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Today on Ascend: The Great Books Podcast, we start our slow, beautiful pilgrimage through arguably the most important book in Western philosophy: Plato’s Republic. It is about justice and whether justice is more profitable to the soul than injustice—but along the way it provides rich conversations on the soul, virtue, education, metaphysics, and the afterlife. If you read this book and read it well, it will change your life. And we have an excellent guide and mentor to walk us through the opening of Plato’s Republic and the dialogue with Cephalus in Book One (327a-331d), Dr. Alex Priou who currently serves as a professor of political philosophy at the University of Austin. Today we start something life-changing. Plato is philosophy. To summarize a famous line, all of Western philosophy is a series of footnotes to Plato, and Plato’s Republic is his masterwork. He does not offer you a sterile, intellectual idea that is neat to contemplate—he makes claims on your soul. For Plato, philosophy is transformative. The goal of the pursuit of wisdom is to have a good soul, a beautiful soul. Further Resources to Help You Read the Republic: GUIDE: 12 Questions on Book One of Plato’s RepublicHow to Read PlatoReading schedule, podcast calendar, and more! “I went down to the Piraeus.” The famous opening line gives you much to contemplate, and Dr. Alex Priou is a wonderful guide. We have the verb of descent, which will be important to the entire text, and we have the Piraeus, the port of Athens, which is hosting a new festival to a new goddess. Moreover, Socrates narrates the entire Republic to an unnamed listener who never interrupts… but this allows Socrates to give commentary on the argument he otherwise could not. Dr. Priou shows us how the prologue to the Republic is simple but rich with meaning—a great introduction to how Plato teaches. In the house of Cephalus, age, wealth, and the old myths give the first account of justice. Asked the greatest good of his money, the old metic does not speak of friends or food. He speaks of the myths he laughed at when he was young, and of the peace of facing them without unpaid debts. Justice, for him, is telling the truth and giving what one owes. Socrates asks whether you return a borrowed weapon to a man who has gone mad. Cephalus cannot defend the rule he has lived by. He laughs, leaves the argument to his son, and goes back to the sacrifices. Cephalus leaves, but his conversation will haunt the entire Republic—as the text begins with a descent and religious myth and will end with an ascent and a religious myth. Be sure to check out our entire reading schedule, so you can be sure to read alongside us. Also, thank you to the CLASSIC LEARNING TEST for sponsoring our first month of Plato’s Republic. They are a really excellent group of people trying to change the landscape of education in America. Go check them out. A good path is before us. Let’s take it and ascend. Chapters 00:00 Introduction to Plato's Republic and guest Dr. Alex Priou 02:01 Why read Plato's Republic today? 04:05 Historical and dramatic context of the dialogue 06:05 Dr. Priou's background and love for Plato 08:00 The purpose of the Republic and its themes 10:03 The setting and composition of the dialogue 11:57 The character of Cephalus and traditional justice 14:01 The significance of the Myth of the Cave 15:49 The pedagogical method of Plato's dialogues 18:13 The role of myths and poetry in philosophy 19:57 The purpose of the Republic and its relevance today 22:11 The character of Polemarchus and justice as friendship 23:50 The challenge of understanding the dialogue's structure 26:12 The importance of rereading Plato's works 28:07 The character of Thrasymachus and cynicism 30:06 The significance of Socrates' narration style 32:06 The allegory of the cave and ascent to truth 34:13 The role of myth and poetry in conveying truth 35:47 The balance between tradition and innovation in the Republic 37:51 The practical purpose of the dialogue 40:00 The limits of human knowledge and the form of the good 42:03 The political and moral lessons of the Republic 43:57 The significance of justice as a personal and political virtue 46:12 The character of Cephalus and his traditional views 48:02 The transition from traditional to philosophical justice 49:59 The role of Socrates in guiding the dialogue 51:56 The importance of self-knowledge and inner reflection 54:05 The myths of the afterlife and their philosophical purpose 55:58 The ongoing relevance of Plato's Republic Join us next week as we continue our studies on Plato's Republic!

Today on Ascend: The Great Books Podcast, we are preparing to read Plato’s Republic (we start next week!). Before turning to that long and demanding text, we ask a simple question: how do you read Plato well? Plato does not write treatises or lectures. He writes dialogues, and the setting, the characters, the irony, and even the moments of confusion (aporia!) are part of the teaching. The podcast takes up the questions that help a first-time reader get started on the right foot. Overall, however, we do not read Plato to “be smart” or brag we’ve read Plato. We read Plato to have a beautiful soul. We take him seriously as a teacher who can help us pursue the true, good, and beautiful. Here is a list of the major questions that are discussed on the podcast today: Why read Plato?Why is the drama important?Are the dialogues historical transcripts?What is the Socratic method?What is Socratic irony?What is the art of dialectic?What is aporia?What is eros?What is pleonexia?What are the parts of the soul? Again, we read Plato to better understand the good life and to have a good, healthy soul. Be sure to check out the MASTER CALENDAR for our reading schedule for Plato’s Republic. Also, if you’re interested in a deeper dive into eros, see "Rediscovering Holy Eros” (one of the most popular articles on Ascend). Moreover, you can read more about pleonexia and its dangers at “The Greatest Threat to Your Freedom is You.” Last week, to prep for the Republic, we published “How to Read Plato’s Republic like C.S. Lewis.” Finally, regarding Socratic irony, read “How a Man Pretending to be Drunk Helps You Read Plato.” Chapters 00:00 Introduction to reading Plato and its significance 01:00 Why reading Plato is essential for philosophy 02:20 Understanding Plato's teaching through dialogues 06:29 Preparing for the Republic: preliminaries and questions 09:07 Why read the Republic and its moral importance 13:23 How to approach reading Plato's dialogues 26:06 The Socratic method and dialectic explained 33:01 Understanding Socratic irony and its purpose 39:31 Recognizing patterns in Socratic teaching 47:11 Eros, love, and the soul in Plato 55:43 Upcoming plans for studying the Republic Next week we start Plato’s Republic! Everything you need to know is here: "How to Read Plato's Republic with Ascend."

Today on Ascend: The Great Books Podcast, we end Short Story September with “Bartleby, the Scrivener: A Story of Wall Street” by Melville - a seemingly simple tale about men in a law office that becomes a puzzling, existential tale. Dcn. Garlick is joined by two excellent guests: Mr. Joey Bremer, a teacher at Holy Family Classical School and an iconographer studying at the King’s Foundation School of Traditional Arts in London, and “Montana” of Montana Classical College, an anonymous scholar who runs an X account that shares incredible insights on Melville’s Moby Dick. Overall, “Bartleby, the Scrivener” is a perplexing, existential tale that tends to quietly unsettle you by revealing the realities of modern life. CHECK OUT THE NEW ASCEND BOOK CLUB This episode of Ascend takes up Herman Melville’s “Bartleby the Scrivener: A Story of Wall Street,” a quiet, unsettling tale whose central figure answers nearly every request with the same spare formula: “I would prefer not to.” The conversation lingers on the contrast between that stubborn preference and the narrator’s own softness—an elderly lawyer who prizes the easiest way of life, cannot quite govern his office, and keeps mistaking indecision for charity. Names, nicknames, dull eyes, and the cramped windows that look onto other walls all become clues: who in this world still possesses a will, and who has already been reduced to a role? Listeners are invited to sit with the story’s larger questions rather than resolve them. What does the monotonous labor of copying do to a man? How does a commercial, conventional life flatten thumos and leave even well-meaning people lukewarm? Why does Bartleby’s refusal feel at once more human and more deathly than the quirks of his co-workers? Drawing on the textures of Moby-Dick and the aporetic spirit of Plato, the discussion treats the tale as a puzzle that rewards patient attention—an invitation to notice what modernity may have done to the soul, and to return to the text itself with sharper eyes. Chapters 00:00 Introduction to Melville and 'Bartleby' 00:12 Introduction to the episode and main themes 02:05 Biographical context of Melville's life 03:47 Overview of 'Bartleby the Scrivener' 06:54 Themes of monotony and human will 09:59 Character analysis: the narrator and Bartleby 14:57 Philosophical and literary connections 20:05 Implications for modern life and office culture 25:00 Concluding thoughts and interpretations 44:30 Dark passages and existential reflections in 'Bartleby' 45:25 Repetition of life and the prison of modernity 46:24 The loneliness of Bartleby and the narrator's solitude 46:56 Prison as a metaphor for societal dehumanization 48:02 Bartleby's awareness of death and existential insight 50:24 The role of the dead letters office and existential suffering 51:29 Melville's possible critique of modernity and capitalism 53:06 The dehumanizing nature of copying work and modern labor 55:07 Bartleby's refusal as act of will and control 57:47 Reason, preference, and the will in Bartleby's choices 01:00:20 The significance of small acts and existential meaning 01:02:19 Melville's relationship with Plato and classical philosophy 01:09:24 The philosophical underpinnings of Melville's critique 01:12:10 The aporetic nature of the story and open-ended interpretation 01:15:15 Comparison with other literary characters and philosophical figures 01:18:36 Fate, free will, and the acceptance of mortality 01:21:55 Melville, Plato, and the modern crisis of human nature 01:24:52 Final reflections on the story's philosophical depth and relevance CHECK OUT THE NEW ASCEND BOOK CLUB

We have BIG NEWS! We have launched the new Ascend Book Club! Ascend: The Great Books Podcast has partnered with “The Ascent” here on Substack to transform it into the new Ascend Book Club to offer you the most comprehensive online book club focused on reading the great books and living a beautiful, virtuous life. You’ll receive the same great content as before but with much more—which now includes: Weekly podcast and videos on the great booksWeekly articles on the great booksIn-depth, detailed pdf guides on the great booksA monthly LIVE Q&A for supporters We are also publishing years of articles, guides, videos, and other resources to the new site and organizing them by work and author so they are easy to find—tons of resources on Homer, Hesiod, the Greek plays, Plato, Dante, and more. You could start reading many great books today with the Ascend library. Check out our new website, the Ascend Book Club, and join us today! Join our reading group and study the great books with us! Our next big read is Plato’s Republic this October, check out How to Read Plato’s Republic with Ascend for everything you need to know. Chivalry with H.E. Eduard HabsburgToday on Ascend: The Great Books Podcast, Deacon Harrison Garlick and His Excellency Eduard Habsburg, Archduke of Austria and former Hungarian ambassador to the Holy See, discuss Neil Gaiman’s short story “Chivalry.” Before they turn to the text, Eduard speaks with warmth and candor about his family’s eight centuries of Catholic identity, the vocation of family in an atomized age, his decade in Rome, and an unexpected love of stories that runs from screenplays and Ghibli films to the understated magic of Gaiman. What follows is a close, affectionate reading of a story in which the Holy Grail turns up in an Oxfam shop, Sir Galahad knocks on a widow’s door for tea, and the most English understatement imaginable meets Arthurian quest. Together they trace Mrs. Whitaker’s loneliness and ritual, the knight’s unironic goodness, Marie’s transformation, the slugs in the garden, the three gifts of youth and immortality, and the moment an old woman quietly refuses what does not belong to her life. Eduard reads the tale as homage to Englishness and as a call to accept the adventure when it arrives, while Deacon Garlick asks whether that same ordinariness can also flatten what ought to remain extraordinary. It is a warm conversation on the charming short story, “Chivalry.” Reading ScheduleWe are currently finishing SHORT STORY SEPTEMBER! Next week, we will discuss “Bartleby, the Scrivener” by Melville, the author of Moby Dick, with two excellent guests. Read it this week and join the conversation! We’ll then have an introduction to Plato’s Republic on 9.29.26 and launch into Plato’s Republic on 10.6.26. Check out How to Read the Republic with Ascend for everything you need to know. You can read the great books with the Ascend Book Club! Join us. Dcn. Harrison Garlick lives in rural Oklahoma with his wife and five children. He serves as a deacon at Holy Family Cathedral and as Chancellor & General Counsel for the Roman Catholic Diocese of Tulsa. Follow him on X at Dcn. Garlick or Ascend.

Today on Ascend: The Great Books Podcast, Dcn. Garlick is joined by the always wonderful Alberto Fernandez to discuss "Red Shadows," a salvage tale of Solomon Kane by Robert E. Howard. Check out our website for our reading schedule, articles, written guides, and more. Dcn. Garlick and Alberto discuss Robert E. Howard’s 1928 Solomon Kane tale “Red Shadows,” a pulp adventure chosen as a lively Short Story September “palette cleanser” after heavier classical reading. Howard (1906–1936), the Texas-born creator of Conan the Barbarian, produced hundreds of stories in a short life. Alberto first encountered him through the 1960s–70s Lancer paperbacks with Frank Frazetta covers. Kane, Howard’s only recurring explicitly Christian series character, is described as a grim Puritan-Cavalier mix with pagan and philosophical streaks—“God’s angry swordsman”—a remorseless wandering avenger who rights wrongs he encounters by chance. The story opens in the French countryside when Kane finds a dying young Catholic woman assaulted by bandits led by Le Loup (“the Wolf”). The stranger’s death prompts Kane’s vow that “Men shall die for this,” launching a relentless pursuit that takes him from France across Europe to the West African jungle. There the narrative juxtaposes Kane’s grim, driven sense of justice (he sees himself as a “vessel of wrath”) against Le Loup’s cynical evil, tribal politics, the witch-doctor N’Longa, voodoo, jungle drums, and “blood memory.” Unlike the mirthful, vitalistic Conan, Kane is cold and mysterious even to himself. The climax features a duel framed as cosmic justice versus injustice, followed by a second, primal coda in which a gorilla avenges his mate—showing that nature itself can enact justice and that Kane often needs allies to complete vengeance. Alberto highlights Howard’s youthful ambition (he wrote the story at 21), his debt to adventure writers like Edgar Rice Burroughs and H. Rider Haggard, and the way Africa becomes a recurring, almost inescapable landscape in later Kane tales. He recommends the Del Rey edition and especially the later novella “Wings in the Night” as Howard’s finest Kane story. Both hosts note the stories’ value as high-energy, well-crafted adventure that can later be shared with sons, and they close by pointing listeners toward the next Short Story September episode on Neil Gaiman’s “Chivalry.” Chapters 00:00 Introduction to Robert E. Howard and Solomon Kane 02:13 Howard's Background and Literary Influence 04:37 The Character of Solomon Kane and His Morality 08:36 Howard's Philosophy and Moral Duality 11:02 Why Red Shadows Was Chosen for Discussion 14:48 Beginning of the Story: France and the Dying Girl 16:52 Stranger Motif and the Western Influence 19:10 Cain's Vengeance and Inner Drive 22:50 Primal Justice and the African Setting 26:53 Howard's Use of Africa and Its Significance 32:52 Howard's Publishing Journey and African Themes 36:07 The Role of Ilonga and African Characters 43:49 Eternal Forces: Justice and Injustice 45:58 The Ending: Gorilla and Primal Justice 50:49 Howard's Final Warning and Blood Memory 54:41 Recommended Follow-up Stories and Howard's Legacy Keywords Solomon Kane Red Shadows, Robert E. Howard Solomon Kane, Ascend Great Books Podcast, Deacon Harrison Garlick, Alberto Fernandez, Weird Tales 1928, pulp fiction, sword and sorcery, God’s angry swordsman, Conan the Barbarian comparison, Tower of the Elephant, Le Loup the Wolf, N’Longa witch doctor, G’loka the Gorilla Slayer, Short Story September, Del Rey Solomon Kane, Wings in the Night, Moon of Skulls, Hills of the Dead, Puritan avenger, vengeance for a stranger, West Africa jungle, blood memory, jungle drums, Howard pulp adventure, 16th century historical fantasy, Christian hero pulp fiction, Frank Frazetta, Centaur Press Solomon Kane, Lancer paperbacks, Argosy rejection, eighty dollars Weird Tales, grim Puritan Cavalier, vessel of wrath, justice versus injustice. NEXT WEEK we discuss Neil Gaiman's "Chivalry" with His Excellency Eduard Habsburg, the Archduke of Austria.

Today on Ascend: The Great Books Podcast, Dcn. Garlick is joined by Dr. Joseph Boyne to discuss Flannery O'Connor's "Enduring Chill" as part of Short Story September. Visit thegreatbookspodcast.com for our reading schedule, articles, and a whole host of written guides. Asbury Fox, the failed New York writer who returns home to his mother’s dairy farm convinced he is dying a tragic, Kafka-esque death, meets a rural doctor, two farmhands who refuse to share his resentment, and a deaf, one-eyed priest from Purrgatory who simply walks him through the Baltimore Catechism. What begins as another Southern Gothic confrontation with pride becomes something rarer in O’Connor: a dark comedy in which the protagonist desires of a romantic death are met with an enduring chill. Dr. Boyne and Dcn. Garlick draw out the story’s autobiographical shadows, its critique of performative liberalism and abstract love of humanity, and the way O’Connor uses both the Jesuit in New York and the homely Father Finn to insist that meaning—and grace—cannot be manufactured from the self. The conversation lingers on the water-stain dove that descends as ice rather than fire, the question of whether the tale is comic or merely purgatorial, and what it means for those of us who prize the Great Books that education, by itself, is never enough. Listeners who have been scarred by “The Lame Shall Enter First” will find this one far easier to finish—and far more unsettling in its quiet demand that we keep living. Chapters 00:05 — Podcast intro and the reading plan for Short Story September 01:01 — Introducing Enduring Chill and Dr. Joseph Boyne 03:21 — Why Dr. Boyne picked the story 05:00 — Flannery O’Connor and the Southern Gothic tradition 12:55 — The grotesque, violence, and grace in O’Connor 20:32 — Asbury returns home and the education theme 30:30 — Asbury’s desire for a meaningful death and the Jesuit in New York 41:42 — Dr. Block and Asbury’s confrontation with illness 50:00 — The dairy farm, the black workers, and failed communion 57:13 — Asking for a priest and the dream sequence 70:29 — Father Finn arrives and subverts Asbury’s expectations 80:31 — Randall and Morgan return 85:34 — Dr. Block diagnoses the illness correctly 87:40 — Final scene: the Holy Ghost in ice and the enduring chill 96:23 — Closing reflections on O’Connor and the story’s meaning Keywords Flannery O’Connor The Enduring Chill short story analysis, Ascend the Great Books Podcast Short Story September episode with Deacon Harrison Garlick and Dr. Joseph Boyne of Tulsa Community College, Southern Gothic literature, Catholic short stories, Christ-haunted South, Asbury Fox character study, Jesuit priest Ignatius Vogle, Father Finn from Purgatory, Baltimore Catechism, Holy Spirit as ice instead of fire, undulant fever raw milk irony, performative liberalism and racial condescension, education versus practical wisdom, grotesque as medium of grace, O’Connor comedy versus tragedy, Good Country People comparison, lupus and autobiographical elements, Great Books education critique, upcoming Plato Republic series, Robert E. Howard Red Shadows Solomon Kane, Neil Gaiman Chivalry with Archduke Eduard Habsburg, Herman Melville Bartleby the Scrivener.

Dcn. Harrison Garlick hosts a full house to discuss the short, strange, forgotten dialogue of Plato's Ion, subtitled "On the Iliad." 10 Question Written Guide on Plato's Ion Visit our website for more information! Plato’s Ion opens with a victorious rhapsode who claims to speak more beautifully about Homer than any other human being. Socrates grants the premise that a true rhapsode must not merely recite but interpret the poet’s thought to his hearers—and then tests whether that excellence is a techne, a teachable art that should apply across all poets who treat the same subjects. Ion fails the test. He is “asleep” except when Homer is mentioned. Socrates therefore offers another account: poets and rhapsodes work not by craft but by divine mania. The Muse is a lodestone, and poet, reciter, and audience form a chain of possession. Ion recognizes himself at once. On stage he is outside himself, and he can move twenty thousand hearers to tears and terror (with a subtle nod in the dialogue about the desire to make money...). The dialogue then presses the distinction between speaking beautifully and speaking correctly. On charioteering, medicine, and the other arts present in Homer, the expert—not the rhapsode—speaks rightly. Unwilling to admit he has no art at all, Ion seizes the last remaining claim and declares himself the best general. The identification is absurd, and the conversation nearly collapses. Socrates leaves him a choice: to be called unjust, or divine. Ion takes the latter. Skill and inspiration remain unreconciled. What the short work has done is place poetry, possession, and the education of the city on the table—and prepare the larger judgment of the poets that the Republic will make. Chapters 00:00 - Welcome to Ascend and overview of the episode's purpose 01:05 - Introducing Ion and the returning and first-time guests 02:29 - Erik Rostad explains Book of Titans and his lifelong reading project 06:28 - First reactions to Ion and its perplexing character 07:11 - Preliminary framing: subtitle, translation, and why the dialogue matters 10:10 - Ion's claim to be the finest speaker on Homer 11:44 - What techne means in this dialogue 20:00 - Does Ion really claim knowledge, or only beautiful performance? 23:50 - Ion's claim that no one else speaks more finely on Homer 28:37 - The question of poetry as a better educator than philosophy 31:03 - Ion admits he dozes off when other poets are discussed 38:45 - The magnet metaphor and the chain of divine influence 44:32 - Is divine inspiration irrational, or can it be a real source of truth? 55:31 - A third sense of possession: skill, demonization, and being subsumed into beauty 60:15 - Ion says he watches the crowd and adjusts for money and effect 62:49 - Does Ion have a real art, or is he just managing audience response? 70:29 - The charioteer, the physician, and whether Socrates is being fair 72:26 - Does philosophy itself become a narrow specialty in the same way? 76:03 - Why actors may be excellent performers but poor explainers of their craft 78:10 - Socrates as a guide toward self-recognition of Ion's actual techne 87:25 - Plato as storyteller and the philosopher's need for a better story 90:20 - Storytelling, parables, and the pedagogical power of narrative 92:37 - Plato's self-reflection on his own art and craft 94:36 - The unresolved tension between inspiration and skill 99:44 - Closing thanks Keywords Plato’s Ion, On the Iliad, Ion of Ephesus, rhapsode, Homer, Iliad, Odyssey, technē, techne, divine inspiration, mania, theia moira, magnet metaphor, lodestone, Muse, speaking beautifully, speaking correctly, kalos, orthos, Socratic dialogue, forgotten Platonic dialogues, aporetic dialogue, poetry versus philosophy, education of the city, Republic Book 10, poets as imitators, Allan Bloom, Thomas Pangle, Roots of Political Philosophy, Debra Nails, Dr. Frank Grabowski, Thomas Lackey, Jack Drury, Erik Rostad, Book of Titans, Ascend the Great Books Podcast, rhapsodic contest, Asclepieia, Epidaurus, generalship, polymathy, Plato as dramatist.

Today on Ascend: The Great Books Podcast, Dcn. Garlick, Dr. Larson, Dr. Grabowski, and Mr. Thomas Lackey discuss the short, strange, and forgotten dialogue of HIppias Minor or "On the Lie." 8 Questions on Hippias Minor Study Guide Check Ascend out on X, YouTube, Facebook, and More! Plato’s Hippias Minor is a short, strange dialogue with a traditional subtitle that cuts straight to the point: “On the Lie.” After the boastful sophist Hippias finishes a public speech ranking Achilles the best and Odysseus the most polytropos—the man of twists and turns—Socrates is drawn into a conversation that begins with Homer and ends in one of the deepest aporias of the early dialogues. What starts as a dispute over who is the better man, the straightforward Achilles or the wily Odysseus, quickly becomes a rigorous examination of voluntary versus involuntary wrongdoing, the nature of knowledge and power, and the unsettling claim that the man who does injustice on purpose is better than the one who does it by accident. Deacon and the guests work through the dialogue’s sharp arguments and its surprising relevance. The conversation exposes the limits of treating virtue as mere knowledge plus power, raises the question of whether a just person might ever speak falsely for a good end, and serves as a genuine appetizer for the noble lie in the Republic. Come listen—and discover why even Socrates, at the end, cannot agree with himself. Chapters 00:00 Introduction to Hippias Minor and its Context 04:55 Setting the Scene: Hippias' Speech and Socrates' Role 09:22 Hippias' Boasts and Socrates' Irony 17:55 The Homeric Heroes: Achilles and Odysseus 25:04 Knowledge, Power, and the Art of Lying 36:15 The Distinction Between Capacity and Action 44:53 The Nature of Truth and Falsehood in Socratic Dialogue 46:43 Conclusion: What Socrates Reveals About Knowledge and Lies 02:39 Socrates' questioning of Hippias and the nature of virtue 04:55 The analogy of athletic competitions and the concept of justice 07:57 Socrates' discussion on voluntary and involuntary actions 12:05 The role of knowledge and capacity in moral actions 15:34 Hippias' understanding of justice and its relation to power 19:50 The concept of noble lies and pedagogical deception 25:04 The absence of forms and gods in the dialogue 30:14 The deeper meaning of Socratic ignorance and self-awareness 34:54 The significance of the question: Is justice knowledge or power? 39:51 Conclusion: What we learn about virtue, knowledge, and truth Keywords Plato’s Hippias Minor, Lesser Hippias, On the Lie, Hippias of Elis, Achilles and Odysseus, polytropos, voluntary and involuntary wrongdoing, voluntary liar, Socratic dialogue, aporetic dialogue, forgotten Platonic dialogues, noble lie, Republic, virtue is knowledge, knowledge and power, sophist, polymath, Eudicus, Embassy scene Iliad, teleology, Forms, Socratic irony, beneficial falsehood, Dr. Frank Grabowski, Dr. Brett Larson, Thomas Lackey, Ascend the Great Books Podcast, political philosophy, Allan Bloom, Roots of Political Philosophy. Next week we discuss Plato's Ion!

Today on Ascend: The Great Books Podcast, Dcn. Garlick, Dr. Larson, and Dr. Grabowski discuss Plato's Lovers--a strange, short, and somewhat forgotten dialogue seeking the definition of philosophy. We are celebrating ONE YEAR of our sister-company, The Ascent, a top 100 Substack on Christian spirituality. Check out our WRITTEN GUIDE to the Lovers. Plato’s Lovers is a short, strange, and easily overlooked dialogue that asks one of the most important questions in the entire Platonic corpus: What is philosophy? Set in a grammar school where two rival older lovers—one an athlete, the other a cultured “know-it-all”—compete for the attention of younger boys discussing astronomy, the conversation quickly becomes an erotic and educational contest. Socrates enters the scene and quietly reorders the loves on display, showing that philosophy is not the accumulation of many things, that self-knowledge must come before any claim to rule, and that the true lover of the young is the one who leads their souls toward wisdom. In this episode of Ascend, Dcn. Garlick is joined by Dr. Grabowski and Dr. Larson to unpack the dialogue’s subtle images of the soul, its playful yet serious treatment of eros, and its surprising role as an appetizer for the Republic. The accompanying written guide offers a clear outline, preliminary questions, and dense Q&A—perfect for first-time readers, small groups, or anyone who wants to follow the argument more carefully. Chapters 00:00 Introduction to Plato's 'The Lovers' 02:07 The setting and context of the dialogue 06:19 Who is the dialogue for? Audience and purpose 11:12 The erotic dimension of philosophy and education 16:10 The strangeness of the dialogue's setting 22:02 What is philosophy? The first definitions 27:36 The analogy of athletic training and measured learning 37:25 Usefulness, goodness, and self-knowledge 41:11 The political implications and the role of the philosopher 50:11 The dramatic and rhetorical aspects of the dialogue 57:32 The aporetic ending and its significance Keywords Plato’s Lovers, Rival Lovers, Erastai, what is philosophy, polymathy, much learning, Socratic dialogue, aporetic dialogue, forgotten Platonic dialogues, eros, erotic education, true love of the soul, tripartite soul, music and gymnastics, mousikē, gymnastikē, self-knowledge, know thyself, Socrates as third lover, Dionysius grammar school, anonymity in Plato, via negativa, aporia, preparation for the Republic, Dr. Frank Grabowski, Dr. Brett Larson, Ascend the Great Books Podcast, Platonic education, philosophy and politics, soul craft before statecraft.

Today on Ascend: The Great Books Podcast, Dcn. Garlick and Dr. Grabowski discuss a short, strange, and somewhat forgotten Platonic dialogue - The Hipparchus. Check out our 15 Q&A Written Guide to the Hipparchus - great for small groups, homeschooling, autodidacts, and more! What begins as a simple question—“What is the love of gain?”—quickly becomes a sharp and unsettling examination of the democratic soul. With no dramatic setting and a nameless interlocutor, the dialogue feels almost like overhearing Socrates in the marketplace, pressing an ordinary Athenian citizen on whether the desire for more is always shameful, or whether the soul might rightly love higher forms of gain: nobility, honor, and even wisdom itself. What makes the conversation especially rewarding is how Socrates deliberately chooses a shocking example—the tyrant Hipparchus—and reimagines him as a lover of wisdom who sought to educate the city. In doing so, the dialogue quietly draws a parallel between the supposed tyrant and Socrates himself, both of whom attract the youth, challenge conventional order, and are ultimately rejected by a democratic culture that cannot tolerate excellence. Along the way, listeners encounter an early sketch of the tripartite soul, a critique of the leveling effects of egalitarianism, and an aporetic ending that leaves the interlocutor “compelled rather than persuaded.” Brief, strange, and surprisingly profound, this episode is an excellent preparation for the Republic and a compelling invitation to reconsider what the soul truly seeks. Chapters 00:00 Introduction to Plato's Hipparchus and its significance 01:54 Main themes: Love of gain, democracy, and wisdom 04:03 The character of Socrates and the setting of the dialogue 06:03 Hipparchus as a figure in political myth and history 07:58 Translation choices and interpretive approaches 10:00 The dialogue's structure and lack of dramatic setting 11:56 The definition of love of gain and greed 13:54 Socrates' critique of the love of worthless things 16:06 Hipparchus as a symbol of love of wisdom and fame 18:04 The political implications of Hipparchus' love of wisdom 20:00 The role of the democratic man and the love of gain 21:49 Socrates' pedagogical method and the nature of knowledge 23:52 The significance of the tyrant example and Hipparchus' myth 26:04 The character of the interlocutor and the setting of the dialogue 28:03 The introduction of Hipparchus and its layers of meaning 30:10 The political myth of Hipparchus and its revisionist history 32:00 Hipparchus' love of wisdom and the Herms 34:08 The allegory of knowledge and the tripartite soul 35:53 The love of gain as a love of wisdom and truth 38:08 The democratic man, shame, and the pursuit of philosophy 40:00 The role of philosophers in democratic society 42:01 The character of Socrates as a gadfly and teacher 43:48 The process of being compelled towards truth 45:54 Bloom's interpretation: Socrates as a political and epistemological figure 48:00 The significance of the short dialogues for understanding Socrates 50:12 The importance of humility and piety in reading Plato 51:57 Next week's discussion: Rival Lovers and the nature of wisdom Key words: Plato Hipparchus, love of gain, philokerdia, Socratic dialogue, political philosophy, Alan Bloom, Thomas Pangle, Roots of Political Philosophy, democratic man, egalitarianism, leveling effect, tripartite soul, thumos, nous, appetitive soul, tyrant Hipparchus, Herms, Socrates as gadfly, aporetic dialogue, compulsion versus persuasion, preparation for Plato’s Republic, philosopher-king, Great Books podcast, Ascend the Great Books Podcast, Deacon Harrison Garlick, Frank Grabowski, classical education, ancient philosophy, Plato short dialogues, forgotten Platonic dialogues.

Today on Ascend: The Great Books Podcast, Deacon Garlick invites you into a rich, methodical exploration of eros: the primal desire to satiate in beauty and be happy. What if the restlessness in your soul—the endless craving for more beauty, more fulfillment, more rest—is not a curse but a divine gift? Reclaiming Holy Eros https://www.theascent.io/p/reclaiming-holy-eros Women as Icons of God, Beauty-itself https://www.theascent.io/p/the-beauty-of-woman-as-an-icon-of Porn as a Poor Expression of Eros https://www.theascent.io/p/the-poor-erotics-of-porn Far from the pornographic or puritan distortions that dominate modern thinking, this ancient concept runs like a golden thread through Homer, Hesiod, Plato’s Symposium, the Old and New Testaments, the Church Fathers, Dante, and even Pope Benedict XVI’s Deus Caritas Est. Deacon shows how eros is the very question of the human condition—an upward call that moves the soul from lesser beauties to greater ones until it finds rest in Beauty itself. Drawing on his own spiritual labors, the host walks listeners through Plato’s ladder of love, the marital imagery of God’s covenant with Israel, the Song of Songs, Christ’s union with the Church, and the harmony between erotic ascent and the self-giving love of agape. Along the way he recovers a lost grammar of desire that is both natural and supernaturally elevated by grace—one that produces virtue, fecundity, and genuine theosis. The result is not abstract theory but a living path: a latticework upon which your own understanding of restlessness, happiness, and the call to become more Christlike can grow. Whether you have wrestled with the restlessness of the heart, wondered how pagan wisdom and Christian revelation speak to one another, or simply want a deeper vision of love that orders the soul toward God, this conversation offers something rare: a beautiful, coherent tradition that answers the deepest questions of what it means to be human. Listen, and begin the ascent. Chapters 00:00 Introduction to Eros and its significance in Christian spirituality 01:54 Eros in Homer, Hesiod, and the primordial cosmos 07:12 Plato's Symposium and the ladder of love 15:07 Eros in the Old Testament: Marriage and divine love 20:00 Eros in the New Testament: Christ and the Church 30:06 Eros and the ascent to divine beauty 40:11 Eros, virtue, and happiness in Christian thought 50:02 Eros and grace: the divine ascent and participation in God 01:00:10 The harmony of eros and agape in Christian life 01:10:08 Practical implications: loving God and neighbor through eros 01:20:01 Conclusion: recovering holy eros as the heart of human and divine love Keywords Holy Eros, Christian eros, Plato Symposium ladder of love, divine beauty, eros and agape, Deus Caritas Est Pope Benedict XVI, Song of Songs, marital imagery God and Israel, Christ bridegroom Church bride, Ephesians 5, St Augustine restless heart, Gregory of Nyssa, bridal mysticism, Bernard of Clairvaux, John of the Cross, Diotima, ascent to God, theosis, pagan and Christian erotics, Homer Hesiod Aristotle eros, natural and supernatural love, virtue and beauty, Ascend Great Books Podcast, Deacon Harrison Garlick, reclaiming holy eros, spiritual ascent, rest in God.

Today on Ascend: The Great Books Podcast, Deacon Harrison Garlick delivers an unapologetically curmudgeonly critique of Christopher Nolan’s new film The Odyssey. Check out our LIBRARY on the great books. https://www.patreon.com/cw/greatbooks/collections 23 Raw Thoughts on the New Odyssey Movie https://www.patreon.com/greatbooks/posts/23-quick-on-164190324 SEE OUR SCHEDULE BELOW! Fresh off a twelve-week deep dive into Homer’s epic with thousands of listeners, Deacon argues that the movie is no mere adaptation but a modern ideological rewriting that flattens Homer’s rich characters, mutes the divine, and replaces sacred myth with progressive lessons about shame, war, race, and power. From Odysseus reduced to a guilt-racked figure who “defies the gods,” to the deliberate recasting and reframing of Helen, Menelaus, Circe, Athena, and even guest-friendship itself, Deacon contends that Nolan’s version marries cultural illiteracy with calculated compromise—and that both the film and the culture’s eager defense of it reveal far more about us than about Homer. Yet this is more than a film review. Deacon uses the movie as a lens to examine how stories shape a civilization’s soul, why myths matter more than mere fiction, and why Christians and lovers of the Western tradition must resist the slow leftward drift of endless compromise. SCHEDULE July 28, 2026 - Holy Eros: An exploration of eros in Plato, the Bible, and Christian thought August 4, 2026 - Plato's Hipparchus August 11, 2026 - Plato's Lovers August 18, 2026 - Plato's Hippias Minor August 25, 2026 - Plato's Ion September 1, 2026 - Enduring Chill by Flannery O’Connor September 8, 2026 - Red Shadows by Robert E. Howard September 15, 2026 - Chivalry by Neil Gaiman CHAPTERS (Updated) 00:00 — Intro: why this review matters 01:00 — Piety toward Homer and the problem with the film 03:05 — Why the movie is not a “conservative Trojan horse” 05:05 — The danger of relativism and compromise 07:10 — Myth vs. fiction: why adaptation matters 10:10 — Odysseus as a shame-filled hero 12:50 — Menelaus, Helen, and the film’s cultural messaging 15:30 — How Nolan flattens characters and tension 18:05 — Penelope and the loss of the rooted-bed scene 21:10 — Casting, modern language, and suspension of disbelief 23:55 — Calypso and the removal of Odysseus’s moral triumph 26:25 — Athena as shame and post-traumatic projection 29:55 — Nolan’s treatment of the Trojan War 32:55 — The Lystragonians and armor/costume criticism 35:05 — The cult of Nolan vs. the cult of Homer 37:00 — Gods, superstition, and the muted divine 39:15 — The slaughter of the suitors 41:10 — Guest-friendship, Xenia, and Christian themes 43:00 — Circe, the deer, and the soul of the crew 44:55 — Pacing, emotional investment, and the bard KEYWORDS Christopher Nolan Odyssey movie review, Homer Odyssey film adaptation critique, Ascend the Great Books Podcast, Deacon Harrison Garlick, cultural illiteracy in modern cinema, myth versus fiction in storytelling, Odysseus shame and guilt, Nolan casting controversies Helen Menelaus, Circe Athena Penelope Telemachus character changes, xenia guest friendship Golden Rule, Trojan War regret in film, Defy the Gods tagline analysis, classical education and Great Books, piety toward Homer, liberalism compromise in culture, upcoming Plato Republic study, Holy Eros episode, short Platonic dialogues Hipparchus Lovers Hippias Minor Ion, Short Story September Flannery O’Connor Robert E. Howard Neil Gaiman Melville, and Western civilization sacred myths.

Today on Ascend: The Great Books Podcast, Dcn. Garlick hosts Dr. Patrick Deneen to discuss his NEW BOOK: The American Odyssey: What an Ancient Story Reveals About Our Divided Souls. Pick up the AMERICAN ODYSSEY out today! https://a.co/d/01rpYuwt 23 Observations on the new Christopher Nolan Odyssey Movie https://www.patreon.com/greatbooks/posts/23-quick-on-164190324 In this special episode of Ascend: The Great Books Podcast, Dcn. Garlick welcomes back renowned Notre Dame political thinker Dr. Patrick Deneen—author of Why Liberalism Failed and Regime Change—to celebrate the release of his brand-new book, The American Odyssey: What an Ancient Story Reveals About Our Divided Souls. Fresh off a 12-week deep dive into Homer’s epic, the conversation reveals why Odysseus is the ultimate “proto-American” hero: a restless seeker torn between the hunger for home and the irresistible call of the frontier. Deneen traces this tension from the ancient text through Dante’s damning portrayal of Odysseus as a villain of forbidden knowledge, to the Renaissance reinvention of him as the triumphant explorer who metaphorically discovers America itself. What makes this episode unmissable is how Deneen unlocks Aristotle’s radical claim that humans are political animals precisely because we are neither beasts nor gods, the “citylessness” that turns Ithaca into a Cyclopean free-for-all, and the startling parallels between Odysseus’ refusal of immortality and Huck Finn’s decision to “go to hell.” Pairing iconic American stories like The Wizard of Oz, Field of Dreams, and Huckleberry Finn with Homer’s timeless episodes, Deneen shows that the Western tradition isn’t locked in dusty classics—it’s alive in our movies, novels, and national character, especially as America marks its 250th anniversary. Dive in and discover how an ancient tale of departure and return still maps the divided soul of a nation that can’t stop exploring… or longing for home. Chapters: 00:00 Introduction to Dr. Patrick Deneen and the Book 01:54 Deneen's Return to Homer and the Odyssey 03:59 Odysseus as a Proto-American Figure 06:59 The Tension Between Flourishing and Discontent 12:07 Odysseus and the Pioneering Spirit of America 19:02 The Shift in Odysseus' Image from Medieval to Renaissance 27:01 Odysseus as a Figure of Forbidden Knowledge 34:08 The Connection Between Odysseus and Columbus 40:02 The Polis and Citylessness in Homer and Aristotle 48:07 The Return of the Polis and the Homecoming 56:06 Huckleberry Finn as an Odyssean American Hero 59:45 The Western Tradition in Popular Culture Key words: Ascend Great Books Podcast, Deacon Harrison Garlick, Dr Patrick Deneen, The American Odyssey book, Homer Odyssey, Odysseus proto-American hero, Why Liberalism Failed, Regime Change, Western tradition, Aristotle Politics, man political animal, apolis citylessness, Dante Inferno Odysseus villain, Renaissance explorers, Columbus Amerigo Vespucci, American character, pioneering spirit, frontier homecoming, Calypso immortality, Huckleberry Finn, Field of Dreams, Wizard of Oz, 250th anniversary Declaration of Independence, Notre Dame political science, Homeric studies, great books podcast, Platonic dialogues, American soul, divided souls, political theory, classical literature, Americana, Odyssey episodes.

Today, we end our 12-week study of the Odyssey with a discussion on Books 23-24 with Dr. Justin Jackson and Dr. Benedict Whalen of Hillsdale College alongside host, Dcn. Harrison Garlick. There is yelling, laughter, cursing, and general chaos--but more of Homer's truth is unearthed in the process. Check out our ONLINE LIBRARY for resources on the great books. Check out Dr. Justin Jackson's Substack working through the Bible. Check out Dr. Justin Whalen at Hillsdale College. The long-awaited homecoming unfolds with Odysseus and Penelope's emotional reunion, the famous test of the immovable olive-tree bed, and the climactic confrontation with the suitors' vengeful families. The conversation crackles with insight as the guests unpack Penelope's cunning, Odysseus' complex character, parallels to Achilles and Heracles, and the poem's meditation on fidelity, mortality, justice, and the costs of homecoming. Dr. Jackson brings contrarian fire—challenging heroic ideals, celebrating the domestic, and wrestling openly with whether Odysseus' reckoning is justice or raw revenge—while Dr. Whalen offers sharp textual observations on themes of rootedness, temptation, and the poem's unresolved tensions. Expect yelling, laughter, heartfelt disagreement, and the kind of raw intellectual energy that makes great books come alive. Whether you’ve followed the whole series or are just dipping in, this capstone will leave you rethinking everything you thought you knew about the Odyssey. Stick around after the discussion for a look ahead at Plato’s Republic and more. If you love the Great Books, this is unmissable. Chapters 00:00 - Introduction: Finishing the Odyssey Journey 04:46 - Host Welcome & Episode Setup 06:27 - Guest Introductions: Dr. Justin Jackson & Dr. Benedict Whalen 07:04 - Dr. Jackson’s New Book on Reading Literature 16:28 - Diving into Book 23: Penelope Learns Odysseus Has Returned 21:07 - Penelope’s Skepticism & the Secret Signs 25:05 - The Great Rooted Bed Test & Recognition Scene 36:36 - Odysseus & Penelope Reunion, Emotional Moments 47:05 - The Final Labor & Comparison to Heracles 59:11 - Temptations: Calypso, Nausicaa & Penelope 1:11:32 - Transition to Book 24: Laertes & the Avenging Families 1:15:26 - Achilles & Agamemnon in the Underworld 1:35:02 - Reunion with Laertes & Proof Scenes 1:49:10 - Dolius, the Final Battle & Deus Ex Machina Ending 2:11:04 - Reflections on Justice, Revenge & the Poem’s Message 2:16:50 - Closing Thoughts & Upcoming Episodes Keywords Odyssey Books 23 and 24, Homer's Odyssey finale, Odysseus Penelope reunion, rooted bed test, immovable olive tree bed, suitors slaughter, Ithaca homecoming, Penelope cunning, Odysseus homecoming, Great Books podcast, Ascend podcast, Hillsdale College professors, Dr. Justin Jackson, Dr. Benedict Whalen, Homer teacher philosopher, Telemachus maturation, Achilles Agamemnon underworld, Laertes reunion, Poseidon penitential journey, justice vs revenge Odyssey, classical literature podcast, Western canon Odyssey analysis, father son reunion Odyssey, Penelope faithfulness, heroic fate comparison, Plato Republic preview.

Today on Ascend: The Great Books Podcast, Dcn. Harrison Garlick welcomes Dr. Alex Priou to discuss Book 22 of the Odyssey, the Slaughter of the Suitors. Check out our LIBRARY of written guides to the Great Books. Check out Dr. Priou's new Substack: The Close Read. What happens in Book 22? Odysseus stands at the threshold of his home, cries out to Apollo, and lets loose an arrow straight through the neck of Antinous (22.15). Chaos erupts in the hall as bread and meats are soaked in a swirl of bloody filth (22.21). Eurymachus attempts to broker a truce with Odysseus, but it is rejected (22.57); he then calls the suitors to arms and is slaughtered (22.73). Telemachus brings armor and weapons to his father, the swineherd, and the cowherd (22.121), but the goatherd sneaks weapons to the suitors (22.151). On his second run, the cowherd and swineherd intercept the goatherd, tie him up, and hang him from the rafters (22.196). Athena first arrives in the guise of Mentor (22.217) and then perches like a sparrow on the rafters, assisting Odysseus with her man-destroying shield of thunder (22.250). The suitors fall into panicked madness as Odysseus and his men wheel into the slaughter, slashing left and right, with grisly screams breaking from cracked skulls and the floor awash with blood (22.311). Odysseus spares the bard and the herald but shows no mercy to the prophet (22.327). The slaughter complete, Eurycleia summons the disloyal female servants, who help carry out the corpses and clean the gore (22.458–471). Telemachus oversees the disloyal women being slowly hanged in the courtyard—a pitiful, ghastly death (22.487)—while the goatherd is retrieved and mutilated to death by the swineherd and cowherd (22.500). Odysseus purifies his home with fire and brimstone (22.518), and the book ends with the loyal maidservants surrounding their king as he breaks down and weeps (22.528). Chapters: 00:00 Introduction to the Great Books Podcast 04:40 Exploring the Odyssey: Book 22 Overview 06:58 The Role of the Gods in the Odyssey 09:55 Justice and Revenge in the Slaughter of the Suitors 12:54 Imagery of Food and Gore in Homer 14:49 The Cyclops Narrative and Guest Friendship 18:51 Antinous: The First Death and Its Implications 22:36 The Role of Recognition in Justice 25:05 Eurimachus and the Plea for Mercy 29:18 Piety and the Restoration of Order 32:53 The Political Landscape of Ithaca 33:48 Purging and the New Order in Ithaca 34:18 The Balance of Power and Leadership Lessons 35:24 Pedagogical Journeys: Odysseus and His Men 37:39 Divine Endorsement and the Purging of the Unworthy 39:35 Odysseus's Transformation: From Arrogance to Understanding 41:36 The Role of Recognition in Identity 43:08 The Consequences of Identity and Wisdom 46:29 The Tragedy of Odysseus and Penelope 48:42 Telemachus's Growth and Inexperience 53:12 Divine Justice and the Nature of the Fight 58:11 The Role of Prophecy and Piety in Justice 01:05:23 The Nature of Piety and Accountability 01:06:59 Eros and the Path to Ascent 01:09:52 Self-Reflection and the Nature of Desire 01:13:10 Justice and the Fate of the Maidservants 01:23:36 The Consequences of Disloyalty 01:30:37 Recognition and Political Rule Discussion: Dr. Priou and Dcn. Garlick examine the justice of the slaughter, noting that while Antinous dies without recognizing Odysseus, the goatherd Melanthius suffers one of the most gruesome tortures in Homer—strung up and mutilated in language echoing the barbaric king Echetus. They discuss the hanging of the disloyal maidservants, Telemachus’s role in their execution, and why such violence may be necessary to purge disloyalty and restore order. Key themes include the restoration of piety, the shift from a decayed oligarchic rule by the suitors to a new natural aristocracy involving loyal servants, Odysseus’ pedagogical journey, and the tension between recognition, glory, and the establishment of a stable political regime supported by fear of the gods. Overall, the episode portrays Homer as a profound teacher on the ugly necessities of justice and political founding. The speakers reflect on how the book repudiates certain Iliadic values like vaunting over the slain, emphasizes cleansing and purification, and sets the stage for the final books. Dr. Priou highlights Odysseus’s cunning, the limits of rhetoric, and the need to curtail eros for civilized life, while both Dr. Priou and Dcn. Garlick encourage listeners to confront uncomfortable questions about revenge, mercy, and the role of divine and human violence in re-founding a polity. Next week our 12-week study of the Odyssey ends with Books 23-24!