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In July 1918, Russia's last emperor, Nicholas II, his wife Alexandra, their five children and four loyal attendants were murdered in the Ipatiev House in Yekaterinburg. For decades, the disappearance of their remains fuelled rumours that Anastasia Romanov had survived. From the family's final months in captivity to the investigation, disputed survival claims and eventual DNA discoveries, this episode explores the murders of the Romanov family and the mystery that endured for nearly a century. Support Historical True Crime on Patreon Love Historical True Crime? Support the podcast on Patreon for access to exclusive bonus episodes, including historical murders, mysterious disappearances and fascinating cases you won't hear on the main feed. Your support helps keep the podcast going and allows me to continue bringing these stories to life. Join us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/historicaltruecrime Source Materials Helen Rappaport, The Last Days of the Romanovs: Tragedy at Ekaterinburg (2008) Helen Rappaport, The Romanov Sisters: The Lost Lives of the Daughters of Nicholas and Alexandra (2014) Pierre Gilliard, Thirteen Years at the Russian Court Robert Wilton, The Last Days of the Romanovs (1920) Joshua Hammer, “Resurrecting the Czar,” Smithsonian Magazine (2010) Michael D. Coble et al., “Mystery Solved: The Identification of the Two Missing Romanov Children Using DNA Analysis,” PLOS ONE (2009) Michael D. Coble, “The Identification of the Romanovs: Can We (Finally) Put the Controversies to Rest?” Investigative Genetics (2011)

In 1877, Harriet Staunton died after months of isolation at a cottage in Kent. Her husband, his brother, sister-in-law and mistress were charged with her murder in a case that became known as the Penge Murder. But when doctors disagreed over whether Harriet had died from starvation or disease, the verdict sparked a controversy that would change the fate of all four defendants. Love Historical True Crime? Join us on Patreon for bonus episodes, extra historical mysteries and more stories that don’t make it onto the main feed. Your support helps keep the podcast going and means so much to me. You can find us at patreon.com/historicaltruecrime.Source Materials J. B. Atlay, Trial of the Stauntons (1911) Old Bailey Proceedings, Trial of Louis Staunton, Patrick Staunton, Elizabeth Staunton and Alice Rhodes (September 1877) J. E. Wilkinson et al., “Report of Post Mortem Examination, and on the Cause of Death, of Harriet Staunton, Aged Thirty-Five,” The British Medical Journal (October 27, 1877) Dr. J. F. Payne, commentary on the Staunton case, The British Medical Journal (October 27, 1877) Dr. W. S. Greenfield, “Some Remarks on the Medical Evidence in the Staunton Case,” The Lancet (October 6, 1877) The Lancet, contemporary commentary on the Staunton verdict and medical evidence (1877) The Daily Telegraph, contemporary reporting and correspondence on the Penge Murder (1877) Lilly Library, Indiana University, Off the Pedestal: Images of Women in Victorian Broadsides, Ephemera, and Books

In 1924, George Mallory and Sandy Irvine disappeared high on Mount Everest, leaving behind one of mountaineering’s most enduring mysteries. A century later, new discoveries have added clues but still no definitive answer. Did they reachthe summit nearly 30 years before Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay? In this episode, we trace the 1924 Everest expedition, Mallory and Irvine’s final climb, the evidence found in the decades since, and the 2024 discovery believed to be linked to Irvine. Love Historical True Crime and want more? Join me on Patreon for bonus episodes and extra historical deep dives that don’t make it onto the main feed. Your support also helps keep the show independent and makes it possible for me to keep researching and producing new episodes. Patreon.com/historicaltruecrime Source Materials Wade Davis, Into the Silence: The Great War, Mallory, and the Conquest of Everest E. F. Norton et al., The Fight for Everest: 1924 Noel E. Odell, “The Last Climb of Mallory and Irvine,” The Geographical Journal (1924) Royal Geographical Society, “The Mount Everest Expedition of 1924,” The Geographical Journal (1924) Grayson Schaffer, “Exclusive: Remains of Andrew ‘Sandy’ Irvine Believed to Have Been Found on Everest,” National Geographic (2024) Tessa Wong and Flora Drury, “Family Tells of ‘Relief’ After 1924 Climber’s Foot Found on Everest,” BBC News (2024) Mark Synnott, “The Mystery of Mallory and Irvine,” Artful Living (2024) Aberdeen Press and Journal, “More Light on Everest Disaster: Mr Odell’s Last View of Lost Climbers” (1924)

When Sarah Hart died suddenly in 1845, suspicion quickly fell on John Tawell. His attempt to leave by train became one of the earliest famous examples of the electric telegraph being used to track a murder suspect. But behind the technological milestone was a complicated case involving poison, disputedforensic evidence, and a woman whose story was often overshadowed by the method used to catch her killer. For more exclusive content, check out our Patreon at patreon.com/historicaltruecrime Source Materials Carol Baxter, The Peculiar Case of the Electric Constable: A True Tale of Passion, Poison & Pursuit (Oneworld, 2013) David Skae, Trial of John Tawell for the Murder of Sarah Hart by Prussic Acid: With Remarks (1845) G. L. Strauss, Remarks and Comments on the Medical and Chemical Evidence Adduced at the Trial of John Tawell (1845) G. Lathom Browne and C. G. Stewart, Reports of Trials for Murder by Poisoning (1883) Iwan Rhys Morus, “‘The Nervous System of Britain’: Space, Time and the Electric Telegraph in the Victorian Age,” British Journal for the History of Science, Vol. 33 (2000) The Sydney Morning Herald, “English News / Trial of John Tawell,” July 11, 1845 The Commercial Journal and Advertiser (Sydney), report on the trial of John Tawell, July 12, 1845 The Melbourne Courier, “Trial of John Tawell,” July 21, 1845 The Australian, “The Convict John Tawell,” July 1845 The Australian, “John Tawell,” July 22, 1845, reprinted from the Hampshire Advertiser The Launceston Advertiser, “Execution of John Tawell,” July 10, 1845 Contemporary 1845 biographical accounts of John Tawell reprinted in the Australian press Andrew Wynter, “The Electric Telegraph,” The Quarterly Review (1854)

In 1817, twenty-year-old Mary Ashford was found dead after attending a dance near Birmingham. Abraham Thornton was tried and acquitted of her murder, but the case was far from over. What followed was an extraordinary legal battle involving an ancient appeal of murder, a demand for trial by combat, and a law England had somehow never abolished. Check out our Patreon at patreon.com/historicaltruecrime Source Materials Naomi Clifford, The Murder of Mary Ashford: The Crime That Changed English Legal History (2018) John Cooper, A Report of the Proceedings Against Abraham Thornton at Warwick Summer Assizes, 1817, for the Murder of Mary Ashford; and Subsequently in the Court of King’s Bench (1818) John Fairburn, The Affecting Case of Mary Ashford (1817) John Fairburn, Thornton’s Second Trial: The Whole Proceedings of the Extraordinary Trial of Abraham Thornton, for the Murder of Mary Ashford (c. 1818) Edward Holroyd, Observations upon the Case of Abraham Thornton, Who Was Tried at Warwick, for the Murder of Mary Ashford: Shewing the Danger of Pressing Presumptive Evidence Too Far (1819) Ashford v. Thornton (1818), 1 Barnewall & Alderson 405; 106 English Reports 149 Robert Megarry, A New Miscellany-at-Law: Yet Another Diversion for Lawyers (2005) Michael Lobban, “The Glorious Uncertainty of the Law: Life at the Bar, 1810–1830” 59 Geo. III c. 46 (1819)

In 1896, three men left Sydney on prospecting trips with a man using the name Frank Butler. None returned. When their bodies were discovered, police launched an international manhunt that ended aboard the Swanhilda in San Francisco. This episode follows the Blue Mountains murders, Butler’s many aliases, the investigation, trial, and the questions that still remain about his true identity and possible victims. For more exclusive content check out our Patreon at patreon.com/historicaltruecrime Source Materials Jason K. Foster, The Devil’s Butterfly: Hunting Australia’s First Serial Killer (2024) The Sydney Morning Herald, 1896–1897 The Argus, 1896 The Queenslander, 1897 The West Australian, 1897 The Sydney Mail and New South Wales Advertiser, 1897 The Western Mail, 1897 Russell O. Atkinson, “Amazing Story of Blue Mountain Murders,” Townsville Daily Bulletin, 1952

In 1894, eighteen-year-old Frank Westwood was shot at the door of his Toronto home. Weeks later, Clara Ford confessed, then recanted. Her sensational trial raised questions about police interrogation, race, gender and the reliability of theevidence. The murder remains unsolved. Check out our Patreon at patreon.com/historicaltruecrime Source Materials  Patrick Brode, Death in the Queen City: Clara Ford on Trial, 1895  Carolyn Whitzman, Clara at the Door with a Revolver Carolyn Strange, “Wounded Womanhood and Dead Men: Chivalry and the Trials of Clara Ford and Carrie Davies” Barrington Walker, Race on Trial: Black Defendants in Ontario’s Criminal Courts, 1858–1958 Barrington Walker’s review of Death in the Queen City Contemporary coverage from Toronto newspapers including the Globe, Toronto Mail, Toronto World, Toronto Telegram, Evening Star and News Archival court and police material cited in the above works, including Chancellor John Alexander Boyd’s benchbooks, Toronto Police records and the 1871 Canadian census Interviews and published commentary by Carolyn Whitzman discussing her research into Clara Ford’s life and the later mythology surrounding the case

In 1935, two mutilated bodies were discovered beneath a bridge near Moffat, Scotland. The victims had been deliberately made difficult to identify, but an extraordinary forensic investigation using anatomy, dental records, photographic superimposition, fingerprints and blood evidence slowly led police back to Dr. Buck Ruxton and his home in Lancaster. Check out our Patreon for bonus episodes, exclusive content and more ways to support Historical True Crime: Patreon.com/HistoricalTrueCrime Source Materials Jeremy Craddock, The Jigsaw Murders R. H. Blundell and G. Haswell Wilson, eds., Trial of Buck Ruxton (Notable British Trials, 1937) John Glaister and James Couper Brash, Medico-Legal Aspects of the Ruxton Case (1937) Bertie James Hammond, “Finger Prints and the Ruxton Murders,” Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, Vol. 43, No. 6 (1953) “Medico-Legal Aspects of the Ruxton Case,” contemporary medical journal review (1938) Capital Punishment UK, “Dr. Buck Ruxton – The ‘Jigsaw Murders’ of 1935” Glasgow Police Museum, “The Ruxton Murders – 1935” Vickie Scullard, “The chilling story of Jigsaw Killer Dr Buck Ruxton – and the Manchester trial that made history,” Manchester Evening News, July 19, 2020 U.S. National Library of Medicine, Visible Proofs: Forensic Views of the Body — Buck Ruxton / Jigsaw Murders case materials

In 1927, Ruth Snyder and Judd Gray were accused of murdering Ruth’s husband, Albert, after months of planning, an affair and a life insurance scheme. Their trial became a tabloid spectacle, but it was the forbidden photograph taken during Ruth’s execution that would define how the case was remembered. A huge thank you to everyone supporting Historical True Crime on Patreon. Your support helps me continue researching and producing the show. You can find bonus episodes and support the podcast at patreon.com/historicaltruecrime.Source Materials Landis MacKellar, The “Double Indemnity” Murder: Ruth Snyder, Judd Gray, and New York’s Crime of the Century Stevie Simkin, Cultural Constructions of the Femme Fatale: From Pandora’s Box to Basic Instinct People v. Snyder, New York Court of Appeals decision, November 22, 1927 The New York Times, “Mrs. Snyder and Gray Die in Chair,” January 13, 1928 The Washington Times, contemporary coverage of the investigation, trial, appeals, clemency requests and executions Smithsonian Magazine, “The First and Last Time a Photographer Was Allowed in the Electric Chair” TIME magazine archive coverage of the Snyder–Gray case History.com, coverage of Ruth Snyder’s execution and the hidden-camera photograph JSTOR Daily, historical analysis of Ruth Snyder, the tabloid press and the execution photograph Contemporary reporting from the New York Daily News, including the January 13, 1928 front page featuring Tom Howard’s photograph James M. Cain, Double Indemnity, for the case’s later influence on crime fiction and popular culture

In 1935, a tiger shark on display at Sydney’s Coogee Aquarium regurgitated a human arm. The victim was identified as missing man Jim Smith, but the discovery only opened a far more complicated investigation involving insurance fraud, harbour smuggling, conflicting statements, a second murder and several suspects who were ultimately acquitted. Nearly a century later, both deaths remain unsolved. Support Historical True Crime on Patreon at patreon.com/historicaltruecrime. Members get access to bonus episodes and additional historical cases not released on the main feed.Source Materials Phillip Roope and Kevin Meagher, Shark Arm: A Shark, a Tattooed Arm and Two Unsolved Murders Alan J. Whiticker, Twelve Crimes That Shocked the Nation Alex Castles, The Shark Arm Murders Dictionary of Sydney, “Shark Arm Murder 1935” ABC Radio National, “The Shark Arm Case,” featuring Alex Castles Contemporary Australian newspaper coverage of the discovery of the arm, the investigation, the inquest, Patrick Brady’s trial and the murder of Reginald Holmes New South Wales police records, witness statements and court material as reproduced and discussed in the works above

A conspiracy inside the royal household ended with the murder of Pharaoh Ramesses III. This episode follows the struggle over Egypt’s throne, the trials that followed, and the modern forensic evidence that  revealed how the king died more than three thousand years later. Love Historical True Crime? Support the podcast on Patreon for as little as $2 a month. Your support helps cover the time and costs involved in researching, writing, and producing the show—and you’ll also get access to exclusive Patreon episodes. Join at patreon.com/historicaltruecrime Source Materials A. de Buck, “The Judicial Papyrus of Turin,” The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, Vol. 23, No. 2, 1937, pp. 152–164. Susan Redford, The Harem Conspiracy: The Murder of Ramesses III, Northern Illinois University Press, 2002. Eric H. Cline and David O’Connor, editors, Ramesses III: The Life and Times of Egypt’s Last Hero, University of Michigan Press, 2012. Zahi Hawass, Somaia Ismail, Ashraf Selim, Sahar N. Saleem, Dina Fathalla, Sally Wasef, Ahmed Z. Gad, Rama Saad, Suzan Fares, Hany Amer, Paul Gostner, Yehia Z. Gad, Carsten M. Pusch and Albert R. Zink, “Revisiting the Harem Conspiracy and Death of Ramesses III: Anthropological, Forensic, Radiological, and Genetic Study,” British Medical Journal, Vol. 345, 2012. Alexandre Loktionov, “Convicting ‘Great Criminals’: A New Look at Punishment in the Turin Judicial Papyrus.” Hans Goedicke, “Was Magic Used in the Harem Conspiracy Against Ramesses III? (P. Rollin and P. Lee),” The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, Vol. 49, 1963, pp. 71–92. Mark Collier, Aidan Dodson and Gottfried Hamernik, “P. BM EA 10052, Anthony Harris, and Queen Tyti,” The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, Vol. 96, 2010, pp. 242–247. Erin Blakemore, “Who Killed Ramesses III? How Science Solved an Ancient Egyptian Murder Mystery,” National Geographic, August 2, 2024.

As accusations from La Voisin’s circle reached Versailles, Madame de Montespan, Louis XIV’s former favourite was drawn into claims of love powders, forbidden rituals, and poison plots. But the evidence was shaped by rumour, torture,fear, and politics, leaving one question at the centre of the scandal: what was real, and what was too dangerous for the monarchy to expose?Support the show on Patreon: If you enjoy Historical True Crime and want to help support the research, writing, hosting, and production that goes into each episode, you can join my Patreon for as little as $2 a month. Patrons get access to extra episodes and bonus content, including cases that are not in the regular feed. Patreon.com/historicaltruecrime Source Materials Anne Somerset, The Affair of the Poisons: Murder, Infanticide, and Satanism at the Court of Louis XIV Holly Tucker, City of Light, City of Poison: Murder, Magic, and the First Police Chief of Paris Antonia Fraser, Love and Louis XIV: The Women in the Life of the Sun King Nancy Mitford, The Sun King: Louis XIV at Versailles Benedetta Faedi Duramy, “Women and Poisons in 17th Century France,” Chicago-Kent Law Review, Vol. 87, No. 2, 2012 Erika Carroll, “Potions, Poisons and ‘Inheritance Powders’: How Chemical Discourses Entangled 17th Century France in the Brinvilliers Trial and the Poison Affair,” Voces Novae, 2012

In 1670s Paris, the deaths of a noblewoman’s father and brothers sparked fears of a hidden poison network. As police investigated, they were drawn into a world of fortune-tellers, love powders, secret remedies, and La Voisin , setting the stage for a scandal that would reach Louis XIV’s court. Source Materials Anne Somerset, The Affair of the Poisons: Murder, Infanticide, and Satanism at the Court of Louis XIV Holly Tucker, City of Light, City of Poison: Murder, Magic, and the First Police Chief of Paris Antonia Fraser, Love and Louis XIV: The Women in the Life of the Sun King Nancy Mitford, The Sun King: Louis XIV at Versailles Benedetta Faedi Duramy, “Women and Poisons in 17th Century France,” Chicago-Kent Law Review, Vol. 87, No. 2, 2012 Erika Carroll, “Potions, Poisons and ‘Inheritance Powders’: How Chemical Discourses Entangled 17th Century France in the Brinvilliers Trial and the Poison Affair,” Voces Novae, 2012

When Louise Bailey was shot through the window of a Long Island doctor's office in 1914, suspicion quickly fell on the physician's wife, Florence Carman. But with no eyewitness, no confession, and a case built largely on circumstantial evidence, two juries were left to decide whether suspicion was enough. More than a century later, Louise Bailey's murder remains unsolved. Source Materials The New York Times (1914–1915 coverage of the Florence Carman trials) Chicago Day Book (1914 coverage) Brooklyn Daily Eagle (1914–1915 coverage) The Evening World (1914–1915 coverage) New York Tribune (1914–1915 coverage) The Sun (New York) (1914–1915 coverage) The Buffalo Times (1914–1915 coverage) The Washington Times (1914–1915 coverage) The Tacoma Times (1914–1915 coverage) The Freeport Memorial Library Local History Collection Murderpedia: Florence Carman Historic newspaper archives accessed through Newspapers.com and Library of Congress Chronicling America

In 1922, Fred Oesterreich was found shot to death in his Los Angeles home. His wife claimed burglars were responsible, but investigators had doubts. Nearly eight years later, a shocking discovery reopened the case: another man had beenliving in secret inside the house for years. This is the extraordinary story of Dolly Oesterreich, Otto Sanhuber, and one of the strangest murder cases of the twentieth century. Historical True Crime was selected as one of FeedSpot's Top 60 Historical Mysteries Podcasts. FeedSpot helps you find the best podcasts on the web: https://podcast.feedspot.com/ Source Materials  Wolf, Marvin J. & Mader, Katherine M. Fallen Angels: The True Story of California's Most Bizarre and Spectacular Murder Cases Parrish, Michael. For the People: A Social History of the American Criminal Justice System Rasmussen, Cecilia. “Dolly Oesterreich's Secret Lover Lived in Her Attic” (Los Angeles Times) Los Angeles Times archive coverage of the Oesterreich murder investigation and trials The Los Angeles Evening Express archive coverage The Los Angeles Record archive coverage The Los Angeles Examiner archive coverage The San Francisco Examiner archive coverage The San Bernardino County Sun archive coverage The Oakland Tribune archive coverage The Sacramento Bee archive coverage The Tacoma Daily Ledger archive coverage The Pittsburgh Press archive coverage The Brooklyn Daily Eagle archive coverage The Milwaukee Journal archive coverage Newspapers.com historical newspaper archive California Digital Newspaper Collection Library of Congress, Chronicling America newspaper archive