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Why does climate politics play such a big role in our lives? Climate-driven weather disasters effect both conservatives and liberals equally. And global petro-wars drive up the cost of food and transportation for everyone. In a market-driven economy, the consumer should be able to determine whether fossil fuel or renewable energy is better. Instead, all of the renewable options are being taken off the market by a fossil-fuel owned government. They are forcing conservatives and liberals alike to suffer from increasingly expensive energy and food choices, growing health risks, and the loss of higher paying jobs. Climate politics may be less about conservative versus liberal than they are about billionaires versus everyone else. Only the mega-rich profit from increased prices. And it’s only the mega-rich the profit from health risks that increase medical spending. For the rest of us, a renewable economy is healthier, cleaner and more profitable for everyone. But the billionaires continue to exploit our social and cultural differences to make us lose sight of this shared value. This is nothing new. The rich have manipulated social and cultural beliefs throughout history. Perhaps it’s time to recognize that climate politics is just another tool to make the rich richer. Join host, Bob Grove, and Dr Timmons Roberts to discuss the the Lost Value of Social Culture on Climate Politics. Guests Dr Roberts is the Ittleson Professor of Environment & Society at Brown University. He leads the Climate and Development Lab, and is the Executive Director of the global Climate Social-Science Network. He holds a a Ph.D. in Comparative International Development from the Johns Hopkins University. Dr Roberts has served on the Board of the Environmental Change & Society of the National Academy of Sciences, and has received Frederick Buttel Awards for distinguished scholarship from both the American and the International Sociological Associations. To learn more, visit … https://www.climatedevlab.brown.edu https://vivo.brown.edu/display/jr17 https://cssn.org/scholar/timmons-roberts/ https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0C6JPDD24

Climate rights and voting rights are growing more and more interconnected. When an elected government doesn’t care about the environment we live in, it also doesn’t care about our right to vote. Elected officials who are more interested in taking money from oil lobbies than in saving billions of peoples’ lives, are not going to let our right to vote stop them. We already see this in the United States. The elimination of all federal climate programs is the opening act to attempts to restrict our voting rights. If we vote the way they want, our vote counts. If we vote in a state that supports common-sense climate policies, our vote may be delayed, lost or disqualified. Brazil faces similar challenges where one political party wants to extract and exploit the environment, while another is more likely to preserve and sustain it. Unlike the United States, Brazil is home to one of the nine global-climate tipping points. An ecosystem so significant that it’s collapse will lead to the inevitable global change of Earth’s weather and food systems. That global climate tipping point is the Amazon rainforest. The Amazon rainforest is not only one of the Earth’s largest natural sequestration engines, but it’s natural transpiration creates rainfall thousands of miles away, including throughout the United State’s Midwestern region. Both global warming and deforestation threaten the Amazon rainforest. Brazil’s adoption of common-sense climate policies and forest management have the potential to save the Amazon. It’s continued deforestation has the potential to turn far-flung regions, including the U.S. Midwest, into deserts. Join host, Bob Grove, and Claudio Angelo to discuss the Survival of the Amazon Rainforest and Brazilian Democracy. Guests Claudio Angelo is the International Policy Coordinator at Brazil’s Climate Observatory. Angelo worked as a Science Editor and environmental journalist for over two decades. He has published in Nature magazine and Scientific American. His 2016 book titled, The Death Spiral: How Humanity Altered the Climate Machine, was the science book of the year in Brazil. His latest book is, The Silence of the Chainsaw: When Brazil Decided to Save the Amazon. To learn more, visit … https://oc.eco.br https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0C6JPDD24

Climate tipping points are critical thresholds that, once crossed, lead to the acceleration and irreversible change of our climate systems. For example, our ongoing greenhouse gas emissions are melting the world’s ice sheets and glaciers, which reduce the Earth’s ability to reflect hot solar radiation back into space. If we cross that tipping point and the ice dissapears, then the Earth’s surface will be darker, will absorb solar heat faster and consequently accelerate global warming. Or our melting of the arctic permafrost which will release large amounts of captured methane into the atmosphere. If we cross that tipping point and the permafrost melts, then the atmosphere will be filled with methane and the Earth’s greenhouse gas effect will irreversibly change our climate systems. It’s important to take action before we reach these and other climate tipping points. But climate action is difficult when climate-denialism becomes institutionalized and begins dictating environmental policy at the highest levels of government. It’s hard to even discuss climate science openly when government-driven climate-hushing becomes the rule of the land. So let’s take this opportunity to remind ourselves what real science tells us about climate. Join host, Bob Grove, and Dr Laura Pereira to discuss Climate Tipping Points. Guests Dr Pereira is a Professor in Sustainability Transformations & Futures with the Global Change Institute at the University of the Witwatersrand in South Africa, and a researcher at the Stockholm Resilience Centre in Sweden. She holds a Doctor of Philosophy in Geography and Environmental Science from the University of Oxford. Dr Pereira is a lead author of the Transformative Change assessment report by the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) and the United Nations Environmental Program’s (UNEP) seventh Global Environmental Outlook assessment report (GEO7). To learn more, visit … https://global-tipping-points.org https://www.stockholmresilience.org/meet-our-team/staff/2019-08-26-pereira.html https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0C6JPDD24

Despite desperate efforts by the oil industry and its captive U.S. government, the epoch of oil is collapsing. Even if we ignore the cheaper and more sustainable power provided by wind and solar energy, the world’s oil reserves are expected to dry up by 2050, leaving us no choice but to transition to new sources of energy. But most of the world isn’t waiting. Over the past decade clean energy investment has increased ten-fold. In 2025, clean energy investment was more than double that of fossil fuels. And renewables have now exceeded coal as the world’s top provider of electricity. With the exception of the United States, Russia and a few Gulf states dependent upon oil production, the world is rushing to embrace renewable energy. And recent events are accelerating that transition. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine led the E.U. to end its dependency on Russian oil. U.S. military actions in Venezuela and Iran have destabilized oil prices, leading to major cost-shock for the consumers that make cheap, safe renewables ever more attractive. António Guterres, the United Nations secretary-general, recently stated that, “We have entered the age of clean energy.” And that, “Those who lead this transition will lead the global economy of the future.” Historians report that the British Empire ended when coal was replaced by oil, leading to the rise of the oil-rich United States. We can equally argue that the end of oil may lead to the collapse of an oil-obsessed America. Will current U.S. energy policy make America great again, or is it making America go away. Join host, Bob Grove, and Jonathan Watts, Global Environment Writer for the Guardian News and founder of Sumaúma.com, to discuss the Collapse of the American Epoch of Oil. Guest Mr Watts is the founder of the Rainforest Journalism Fund and the China Environmental Press Awards. His most recent book is The Many Lives of James Lovelock: Science, Secrets and Gaia Theory. Jonathan is a recipient of the 2018 and 2019 SEAL Environmental Journalism Awards. Read Mr Watt’s article, The American Epoch Of Oil Is Collapsing: What Comes Next Could Be Ugly, HERE. To learn more, visit … https://sumauma.com/en/quem-somos/ https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0C6JPDD24

We’re in a vicious cycle. Climate change is increasing the likelihood of war, and war is increasing climate change. Environmental security is at its lowest point in history. A recent study from Queen Mary University of London reports that the first 60 days of war in Gaza created 281 thousand metric tonnes of greenhouse gas emissions. Another study, titled Climate Damage Caused By Russia’s War In Ukraine, reports that the first 18 months of that war created 150 million metric tonnes of greenhouse gas emissions. This vicious cycle is caused by climate denialism. Climate deniers ignore environmental security. And a national defense strategy that doesn’t consider environmental security is simply more likely to go to war. If you accept climate science, you understand that we have a global problem. Something the countries of the world must work together to solve. If you deny science, then you’re simply back to dark age feudalism. And you’re willing to go to war over every scrap of the environment’s dwindling resources. It seems that climate denialism has now penetrated every aspect of the U.S. Federal Government. And this climate denialism is leading to policy and military decisions that ignore environmental security and lead to one war after another. Join host, Bob Grove, and Brigadier General Wendell Chris King, to discuss War and Environmental Security in a World of Climate Denial. Guests Dr King is a retired Brigadier General and Dean Emeritus of the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. He holds a Ph.D. in Environmental Engineering from the University of Tennessee. And two Masters Degrees; a Master of Science in Civil Engineering and a Master of Arts in National Security & Strategic Studies from the Naval War College. Dr King is a recipient of the Distinguished Service Medal, the American Academy of Environmental Engineering Honor Award, and the Army Science Award. He is the author of Understanding International Environmental Security: A Strategic Military Perspective. Dr King has lectured at Oxford University, NATO and the technical session of the Copenhagen Climate Summit. Read Dr King’s article, The IPCC: Forty Years of Great Science in Understanding Climate Change, HERE. To learn more, visit … https://climatehour.net/the-ipcc/ https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0C6JPDD24

CLIMATE HOUR – Climate change is now the most politically divisive issue in the United States. Yet climate disasters continue to kill people regardless of their political beliefs. Regardless of whether they’re natural or anthropogenic, climate disasters continue to destroy infrastructure and food systems needed by both conservatives and liberals. Climate politics are threatening our survival. They overwhelm both parties’ agendas, even though there are marketable climate solutions that easily reduce our greenhouse gas emissions, making the world better for everyone. Climate solutions that are good for the economy, good for the consumers, and even good for the wealthy. The United States is supposed to be a market driven economy where the consumer determines which products are the best. Yet the Republican party and the Trump administration continue to undermine consumers’ basic right to choose products like solar energy and electric vehicles. Why are they so afraid that the consumer will choose these options over fossil-fuels? In the 1980s, when scientists discovered that emissions from aerosol spray-cans were destroying the atmosphere’s ozone layer, industry and government came together and solved the problem. No arguments. They just fixed it. Why haven’t we fixed the climate crisis? We know how. Climate solutions are profitable for businesses and affordable for consumers. Instead, the United States is burying the energy systems of the future, and digging their way back to the dying energy systems of the past. Join host, Bob Grove, and guests to discuss Climate Politics: The New Plague On Survival. Guests include: Dr. Heather Williams, Professor of Politics, Pomona College. Thomas McHenry, JD, Former Dean and President of Vermont Law School. To learn more, visit … https://www.pomona.edu/directory/people/heather-l-williams https://www.vermontlaw.edu/faculty/mchenry-thomas https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0C6JPDD24 View other Climate Hour episodes at www.ClimateHour.net.

CLIMATE HOUR – The Environmental Protection Agency’s 2009 Endangerment Finding is the foundation of the U.S. government’s legal authority to regulate greenhouse gas emissions and to combat climate change. This finding is why the United States has vehicle emission standards. It is why the U.S. adopted the Clean Power Plan. It is why the U.S. became a party to the Paris Climate Agreement. Columbia University reports that the second Trump Administration has implemented significant rollbacks of environmental regulations, including over 200 climate-related laws. In July of 2025, Trump’s Department of Energy released a report written by a newly-formed Climate Working Group, composed of five scientists known for their opposition to mainstream climate science. On that very same day, Trump’s EPA cited this Climate Working Group Report in their announcement that they were rescinding the 2009 Endangerment Finding and repealing all greenhouse gas emission standards for vehicles and engines. Scientists around the world, including a group of 85 scientists led by Dr. Andrew Dessler and Dr. Robert Kopp, have rallied against the Climate Working Group report and repeal of the Endangerment Finding, concluding that the CWG report contained numerous instances of cherry-picking data, overemphasis of uncertainties, misquoting peer-reviewed research, and a general dismissal of the vast majority of decades of peer-reviewed research. Join host, Bob Grove, and Dr Andrew Dessler to discuss the Environmental Protection Agency’s repeal of the 2009 Endangerment Finding. Guest Dr Dessler is a climate scientist in the Department of Atmospheric Sciences at Texas A&M University, and Director of Texas A&M’s Texas Center for Climate Studies. He holds a Bachelor degree in physics from Rice University and a Ph.D. in chemistry from Harvard University. Dr Dessler has served as a Senior Policy Analyst in the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, and on NASA’s Earth Science Advisory Committee. Dr Dessler is a recipient of the American Geophysical Union’s Climate Communication Award, and is currently President of the AGU’s Global Environmental Change section. To learn more, visit … https://artsci.tamu.edu/atmos-science/contact/profiles/andrew-dessler.html https://www.theclimatebrink.com https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0C6JPDD24

CLIMATE HOUR – Our world is overflowing with archeological ruins. Not just Roman and Egyptian, but Akkadian, Assyrian, Vedic, Minoan, Phoenician, Aztec, Byzantine, Visigoth and more. Literally hundreds of apex human civilizations that are now empty shells haunted by archeologists trying to understand what went wrong. We can probably assume that most of these civilizations experienced societal collapse because of some combination of environmental disaster, disease, and war. Probably not that different than the conditions we see around us today. Today, we not only have a front row seat for the potential demise of world globalism, but we’re riding the crest of the biggest climate upheaval in recorded history. And, as if that’s not enough, we’re back into a nuclear arms race and perched on the brink of full artificial intelligence. We’ve all heard that history repeats itself. And, historically, 99.9% of all known species have gone extinct. Literally hundreds of human civilizations have collapsed. What are we doing today that is repeating history, and how do we stop doing it. Join host, Bob Grove, and Dr Luke Kemp to discuss the History And Future Of Societal Collapse. Guests Dr Kemp is an author and Research Affiliate with the Centre for the Study of Existential Risk at the University of Cambridge. Luke studies the collapse of civilizations in the past, and the climate issues & emerging technologies of the future. His new book, Goliath’s Curse, draws from over 300 case studies of collapsed civilizations. He argues that states collapse when captured by corrupt elites who seize control of private and community resources, leading to extreme political, economic and social inequality. Luke holds a PhD in international relations from the Australian National University. He advised the Australian Parliament in the ratification of the 2015 Paris Agreement on climate, and has led foresight studies for multiple international organizations, including the World Health Organization and the Convention on Biological Diversity. To learn more, visit … https://www.amazon.com/Goliaths-Curse-History-Societal-Collapse/dp/0593321359 https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0C6JPDD24

CLIMATE HOUR – For decades we’ve lived in a world where corporations actively deny proven independent science in order to promote profits. For instance, there’s lots of documentation of oil & gas industry scientists predicting current global warming events with amazing accuracy, as early as the 1950s. And that these petroleum industries chose to actively deny and negate their own research in order to maximize their long-term profits. In fairness, we should expect corporations to put their profits first. That’s just how capitalism works. But we should be able to rely on federal agencies and consumer protection groups to keep the corporate greed in check. That’s how it should work. Checks & balances. So what happens when we can no longer depend on federal agencies to promote proven independent science. What happens when groups like the EPA, FDA, CDC, NOAA and other repositories of independent science delete their existing bodies of scientific fact and replace it with pseudo-science driven by egotistical impulse or corporate greed. How do we continue to preserve and access years of proven scientific truth? Guests Join host, Bob Grove, and Gretchen Goldman, President and CEO of the Union of Concerned Scientists, to discuss UCS’ Independent Science Initiative fighting to preserve years of proven truth. Dr Goldman holds a PhD and Master of Science in Environmental Engineering from the Georgia Institute of Technology, and also holds a Bachelor of Science in atmospheric science from Cornell University. She has served in the White House as the Assistant Director for Environmental Science, Engineering, Policy, and Justice in the Climate and Environment Division of the Office of Science and Technology Policy. And she has served as the Climate Change Research and Technology Director at the U.S. Department of Transportation. To learn more, visit … https://www.ucs.org/ https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0C6JPDD24

Tipping points are thresholds at which a tiny change can alter an entire system. A climate tipping point is a critical threshold at which a regional climate system changes from one stable state to another stable state. For example, the state of a region changing from cropland to desert. Or, in the case of today’s topic, the Arctic changing from an ice pack to open ocean. A study published by the American Association for the Advancement of Science, has identified nine global climate tipping points. We’ve already reached two of them. The collapse of the Greenland Ice Sheet, and the collapse of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. And continuing business as usual will trigger another four of the world’s remaining climate tipping points. Once we cross a tipping point, we can never go back. And each tipping point crossed accelerates the approach of the next tipping point. Guests Join host, Bob Grove, and Dr Richard Davy to discuss World Tipping Points: Emerging Collapse Of The Arctic Sea Ice. Dr Davy is the Senior Researcher in Polar Climate at the Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center with the Bjerknes Center for Climate Research in Bergen, Norway. For the last decade, he’s worked on the physics of global climate change to forecast how our climate future. To learn more, visit … https://nersc.no/en/ https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0C6JPDD24

One of the major drivers of climate change is perpetual economic growth. Throwing things away and buying new stuff emits far more carbon than repairing items or just creating durable products in the first place. During periods of economic recession, people buy less and emissions drop. For instance, the Great Recession of 2008 produced an emissions drop of 9.9% in the U.S. In contrast, the Covid pandemic of 2020 produced an emissions drop of 7%; less than that of a comparable economic downturn. None of us want to live through recession or pandemic to address climate change. But looking at these events show us how tightly our social and economic structures are linked to the climate crisis. And they show us that we can modify our behaviors without an economic crash. We can embrace social and economic reform to live a sustainable life and bring an end to the climate crisis. Join host, Bob Grove, and Dr Juliet Schor to discuss Opportunities for Climate Action Through Social And Economic Reform. Guests Dr Schor is an economist and Professor of Sociology at Boston College, where her research focuses on work, consumption and climate change. She received her Ph.D. in economics from the University of Massachusetts, is a former Guggenheim Fellow, and is a former Brookings Institution Fellow. Dr Schor has received the American Sociological Association’s award for Public Understanding of Sociology, the Herman Daly Award from the US Society for Ecological Economics, and the George Orwell Award for Distinguished Contributions to Honesty and Clarity in Public Language. She’s served as a consultant to the United Nations and to the World Institute for Development Economics Research. Dr Schor is a co-founder of the Center for a New American Dream and on the Board of Trustees for the Better Future Project. Her recent books include After The Gig, Plenitude, Born To Buy, The Overspent American, The Overworked American, and her latest book, Four Days A Week. To learn more, visit … https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliet_Schor https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0C6JPDD24

A sustainable future is certainly no guarantee at this point. There are simply too many systems broken. And that’s why it’s so important to envision a sustainable future. For without a vision we have no direction, and without direction we just wander around until it’s too late. We have to envision the future we want, then develop frameworks and treaties to get us there. There are many things we can do individually to assure that our lives are the best they can be in today’s less than sustainable world. But a better world takes coordinated action at a governmental level. Governmental groups like the E.U. and the United Nations are taking the lead in developing sustainable policies and frameworks like the U.N. Sustainable Development Goals, and the United Nations Environmental Program. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), and the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES). It is the scientists and staff of these and other groups that are our best hope for transitioning the world to a sustainable future. Join host, Bob Grove, and Dr Laura Pereira to discuss How To Transition The World To A Sustainable Future. Guests Dr Pereira is a Professor in Sustainability Transformations and Futures with the Global Change Institute at the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, South Africa, and a researcher at the Stockholm Resilience Centre at the Stockholm University in Sweden. Laura is trained in ecology, law, zoology, and human geography. She holds a Doctor of Philosophy in Geography and Environmental Science from the University of Oxford, and has worked as a Giorgio Ruffolo & Gundle Fellow in sustainability science with the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University. Laura is an Earth Commissioner, a lead author of the Transformative Change Assessment Report by the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), and a lead author on the United Nations Environmental Program’s (UNEP) seventh Global Environmental Outlook (GEO7) assessment report. To learn more, visit … https://futureecosystemsafrica.org/ https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0C6JPDD24

Nature is on everyone’s mind these days. Our news cycle is filled with the latest natural disasters, the latest political battles between preservation and resource extraction. We’re all understandably concerned about how weather is going to effect our homes, our jobs, and how much longer our food systems are going to survive. Humankind doesn’t have a great track record of working with, or being part of nature. Yet, each of us individually can have a positive impact. We can work with nature and create our own park-like preserves in our yards, and communally in our churches, schools and workplaces; create our own personal oases, often with less effort and expense than maintaining a suburban lawn. We can help restore the natural balance between plants and animals, and create our own homegrown national parks where we can live and work in balance with nature. Join host, Bob Grove, and Dr Doug Tallamy to discuss practical ways to make your own homegrown national park. Guests Doug is a professor in the Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology at the University of Delaware. He advocates for home gardens and landscaping that bridge the gaps between parks and preserves by providing habitat for native species. Among his awards are the Garden Club of America Margaret Douglas Medal for Conservation, the Tom Dodd Jr. Award of Excellence, and the American Horticultural Society B.Y. Morrison Communication Award. He’s the author of Bringing Nature Home, Nature’s Best Hope, The Nature of Oaks, and his latest book, How Can I Help? Doug is the co-founder of the Homegrown National Parks movement. To learn more, visit … https://HomeGrownNationalPark.org https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0C6JPDD24

Sustainability is about finding life’s balance. Producing enough to satisfy your customers’ needs while earning enough to satisfy the needs of you and your co-workers. In contrast, perpetual economic growth is about a cycle of producing surplus, more than is needed, then using mass marketing to convince people to overconsume. Perpetual economic growth is based on consumerism. Convincing people to buy more than they need. More than is healthy. Fast fashion, fast food, commercial animal farming are all symptoms of the overconsumption required to maintain perpetual economic growth. Overconsumption that leads to poor health and a collapsing environment; to overshooting our planet’s resources and to climate change. The climate crisis is a product of consumerism. And while there are many ways we can profitably lower our personal carbon footprint to reduce global warming and slow the climate crisis, we will never stop climate change until we address our overconsumption; our unsustainable expectations of perpetual economic growth. We need to find life’s balance. To stop overshooting the planet’s resources. We need to degrow our economic expectations and halt consumerism. Join host, Bob Grove, and guests to discuss the Degrowth: The Path From Consumerism To Survival. Guests include: Guests Christopher Marquis, Author and Sinyi Professor of Management, University of Cambridge Jason Barahona Rosales, Program Coordinator, Degrowth Institute William Rees, Author and Professor Emeritus, University of British Columbia Zoharia Drizin, Gen Z Advisory Board, Climate Mental Health Network To learn more, visit … https://chrismarquis.com/ https://www.degrowthinst.org https://apsc.ubc.ca/profile/william-rees https://climatementalhealth.net https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0C6JPDD24

Sea level rise may be climate change’s biggest long-term impact. With just today’s 1.2 degree Celsius increase in global temperature, we can expect sea level rise of at least 1-2 meters (3.3-6.6 feet). And that’s our best case scenario. If countries continue to ignore the Paris Climate Accord and temperatures rise 2.5 degrees Celsius, we can expect the collapse of the Greenland and West Antarctic ice sheets. And that will raise sea level 10-12 meters (40 feet). We’re seeing the affects now. Many of the major roads in the Florida Keys will be underwater this year. Cities like Miami, New Orleans, Bangkok, Amsterdam, Ho Chi Minh City, and Kolkata India, are going to be submerged by 2030. The countries most exposed to rising sea levels are the United States, followed by China, India, Japan, the Netherlands, Thailand, Vietnam, and Bangladesh. In our best case scenario, we can expect a trillion dollars a year in global flood damage. And a quarter-billion people looking for new homes. If we continue to ignore the Paris Climate Accord and warm the planet 2.5 degrees Celsius, we’ll displace over a billion people. That’s 13% of the world’s urban population looking for new homes, food and jobs. The worst case scenario is that we throw caution to the wind. That we revert to full dependence on fossil fuels and melt ALL the world’s ice. That will raise sea levels 60-70 meters (200-233 feet). But at the point, sea level may be the least of our problems. Join host, Bob Grove, and guests to discuss How Melting Ice Sheets Are Drowning The World. Guests Richard Alley, Evan Pugh University Professor of Geosciences, Penn State Paul Bierman, Professor of Environmental Science, University of Vermont Andrea Dutton, Helen Jupnik Endowed Research Professor, University of Wisconsin–Madison To learn more, visit … https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Alley https://www.PaulBierman.net https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrea_Dutton https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0C6JPDD24