSEPH MYDELL Titles - LEWIS MACLEOD Sound Designer - ADAM WOODHAMS Studio Manager - MARK SMITH Casting Director - GINNY SCHILLER Original Score - METAPHOR MUSIC Writer and Director - JONATHAN MYERSON Producer - NICHOLAS NEWTON A Promenade Production for BBC Radio 4 and BBC Sounds

March 1946 and it’s time to hear the Defence Case. Goering is first into the witness box but he seems unashamed, proud of what the Nazis achieved. His duel with the prosecutors begins and they have to outwit him, have to find a way to demolish his attempt at martyrdom. Once in the witness box, Hermann Goering, unlike the other defendants, doesn’t pretend to be ignorant of what went on or claim that his signature was faked. He is proud of what the Nazi Regime achieved for Germany and intends to go down in a blaze of Wagnerian martyrdom. This wrong-foots Jackson during his cross-examination but when Maxwell-Fyfe takes over, he forces Goering to admit to the shabby, gangsterism of the Nazi machine. Starring Nigel Lindsay as Hermann Goering and Forbes Masson as Sir David Maxwell-Fyfe. Gustav Gilbert - ED STOPPARD Robert H Jackson - JOSEPH MYDELL Hermann Goering - NIGEL LINDSAY Sir Geoffrey Lawrence - NICHOLAS WOODESON Sir David Maxwell-Fyfe - FORBES MASSON Julius Streicher - HENRY GOODMAN Court Marshall - JASPER BRITTON Titles - LEWIS MACLEOD Sound Designer - ADAM WOODHAMS Studio Manager - MARK SMITH Casting Director - GINNY SCHILLER Original Score - METAPHOR MUSIC Writer and Director - JONATHAN MYERSON Producer - NICHOLAS NEWTON A Promenade Production for BBC Radio 4 and BBC Sounds

The trial is underway but the accused men in the dock seem almost proud of what they did. Some of the Nazi documents are chilling but there are simply too many of them. It will need something much more real to show the world the enormity of their crimes. And soon it’s clear there’s a danger of the American team relying too heavily on documents alone – the trial is becoming bogged down. The Defendants are even starting to feel they’re winning...until the American Prosecutors change tack and show a 60-minute film of footage taken at the Concentration Camps. Nobody has seen anything like it. The courtroom is reduced to silence, the defendants finally cowed. Featuring Hari Dhillon as Colonel Robert Storey, Deputy American Prosecutor, and Andrew Woodall as Adolf Hitler. Tatiana Sablikova - AMANDA RYAN Robert H Jackson - JOSEPH MYDELL Sir Geoffrey Lawrence - NICHOLAS WOODESON Robert Storey - HARI DHILLON Sir David Maxwell-Fyfe - FORBES MASSON Hermann Goering - NIGEL LINDSAY Julius Streicher - HENRY GOODMAN Wilhelm Keitel - JONATHAN CULLEN Hans Marx and other roles - ILAN GOODMAN Adolf Hitler and other roles - ANDREW WOODALL Joachim von Ribbentrop and other roles - JASPER BRITTON GI and other roles - NATHAN WILEY Titles - LEWIS MACLEOD Sound Designer - ADAM WOODHAMS Studio Manager - MARK SMITH Casting Director - GINNY SCHILLER Original Score - METAPHOR MUSIC Writer and Director - JONATHAN MYERSON Producer - NICHOLAS NEWTON A Promenade Production for BBC Radio 4 and BBC Sounds

January 1946, the army psychologist assigned to look after the Accused has a never-to-be-repeated chance to examine evil, close-up, day-by-day. What made these 22 men capable of such horrific acts? He spends time with them, he runs tests: just what will it reveal? Gustav Gilbert, a German-speaking US Army Psychologist, is assigned to Nuremberg Prison to examine and watch over the defendants. The defendants value the chance to speak to him and he lets them – he writes up daily, copious notes of his conversations. Will he find the mystery of human evil? Starring Ed Stoppard as Gustav Gilbert, a New York psychologist, and featuring Jasper Britton as Joachim von Ribbentrop, once Hitler’s Foreign Minister. Gustav Gilbert - ED STOPPARD Douglas Kelley - ILAN GOODMAN Robert H Jackson - JOSEPH MYDELL Sir Geoffrey Lawrence - NICHOLAS WOODESON Hermann Goering - NIGEL LINDSAY Edda Goering - ROSIE SHEEHY Emmy Goering - SOPHIA PETTIT Sir David Maxwell-Fyfe - FORBES MASSON Albert Kesselring and other roles - CLIVE WOOD John Amen - JOSEPH ALESSI Joachim von Ribbentrop - JASPER BRITTON Ernst Kaltenbrunner - JONATHAN CULLEN Otto Kranzbühler and other roles - MARK EDEL-HUNT Admiral Nimitz and other roles - NATHAN WILEY Alfred Seidl and other roles - HARI DHILLON Hans Frank and other roles - ANDREW WOODALL Titles - LEWIS MACLEOD Sound Designer - ADAM WOODHAMS Studio Manager - MARK SMITH Casting Director - GINNY SCHILLER Original Score - METAPHOR MUSIC Writer and Director - JONATHAN MYERSON Producer - NICHOLAS NEWTON A Promenade Production for BBC Radio 4 and BBC Sounds

20th November 1945 and the Defendants take their place in the dock – 22 of the most senior Nazis, representing each component of Hitler’s machine. But without simultaneous translation the trial will be unworkable – are the interpreters ready? Can they manage 100 words-per-minute? This has never been done before. Nuremberg was the first ever use of simultaneous translation of every spoken word, into at least three other languages...they said it couldn’t be done. But it was. And the trial would have been impossible without it. And once the indictments have been read, Robert Jackson, Chief US Prosecutor stands to make the opening speech. Starring Amanda Ryan as Tatiana Sablikova, a Russian translator and Joseph Mydell as Robert H Jackson. Tatiana Sablikova - AMANDA RYAN Leon Dostert - CLIVE WOOD Robert H Jackson - JOSEPH MYDELL Sir Geoffrey Lawrence - NICHOLAS WOODESON Robert Storey- HARI DHILLON Sir David Maxwell-Fyfe- FORBES MASSON Albert Speer - JOSEPH ALESSI Hermann Goering and other roles - NIGEL LINDSAY Joachim von Ribbentrop and other roles - JASPER BRITTON Hans Fritzsche and other roles - NATHAN WILEY Wilhelm Keitel - JONATHAN CULLEN Russian Interpreter and other roles - ILAN GOODMAN German Interpreter and other roles - MARK EDEL-HUNT French Interpreter and other roles - ANDREW WOODALL Russian Prosecutor - HENRY GOODMAN Titles - LEWIS MACLEOD Sound Designer - ADAM WOODHAMS Studio Manager - MARK SMITH Casting Director - GINNY SCHILLER Original Score - METAPHOR MUSIC Writer and Director - JONATHAN MYERSON Producer - NICHOLAS NEWTON A Promenade Production for BBC Radio 4 and BBC Sounds

October 1945 and the trial starts in less than a month – but do the Russians genuinely want it to happen? They seem to be employing delaying tactics – is it because they can also be accused of war crimes? Or is it just another regular SNAFU? Each day brings a new problem: first, to find enough German lawyers to represent the 22 defendants (but access to American PX supplies closes the deal for most of them)...can Russia provide translations of its documents (Stalin had executed most people in Russia who could speak a foreign language)?...the rivalry between the judges (Biddle expected to be appointed President of the Court, but Truman conceded it should be the British judge)...and yet, somehow, they manage to start on time. Starring Nicholas Woodeson as Sir Geoffrey Lawrence, the President of the Court and Nathan Wiley as Judge Parker. Major Airey Neave - FREDDIE FOX Peggy - ROSIE SHEEHY Robert H Jackson - JOSEPH MYDELL Sir Geoffrey Lawrence - NICHOLAS WOODESON Sir David Maxwell-Fyfe - FORBES MASSON Iona Nikitchenko - HENRY GOODMAN Judge Biddle - CLIVE WOOD John Amen - JOSEPH ALESSI Roman Rudenko - NIGEL LINDSAY Judge Parker - NATHAN WILEY Gustav Hilger - JASPER BRITTON Henri Donnedieu de Vabres - JONATHAN CULLEN Sir Norman Birkett and other roles - ANDREW WOODALL Titles - LEWIS MACLEOD Sound Designer - ADAM WOODHAMS Studio Manager - MARK SMITH Casting Director - GINNY SCHILLER Original Score - METAPHOR MUSIC Writer and Director - JONATHAN MYERSON Producer - NICHOLAS NEWTON A Promenade Production for BBC Radio 4 and BBC Sounds

September 1945. Everyone is gathering in Nuremberg for the ‘Trial Of The Century’ except the courtroom isn’t ready, the judges are still in Berlin and none of the Nazis have lawyers – and exactly who will be formally accused? It’s the last few weeks before the trial: who will actually be indicted? The names keep changing – and there are still some surprises...and blunders. And will the courtroom be rebuilt on time? It doesn’t help when the floor collapses. And who will actually serve the indictments on the defendants? Major Neave, fluent German-speaker and first man to escape from Colditz, is tasked with serving the indictments. Starring Freddie Fox as Major Airey Neave, Court Liaison Officer, and featuring Clive Wood as Francis Biddle, Principal American judge. Major Airey Neave - FREDDIE FOX Peggy - ROSIE SHEEHY Robert H Jackson - JOSEPH MYDELL Sir Geoffrey Lawrence - NICHOLAS WOODESON Sir David Maxwell-Fyfe - FORBES MASSON Judge Biddle - CLIVE WOOD Colonel Burton Andrus - JOSEPH ALESSI Hermann Goering - NIGEL LINDSAY Iona Nikitchenko - HENRY GOODMAN Harold Willey and other roles - ILAN GOODMAN Sir Norman Birkett and other roles - ANDREW WOODALL Colonel Gill and other roles - NATHAN WILEY Joachim von Ribbentrop and other roles - JASPER BRITTON Henri Donnedieu de Vabres and other roles - JONATHAN CULLEN Titles - LEWIS MACLEOD Sound Designer - ADAM WOODHAMS Studio Manager - MARK SMITH Casting Director - GINNY SCHILLER Original Score - METAPHOR MUSIC Writer and Director - JONATHAN MYERSON Producer - NICHOLAS NEWTON A Promenade Production for BBC Radio 4 and BBC Sounds

When Allied soldiers first encounter the Concentration Camps in Germany, it’s hard to believe: millions worked or starved to death. But now the investigators start to hear about the camps in the East – especially a place called Auschwitz – designed only to exterminate. And in Hamburg, two Jewish German refugees now lead the British Army investigation into Tesch & Stabenow AG. It appears to be a harmless pest-control company...but it also marketed Zyklon B, the principal poison gas used in the camps. The trouble is, the British Administration needs Tesch & Stabenow to keep working, needs its products to fumigate factories and ships in the harbour. Featuring Mark Edel-Hunt as Captain Anton Freud and Andrew Woodall as Sergeant Fred Pelican, War Crimes Investigators. Cast: Roger Barrett - LUKE NORRIS Charles Bendel - HENRY GOODMAN Robert Storey - HARI DHILLON John Amen - JOSEPH ALESSI Robert H Jackson - JOSEPH MYDELL Colonel Leo Genn - NICHOLAS WOODESON Captain Anton Freud - MARK EDEL-HUNT Sergeant Fred Pelican - ANDREW WOODALL Bruno Tesch and other roles - JONATHAN CULLEN Alfred Zaun and other roles - NIGEL LINDSAY Emil Sehm and other roles - JASPER BRITTON Titles - LEWIS MACLEOD Sound Designer - ADAM WOODHAMS Studio Manager - MARK SMITH Casting Director - GINNY SCHILLER Original Score - METAPHOR MUSIC Writer and Director - JONATHAN MYERSON Producer - NICHOLAS NEWTON A Promenade Production for BBC Radio 4 and BBC Sounds

August 1945, the war is over, and the evidence is building up. If anything there’s too much paperwork, too many files – the Nazi machine insisted on recording everything. But are these documents sufficient – or will they need to hear from the victims themselves? Meanwhile, across Germany, ordinary soldiers are stumbling across the concentration camps, shocked and stunned by what they find. The British drive into Belsen having been told it was ‘just a typhus hospital’. But when they start taking affidavits from prisoners, the investigators start to hear about a place in the East called Auschwitz-Birkenau – and the witnesses talk about gas chambers and industrial-scale killing. It’s unbelievable. Starring Luke Norris as Roger Barrett, lawyer in charge of the Nuremberg Documents Room, and featuring Rosie Sheehy as Ada Bimko, a Polish Survivor of Auschwitz. Cast: Roger Barrett - LUKE NORRIS Robert Storey - HARI DHILLON John Amen - JOSEPH ALESSI Robert H Jackson - JOSEPH MYDELL Colonel Leo Genn - NICHOLAS WOODESON Fritz Leo - NIGEL LINDSAY Ada Bimko - ROSIE SHEEHY Captain Galitzine - ILAN GOODMAN Captain Smallwood and other roles - MARK EDEL-HUNT Major Williams and other roles - NATHAN WILEY Heinrich Hoffman and other roles - JASPER BRITTON Wilhelm Keitel and other roles - JONATHAN CULLEN Lord Cadogan and other roles - ANDREW WOODALL Quartermaster Sergeant and other roles - CLIVE WOOD Titles - LEWIS MACLEOD Sound Designer - ADAM WOODHAMS Studio Manager - MARK SMITH Casting Director - GINNY SCHILLER Original Score - METAPHOR MUSIC Writer and Director - JONATHAN MYERSON Producer - NICHOLAS NEWTON A Promenade Production for BBC Radio 4 and BBC Sounds