Advertise on podcast: A Dose of Reality with Charles Spence

In this episode, I talked with Pawel Szczepanski, CEO of JJP Biologics, a Polish biotech developing next-generation biologics in the personalized medicine space, to hear about his path from investment banking and management consulting into biotech leadership, and what it actually takes to build a clinical-stage company from scratch. Pawel opens up about the phone call that changed the direction of his career, the proudest moment of his time as CEO, and a startup he tried to build with friends that never got off the ground. We also get into the three pieces of advice he gives every new CEO, why JJP built its culture around courage, and a trend in fundraising that he believes is quietly damaging trust across the industry. Pawel gives his honest take on what is still missing for Poland to produce a true global biotech success story. Outside of work, he is a dedicated traveller who plans every family trip himself, a passion he is now passing on to his two children. (Find out more in the episode.) Here's What You're In For Moving from investment banking and consulting into biotech leadership.The three pieces of advice he gives every new biotech CEO.The trend of overpromising in fundraising, and why he believes it fails to build trust. Timestamps 02:21 – How a phone call from a Polish Investor pulled him from consulting into biotech 04:31 – Career high point: the two-word text that changed everything, and the low point of a startup that didn't survive 07:08 – Lessons learned since becoming CEO, and the three pieces of advice he gives new CEOs 11:47 – What JJP Biologics does, and where the pipeline stands today 12:42 – Building a culture around courage, teamwork and purpose from day one 15:33 – What's next for JJP over the next one to two years 18:13 – The real challenge of scaling a young biotech while staying stable 20:06 – The trend of overpromising in biotech fundraising 23:09 – Balancing youth and experience when hiring as the company scales 26:28 – What makes the Polish life science sector unique, and what is still missing 34:26 – Why travel is his biggest passion outside of work 38:40 – The worst career advice he has ever received About Pawel Pawel Szczepanski is the Chief Executive Officer of JJP Biologics, a Polish biotech developing next-generation biologics in personalized medicine, focused on autoimmune disease and cancer. Before stepping into the CEO role, he spent years in investment banking, M&A advisory, and management consulting, eventually specializing in life sciences, and he currently sits on the boards of JJP Ventures and Polpharma Biologics. Pawel has a bi-profile education in Business and Law and is currently working towards a PhD in Economics, a non-scientist leading a science-driven company. Outside of JJP, he is a petrolhead and avid traveller, passing those same passions on to his two children. Connect with Pawel LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/pawelszczepanskiJJP Biologics: https://www.jjpbiologics.com About Charles My name is Charles Spence and I lead Discera. After many years working in the life-science recruitment world, I decided to work for myself. Before doing recruitment I graduated with a biomedical degree, have worked in hospitals (including translation work in Seoul, South Korea), and also spent a year working in diabetes research in Stockholm. After doing research and travel, a career in business and science felt the most appropriate. In 2023, I decided to launch my firm - Discera Search. A firm committed to solving the biggest talent needs of early clinical-stage SME biotechs on the East Coast and DACH. Connect with me: LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/charles-spence-clinical/Website: https://www.discera-search.com/ Opinions and comments expressed by the guest do not represent the company and are fully their own.

In this episode, I talked with Eliot Forster, CEO of Levicept, a neurophysiologist-turned biotech veteran with 30+ years of experience across Big Pharma and a series of CEO roles. We get into clinical failures, the realities of running a six-person company through a Phase 2 trial, and what it really takes to lead when the outcome is binary. Eliot also shares his honest take on the state of European biotech, what he wishes he'd known before his first CEO role, and why he still rolls out of bed excited every single morning. And yes, he also runs a brewery, hosts his own podcast, and still finds time for cricket, golf, and the wildlife of Africa. Here's What You're In For Why getting your first break in pharma through atypical, non-linear routes can be more valuable than a straight pathWhat Big Pharma truly gives you, and what you need to unlearn before it stifles youThe emotional reality of closing a company after a drug failure, and what it means for the people who trusted youWhy biotech employees take existential career risks while Big Pharma employees with nothing to lose are paradoxically more risk-averseHow a six-person team took a novel OA drug successfully through a 520-patient Phase 2 studyThe lean biotech model: when it works, when it breaks down, and how to decide what stays in-houseWhat Eliot looks for in a recruiter, and why understanding the business is the bare minimumWhy EU biotech is not as broken as people think, but what three structural gaps are still holding it backHow CEOs of early-stage companies should think about commercial positioning from day oneWhy forming trust with investors early - rather than treating them as adversaries - is one of the most important lessons in the CEO toolkit Timestamps 05:08 – How Eliot got his first job: neuroscience PhD, sabbaticals at Merck and Parke-Davis, and landing at Glaxo in 1992 07:55 – What Big Pharma at Pfizer and GSK taught him — leadership, trusting teams, and what "good" looks like 11:18 – Career low point: closing Solace Pharmaceuticals after a failed Phase 2 trial and the personal weight of that moment 15:02 – Why biotech employees take bigger career risks than Big Pharma employees who have nothing to lose 16:46 – Levicept: the company, Leve-04, and the successful Phase 2 outcome in osteoarthritis 18:11 – How Eliot joined Levicept and Simon Westbrook's transition from CEO to CSO 24:19 – Running a six-person company through CROs and consultants — and why most investors are surprised it works 28:06 – How to decide what to keep in-house versus outsource 30:40 – What Eliot expects from recruiters and how trust-based relationships are built in small biotech hiring 33:21 – What's coming next for Levicept: IND in the US, long-term dosing studies, and joint replacement deferral 35:48 – The state of European biotech: where it's improving and the three structural gaps still holding it back 40:39 – Advice for seed-stage CEOs: start with the end in mind and live three to five years ahead 42:23 – What Eliot wishes he'd known before his first CEO role About Eliot Eliot Forster is the CEO of Levicept, a UK-based clinical-stage biotech developing Leve-04, a neurotrophin 3 inhibitor for the treatment of osteoarthritis. A neurophysiologist by training, Eliot spent the first half of his 30+ year career at Big Pharma - including Pfizer and GSK - before transitioning into a series of biotech CEO roles. He also serves on multiple boards, including at Ematics, and splits his time between the UK and South Africa. Outside work, Eliot runs a brewery, hosts the LifeSci Fantastic podcast, and still makes time for cricket, golf, and the wildlife of Africa. Connect with Eliot: LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/eliot-forster-5a6ba63/ Levicept: https://levicept.com/ The Life Sci Fantastic: https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/the-life-sci-fantastic/id1846575448 About Charles My name is Charles Spence and I lead Discera. After many years working in the life-science recruitment world, I decided to work for myself. Before doing recruitment I graduated with a biomedical degree, have worked in hospitals (including translation work in Seoul, South Korea), and also spent a year working in diabetes research in Stockholm. After doing research and travel, a career in business and science felt the most appropriate. In 2023, I decided to launch my firm - Discera Search. A firm committed to solving the biggest talent needs of early clinical stage SME biotechs on the East Coast and DACH. Connect with me: LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/charles-spence-clinical/Website: https://www.discera-search.com/ Opinions and comments expressed by the guest do not represent the company and are fully their own.

In this episode, I talked with Michael Zaiac, Medical Affairs Lead for Oncology across Europe and Canada at Daiichi Sankyo — a trained surgical oncologist who walked away from the operating table, moved through clinical development, bone health at P&G, GSK, and Celgene, and eventually landed at the centre of one of the biggest oncology stories in recent memory: the HER2 ADC wave. Michael has spent over 30 years hiring people in pharma and brings some of the most grounded, no-nonsense views I've come across on what the job actually demands — and what most people aren't told before they take it. We covered the rapid build-out of Daiichi Sankyo's medical affairs team off the back of their ADC pipeline, what Michael now wishes he'd prioritized when hiring in the early days, how the function needs to reinvent itself over the next decade, and the honest conversation that rarely gets had — about hours, stability, and what life in this industry really looks like. Michael trained and studied in Berlin, has family roots in London, and brings the kind of directness you'd expect from someone who spent years making high-stakes decisions in an operating room. Here's What You're In For The one global role he calls his "only real disaster" in the industry — and why he takes full ownership of itWhat Michael looks for in a CV: agility, humility, and the ability to lead without authorityThe honest truth about working hours, stability, and what industry life really looks like vs. what candidates are sold Timestamps 02:24 – Why he left surgery and how he landed his first pharma role 05:43 – Career highlights: reshaping a compound's development, Imatinib UK market access, and building regional teams 07:47 – The global role that didn't work — and why he takes full responsibility for it 09:42 – What Daiichi Sankyo is, where it came from, and how they cracked the ADC problem 17:02 – What Michael looks for in a CV — and what he's really testing for in the interview room 22:17 – The biggest shift in pharma hiring over 30 years: from technical knowledge to agility 26:03 – The hard skill gaps coming: data literacy, AI fluency, and legal frameworks around data 28:41 – How medical affairs will evolve — and what "double personalization" means in practice 34:15 – The honest truth about working hours, stability, and what industry life actually looks like 36:25 – How companies and individuals can do better for female talent trying to climb beyond the MSL level 38:03 – What Michael would tell his younger self about ego, cooperation, and learning faster About Michael Michael Zaiac is the Medical Affairs Lead for Oncology across Europe and Canada at Daiichi Sankyo. He trained as a surgical oncologist, specialising in breast cancer, sarcoma, melanoma, and other malignancies. Motivated by a desire to bridge science with patient care and broaden treatment options for cancer patients, he transitioned into industry research and has since led teams of varying sizes across clinical research, development, commercial functions, and medical affairs. His work has supported the development and launch of therapies spanning oncology, immunology, cardiovascular disease, transplantation, and infectious diseases across companies including P&G, GSK, Celgene, and now Daiichi Sankyo. Connect with Michael: LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/michael-zaiac-45ab191/Daiichi Sankyo: https://www.daiichisankyo.com About Charles My name is Charles Spence and I lead Discera. After many years working in the life-science recruitment world, I decided to work for myself. Before doing recruitment I graduated with a biomedical degree, have worked in hospitals (including translation work in Seoul, South Korea), and also spent a year working in diabetes research in Stockholm. After doing research and travel, a career in business and science felt the most appropriate. In 2023, I decided to launch my firm - Discera Search. A firm committed to solving the biggest talent needs of early clinical stage SME biotechs on the East Coast and DACH. Connect with me: LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/charles-spence-clinical/Website: https://www.discera-search.com/ Opinions and comments expressed by the guest do not represent the company and are fully their own.

In this episode, I talked with Dr. Juho Jalkanen, CEO of Faron Pharmaceuticals — a publicly listed Finnish biotech building novel immunotherapies for blood cancers. Juho's path is unlike most you'll hear in biotech: trained vascular surgeon, PhD in molecular biology, business school graduate, and father of five. He eventually left the operating table to join his parents' company, Faron, where his mother's decades of university immunology research became the foundation for what is now one of the most exciting programs in high-risk MDS. We covered the Traumakine Phase 3 failure, the deep frustration of being completely ignored during COVID when he believed they had the right drug, and how Faron rebuilt itself from a respiratory trial company into a serious oncology player. We also got into the board structure he's deliberately built to be unlike most you'll see, and what it really takes to scale a company when the pharma ecosystem around you is still finding its feet. We wrapped things up with a quick round of mystery questions Juho hadn't seen coming. Outside of running a listed biotech and raising five kids, he recharges the Finnish way — out in nature with his family. Here's What You're In For Why a vascular surgeon walked away from the operating table to run a biotechThe family origin story behind Clever-1 and Faron PharmaceuticalsHow a Phase 3 failure set the stage for what came nextThe COVID frustration: having the right drug and nobody willing to listenWhat Clever-1 is, why it matters, and why the biology can't be shortcutThe MDS data turning heads at ASCO, ESMO, and ASH — and what comes nextWhat a CEO actually thinks about when moving from early to the pivotal stageThe CMC blind spot that catches most biotechs off guardHow Juho built a board that mirrors the C-suite — and why that logic mattersWhy CMOs and CSOs can get onto boards, but have to start in the right place Timestamps 01:49 – Origins of Clever-1 and the family story behind Faron Pharmaceuticals 05:35 – Career highpoint: caring for a dying father-in-law and what it means to fight cancer 06:50 – Career lowpoint: Traumakine Phase 3 failure and two years of being ignored during COVID 12:53 – Faron's elevator pitch: what the company does and why it exists 14:42 – Bexmarilimab (BEX) and why macrophages are the hidden driver of treatment resistance 16:30 – The Phase 1/2 results: 64% response rate and 14.5-month survival in high-risk MDS 19:36 – Next 12–18 months: €40M raised, Phase 2b underway, investigator-led trials in sarcoma and beyond 23:12 – What CEOs have to think about at late stage: CMC, fundraising, and clinical navigation 27:42 – Mirroring the C-suite and deliberately avoiding the VC-heavy default 34:33 – Quick-fire questions: books, interferon biology, and what keeps him sane in Finland About Juho Dr. Juho Jalkanen is the CEO of Faron Pharmaceuticals, a publicly listed clinical-stage Finnish biotech developing novel immunotherapies for blood cancers, with a lead asset, bexmarilimab, targeting Clever-1 on immunosuppressive macrophages. He holds an MD (vascular surgery), a PhD in molecular biology, and a business school degree — and transitioned from active surgical practice into leading Faron, a company built on his mother's immunology research and spun out by his father from the University of Turku. His work sits at the intersection of deep biology and late-stage oncology drug development. Outside of leading a publicly listed company and raising five kids, Juho recharges in the Finnish outdoors — in nature with his family. Connect with Juho: LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/juho-jalkanen-md-phd-2176a83/Faron Pharmaceuticals: https://faron.com/ About Charles My name is Charles Spence and I lead Discera. After many years working in the life-science recruitment world, I decided to work for myself. Before doing recruitment I graduated with a biomedical degree, have worked in hospitals (including translation work in Seoul, South Korea), and also spent a year working in diabetes research in Stockholm. After doing research and travel, a career in business and science felt the most appropriate. In 2023, I decided to launch my firm - Discera Search. A firm committed to solving the biggest talent needs of early clinical stage SME biotechs on the East Coast and DACH. Connect with me: LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/charles-spence-clinical/Website: https://www.discera-search.com/ Opinions and comments expressed by the guest do not represent the company and are fully their own.

In this episode, I talked with Dr. Tobias Kampfenkel, Vice President of Early Clinical Development and Translational Research at Miltenyi Biomedicine. Tobias spent nearly a decade at Janssen building the daratumumab story from the German launch and HTA negotiations through global pivotal trials and regulatory submissions — and then did it again with two bispecific antibodies in multiple myeloma. In early 2025, he made a deliberate move to Miltenyi Biomedicine, stepping into an executive committee role to lead a CAR-T program now being tested in autoimmune diseases — one of the most fascinating and fast-moving intersections in drug development right now. We go deep on what it actually feels like when a late-stage program doesn't land, how to hold a team together after a major setback, and the real tension between hiring for hard skills versus hiring for cultural fit. We also explore what the CAR-T revolution in autoimmune disease could mean for patients who have been on lifelong immunosuppression — and why some people are beginning, very carefully, to use the word "cure." Outside the office, Tobias is a racket sports enthusiast, a recreational runner, an avid reader, and an occasional piano player — and someone who will happily trade a busy schedule for a quiet weekend on a small Dutch island with no traffic and nothing to do. Here's What You're In For Why leadership during failure is about being active, not assuming everyone is okayWhy some hard skills in drug development can only be built through repetition, not readingWhat it's like to move intentionally from Big Pharma to a smaller, more entrepreneurial company Timestamps 03:39 – Whether his MHBA at Erlangen-Nürnberg was coincidence or connected to the CASEL trial 04:54 – A decade with daratumumab and what deep team ownership really feels like 07:13 – When a major readout doesn't land and what that does to a team 12:49 – Miltenyi's core strengths in CAR-T manufacturing and the blind spots of a multi-business organization 15:55 – Bridging oncology and autoimmunity across zamtocell and zorpocell 19:59 – Balancing modality expertise, disease experience, seniority, and culture when building a team 23:44 – What moving deliberately from J&J to a smaller company actually teaches you 27:32 – Tobias's first time in autoimmune drug development and the learning curve that came with it 29:39 – The first ever CAR-T treatment in a patient with systemic lupus in 2021 32:52 – What early safety data from CAR-T in autoimmune patients is starting to show 34:13 – In vivo CAR-T, solid tumors, and where cell and gene therapy is heading in the next 10 years 38:19 – Why this is one of the most exciting times to be working in this space About Tobias Tobias Kampfenkel, MD, MHBA, is the Vice President of Early Clinical Development and Translational Research at Miltenyi Biomedicine, and a member of the company's executive committee. A board-certified internist and hematologist/oncologist, Tobias spent nearly a decade at Johnson & Johnson (Janssen), where he led clinical development across multiple myeloma programs including daratumumab (Darzalex) and bispecific antibodies teclistamab and talquetamab — spanning the German launch and HTA negotiations through to global pivotal trials and regulatory submissions. In early 2025, he joined Miltenyi Biomedicine to lead their CAR-T programs in autoimmune diseases, including studies in systemic lupus and systemic sclerosis. He also holds a Master's in Health Business Administration from the University of Erlangen-Nürnberg. Outside the office, Tobias is a racket sports enthusiast — tennis and badminton both — a recreational runner, an avid reader, and an occasional piano player. Above all, he values time with family and friends, which keeps him grounded amid a demanding professional life. Welcome, Tobias. Connect with Tobias LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/tobias-kampfenkel-m-d-mhba-026b54b9/ Miltenyi Biomedicine: https://www.miltenyi-biomedicine.com/ About Charles My name is Charles Spence and I lead Discera. After many years working in the life-science recruitment world, I decided to work for myself. Before doing recruitment I graduated with a biomedical degree, have worked in hospitals (including translation work in Seoul, South Korea), and also spent a year working in diabetes research in Stockholm. After doing research and travel, a career in business and science felt the most appropriate. In 2023, I decided to launch my firm - Discera Search. A firm committed to solving the biggest talent needs of early clinical stage SME biotechs on the East Coast and DACH. Connect with me: LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/charles-spence-clinical/Website: https://www.discera-search.com/ Opinions and comments expressed by the guest do not represent the company and are fully their own.

In this episode, I talked with Sofia Heigis, Chief Executive Officer of OncoPeptides, about a career path that did not start where she expected. Sofia originally wanted to move into clinical operations, but her first role in pharma ended up being in sales — a move that shaped everything that came after it. We talk about why early career detours can matter more than people think, what tough roles teach you about value and resilience, and why some of the best foundations are built in jobs people do not initially want. Sofia also opens up about the more personal side of leadership: raising three children while building a senior career, dealing with the guilt that can come with travel and time away, and learning how to be fully present instead of constantly split between work and home. We also get into OncoPeptides’ journey through a difficult period, why she stepped into the CEO role internally, how she thinks about culture and hiring, what is next for the business in Europe and glioblastoma, and the reality of board roles and strategic decision-making. Toward the end, we also touch on more personal quick-fire reflections, including what she is most grateful for and the soft skill she most wants her children to develop. Here’s What You’re In For What “being present” really looks like at work and at homeWhy self-insight matters more than polished interview answersHow she thinks about board roles, contribution, and strategic fit Timestamps 02:59 – How Sofia got her first pharma role after aiming for clinical operations 05:03 – Why she believes sales can be one of the best starts in pharma 07:38 – Career, motherhood, and the myth that you have to choose one 11:30 – Dealing with guilt, travel, and being away from family 13:47 – What OncoPeptides does and why its peptide drug conjugates stand out 15:44 – Why she stepped into the CEO role and what she wanted to stabilize 19:28 – The culture she wants at OncoPeptides and how she hires for it 24:42 – What 2026 and 2027 look like for OncoPeptides across Europe, glioblastoma, and Japan 28:42 – What a board really does and how people can position themselves for board roles 37:43 – What she is most grateful for and the soft skill she wants her children to develop About Sofia Sofia Heigis is the Chief Executive Officer of Oncopeptides, a Swedish biotech listed on Nasdaq Stockholm that focuses on targeted therapies for difficult-to-treat cancers. Sofia started her career at Astrazeneca, first as a Sales Rep in 2006, then into Clinical Operations, then Medical Affairs and then eventually into VP positive leading the Medical and Regulatory teams across the entire Nordic + Baltic regions. And similarly at Onco she joined to lead their Global Medical Affairs and then moved into CCO and GM positions and now the CEO. Outside of this she is a mother of 3, and loves nature. Connect with Sofia: LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/sofia-heigis-%E2%99%A6%EF%B8%8F-00b9205/Website: https://oncopeptides.com/en/ About me My name is Charles Spence and I lead Discera. After many years working in the life-science recruitment world, I decided to work for myself. Before doing recruitment, I graduated with a biomedical degree, have worked in hospitals (including translation work in Seoul, South Korea), and also spent a year working in diabetes research in Stockholm. After doing research and travel, a career in business and science felt the most appropriate. In 2023, I decided to launch my firm - Discera Search. A firm committed to solving the biggest talent needs of early clinical stage SME biotechs on the East Coast and DACH. Connect with me: LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/charles-spence-clinical/Website: https://www.discera-search.com/ Opinions and comments expressed by the guest do not represent the company and are fully their own.

In this episode, I talked with Jens Lindberg, CEO of Medivir AB, a Swedish biotech developing innovative therapies in liver cancer and rare disease. Jens brings over 30 years of late-stage development and commercialisation experience—including 25 years at AstraZeneca—where he worked on blockbuster drugs such as Tagrisso and Lynparza. Jens opens up about the moment he was handed the global commercial lead role for what the company believed would be its next blockbuster—only to realise the asset was significantly overvalued. What followed was one of the hardest things you'll ever have to do professionally: telling senior leadership that the people who licensed the asset were wrong—without making them feel that way. We also get into Medivir's turbulent last few months: a forced pivot from a multi-country Phase 2b study, a round of layoffs, and then a dramatic reversal with new investors coming on board and two programs now moving forward at the same time. For anyone trying to understand what fundraising truly looks like in today's biotech environment, Jens is direct about how completely his approach to investor relations has had to change since 2022. When he's not steering Medivir through the ups and downs of biotech, Jens is out on the cross-country ski trails—and has been for most of his life. Here's What You're In For How Jens landed his first job as a sales rep at Astra—without fully knowing what the role was—and ended up staying 25 yearsThe art of managing expectations upward when senior leadership doesn't want to hear the truthWhy Jens now starts building investor relationships two years before he needs the money—and what investors actually want to see before they commit Timestamps 02:04 – First job in pharma: starting as a sales rep at Astra and staying 25 years 03:25 – Career highlight: joining AZ Investor Relations and defending against Pfizer's hostile takeover bid 08:07 – Career low: being promoted to global commercial lead for a late-stage asset—then realising it was overvalued 10:29 – The challenge of managing senior leaders who in-licensed the asset themselves 13:07 – What Medivir is: history, liver cancer program, and osteogenesis imperfecta 14:45 – Medivir's recent rollercoaster: funding challenges, the pivot from Phase 2b, and layoffs 20:30 – How Jens describes Medivir's culture: agile, transparent, and built on helping each other 23:05 – How Jens integrates consultants into the company's culture as if they were permanent employees 26:32 – How Jens's approach to investor relations changed dramatically since joining in January 2022 32:34 – Perseverance in biotech: herd mentality in capital markets and why doing the right thing eventually pays off About Jens Jens Lindberg is the CEO of Medivir AB, a Swedish biotech focused on development of drugs in rare and orphan diseases with high unmet medical need. Jens brings over 30 years of late-stage development and commercialisation experience in pharma and biotech, including 25 years at AstraZeneca where he held roles spanning sales, commercial leadership, investor relations, and global brand strategy—working on blockbuster drugs including Tagrisso and Lynparza. He has also held roles at Sedana Medical. Outside of work, Jens is an enthusiastic cross-country skier with over 30 years on the trails—which, given the pace he keeps professionally, is probably the only time he slows down. Connect with Jens: LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jens-lindberg-2585903/ Medivir: https://www.medivir.com About Charles My name is Charles Spence and I lead Discera. After many years working in the life-science recruitment world, I decided to work for myself. Before doing recruitment I graduated with a biomedical degree, have worked in hospitals (including translation work in Seoul, South Korea), and also spent a year working in diabetes research in Stockholm. After doing research and travel, a career in business and science felt the most appropriate. In 2023, I decided to launch my firm - Discera Search. A firm committed to solving the biggest talent needs of early clinical stage SME biotechs on the East Coast and DACH. Connect with me: LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/charles-spence-clinical/Website: https://www.discera-search.com/ Opinions and comments expressed by the guest do not represent the company and are fully their own.

In this episode, I talked with Hubert Truebel, Managing Director at DEBRA Research, to discover a career that wasn’t built traditionally—but through creating opportunities where none formally existed. Hubert shares how his journey started as a physician in intensive care, before a simple conversation over dinner—pitching a research idea—turned into his first step into pharma. What stands out isn’t just the transition, but the mindset behind it: creating the conditions for “serendipity” to happen. We go through the key moments in his career, from leading translational work at Bayer to stepping into smaller biotech environments, and how each shift required a completely different way of thinking and operating. We also explore his current role at DEBRA Research, where he now connects patients, biotech, and pharma to move treatments forward in rare diseases—often bringing together groups that wouldn’t naturally collaborate. And in the latter part, we talked about his book on longevity, where Hubert challenges the industry around supplements, breaks down what actually drives healthspan, and explains why most people focus on the wrong things when trying to live longer, healthier lives. (Find out more in the episode.) Here’s What You’re In For How a simple conversation led to his first role in pharmaThe hidden complexity of bringing a drug from idea to marketHow to think about longevity using an “investment” mindset Timestamps 02:45 – How a Dinner Conversation Led to His First Pharma Role 06:27 – What “Serendipity” Really Means in a Career 07:41 – The Emotional Turning Point in Pediatric Intensive Care 10:08 – What DEBRA Research Does Differently in Drug Development 13:52 – Moving from Big Pharma to Biotech: What Actually Changes 15:46 – Acting as the Connector Between Patients, Biotech, and Pharma 19:29 – Why He Wrote a Book on Longevity 21:00 – The Reality About Supplements: “Almost Zero Data” 22:00 – The 10-Year Healthspan Loss Most People Ignore 24:00 – Why Exercise Outperforms Medication in Longevity About Hubert Hubert Truebel has built his career across medicine, pharma, and biotech. After starting as a physician in intensive care, he spent nearly 15 years at Bayer, ultimately as SVP Translational Medicine, working on major drug programs and clinical trials. He later moved into biotech as CMO at AiCuris, helping advance Pritelivir through late-stage development, shortly before the company was acquired for just under $1 billion. Today, Hubert works with DEBRA Research, focusing on ultra-rare skin diseases like epidermolysis bullosa through a patient-driven drug development model. Alongside this, he is a strong advocate for health and longevity, and recently published his book “Longevity – Die Anti-B******t-Formel.” Connect with Hubert: LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/hubert-truebel/ Website: https://www.debra-research.org/ About me My name is Charles Spence and I lead Discera. After many years working in the life-science recruitment world, I decided to work for myself. Before doing recruitment, I graduated with a biomedical degree, have worked in hospitals (including translation work in Seoul, South Korea), and also spent a year working in diabetes research in Stockholm. After doing research and travel, a career in business and science felt the most appropriate. In 2023, I decided to launch my firm - Discera Search. A firm committed to solving the biggest talent needs of early clinical stage SME biotechs on the East Coast and DACH. Connect with me: LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/charles-spence-clinical/ Website: https://www.discera-search.com/ Opinions and comments expressed by the guest do not represent the company and are fully their own.

In this episode, I talked with Sampreet Ramachandra, Head of the Hematology Business Unit at Novartis Germany, about what it really takes to lead high-stakes launches — and what leadership looks like when things don’t go to plan. Sampreet shares how graduating into the 2008 financial crisis forced him to rethink his career from day one. What was meant to be a short stop in oncology turned into an 18-year commitment to the industry. We talk about leading the commercialization of CAR-T in Germany, writing a launch playbook from scratch, and why excellence in launch is rare. We also discussed hiring mistakes — from overselling a role to ignoring a gut feeling — and why culture isn’t what you write on slides, but what you accept, celebrate, and tolerate, gender equity, the motherhood penalty, and what leadership responsibility truly means when it’s personal. Outside his professional work, Sampreet is someone who intentionally steps into discomfort — whether that’s learning tennis from scratch, snowboarding, practicing yoga, or picking up a camera as a hobby photographer. For him, growth isn’t just professional — it’s personal, physical, and ongoing. Here’s What You’re In For Building teams that can handle stress, scrutiny, and speedThe moment he hired someone “perfect on paper” — but ignored his gutThe real meaning of gender equity — and the career fear he witnessed at home Timestamps 02:17 – Graduating into the 2008 crash and taking an oncology role by necessity 02:32 – From tech in India to committing to pharma 09:11 – Commercializing CAR-T and pioneering a new launch model 10:18 – Writing a playbook from scratch for cell & gene therapy 13:03 – What’s changed (and what hasn’t) in launches 18:53 – Building great launch teams: mindset, resilience, experimentation 24:30 – Overselling a role and watching it unravel 27:18 – Ignoring a gut feeling in hiring 30:01 – Gender equity, motherhood penalty & parental leave 36:56 – Ending up in the emergency room — and rethinking ambition About Sampreet Sampreet Ramachandra is Head of the Hematology Business Unit at Novartis Germany, with over 18 years of experience across global, regional, and country leadership roles. He has led multiple best-in-class and first-in-class launches, including pioneering the commercialization of CAR-T in Germany. Originally starting his career in tech in India before graduating into the 2008 financial crisis, Sampreet built his path in pharma through purpose-driven decisions and continuous learning — holding degrees from Harvard, LSE, and India. Beyond commercial leadership, he is a strong advocate for gender equity and a supporter of youth education initiatives in India. Outside work, he’s a hobby photographer, snowboarder, yoga enthusiast, and is currently learning tennis Connect with Sampreet: LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/sampreetramachandra/ Website: https://www.novartis.com/de-de/ About me My name is Charles Spence and I lead Discera. After many years working in the life-science recruitment world, I decided to work for myself. Before doing recruitment, I graduated with a biomedical degree, have worked in hospitals (including translation work in Seoul, South Korea), and also spent a year working in diabetes research in Stockholm. After doing research and travel, a career in business and science felt the most appropriate. In 2023, I decided to launch my firm - Discera Search. A firm committed to solving the biggest talent needs of early clinical stage SME biotechs on the East Coast and DACH. Connect with me: LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/charles-spence-clinical/ Website: https://www.discera-search.com/ Opinions and comments expressed by the guest do not represent the company and are fully their own.

In this episode, I talked with Volker Wacheck, SVP & Head of Clinical Development at Taiho Oncology, where he shared how a PI role in Vienna led him into industry, and why the hardest part wasn’t leaving academia, but learning the unseen sides of drug development: regulatory, compliance, and CMC. Volker talked about the risks of hiring KOLs straight into VP or CMO roles, and why some thrive while others struggle. He also mentioned Taiho’s unique setup—anchored in Princeton, embedded in Otsuka’s Japanese holding—and how that cross-cultural mix shapes everything from decision-making speed to communication style. He also shares his most personal leadership lessons: the regret of staying silent in work, the “ask, don’t accuse” method he uses now, and how to manage egos when science and careers collide. From Taiho’s pipeline to his views on hiring, recruiters, and why impact often starts only after 18–24 months, this was a candid look at the realities of building teams and drugs that last. (Find out more in the episode.) Here’s What You’re In For KOLs jumping straight to VP/CMO—when it’s transformational vs. a risky mis‑fit.Over‑prepared vs. under‑prepared interviews: what signals actually predict success.Recruiters who stick the landing: investing time upfront and optimizing for tenure, not just speed. Timestamps: 01:26 – Why he left academia and looked to industry 03:12 – Learning the “other side” of development: regulatory, compliance, CMC 05:00 – KOLs jumping to VP/CMO: when it works and why it’s risky 11:31 – Working US/EU/Japan: direct vs. indirect communication; shared principles 14:00 – Why candidates might love Taiho: “small enough to feel personal, big enough to win,” plus stability 16:20 – The biomarker‑assay story: when not speaking up backfired 23:22 – Hiring: over‑prepared vs under‑prepared—what Volker actually looks for 26:29 – Good vs excellent recruiters: the time they put in before the search About Volker Volker Wacheck is Senior Vice President and Head of Clinical Development at Taiho Oncology. A medical oncology background and now over two decades of industry experience its fair to say he knows a lot about cancer research. Taiho is known for its cancer drug development including, Futi-Ba-tinib their FG-FR inhibitor and Zipa-Ler-tinib which targets EGFR Mutations. Volker is also someone who comes highly recommended, Michael Lahn, Ilaria Conti and insert other great person in the field all know and respect Volker. We spoke a few weeks before ASCO, met at ASCO and now doing this - and of course its a pleasure to have him on here. Connect with Volker: LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/volker-wacheck-b173248/Website: https://www.taihooncology.com/us/ About me My name is Charles Spence and I lead Discera. After many years working in the life-science recruitment world, I decided to work for myself. Before doing recruitment, I graduated with a biomedical degree, have worked in hospitals (including translation work in Seoul, South Korea), and also spent a year working in diabetes research in Stockholm. After doing research and travel, a career in business and science felt the most appropriate. In 2023, I decided to launch my firm - Discera Search. A firm committed to solving the biggest talent needs of early clinical stage SME biotechs on the East Coast and DACH. Connect with me: LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/charles-spence-clinical/Website: https://www.discera-search.com/ Opinions and comments expressed by the guest do not represent the company and are fully their own.

In this episode, I talked with Dr. Dena Grayson, a physician–scientist with over two decades in biotech drug development. At the time of this recording, she was SVP and Head of Clinical Development at Keros Therapeutics, leading programs in rare bone marrow disorders, and she has since become SVP of Clinical Development and Medical Affairs at Kyverna Therapeutics. Earlier in her career, she helped advance Repatha at Amgen, and her path has also included running for Congress and serving as a national media voice during COVID. Dena shares what it was like being the only MD–PhD in Amgen’s business development group, how she transitioned into clinical development, and the lessons she carried forward from her time in both politics and national media, where she became a trusted voice during the COVID pandemic. We dive into the real difference between presenting “the what” and explaining “the so what,” and why communication often makes or breaks careers in biotech. Alongside her professional journey, Dena opens up about the wildest recruitment experience she’s ever had, her approach to building strong teams, and why patience in hiring beats rushing a decision. And in our quick-fire round, she shares stories from her days as a state champion soccer player, her love of surfing, and how she unwinds outside biotech. (Find out more in the episode.) Here’s What You’re In For How a political campaign loss led to a media career during COVIDHow to handle interviews when you’re introvertedThe kinds of questions that truly impress hiring managers Timestamps 01:10 – Landing her first industry role at Amgen 03:24 – Repatha and investigational therapies at Keros 04:49 – Surfing, soccer, and state championships 07:08 – From political spouse to running for Congress 08:42 – Becoming a media commentator during COVID 10:41 – Communication lessons: from “what” to “so what” 15:14 – Advice for introverts in interviews and early career roles 17:37 – How thoughtful questions can change the dynamic in an interview 21:02 – Nearly 20 years as a hiring manager: what’s changed and what hasn’t 23:11 – Advice for junior hiring managers and why patience matters 25:37 – A candidate with a completely fabricated CV—the wildest recruitment story About Dena Dr. Dena Grayson is a physician–scientist (MD, PhD) with over 20 years in biotech drug development. At the time of this recording, she was SVP and Head of Clinical Development at Keros Therapeutics, leading programs in rare bone marrow disorders, and she has since become SVP of Clinical Development and Medical Affairs at Kyverna Therapeutics. Earlier in her career, she helped advance Repatha at Amgen, and her path has also included running for Congress and serving as a national media voice during COVID, experiences that shaped her belief that communication is as critical as science in driving biotech forward. Connect with Dena: LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/denaminninggrayson/ Website: https://kyvernatx.com/ About me My name is Charles Spence and I lead Discera. After many years working in the life-science recruitment world, I decided to work for myself. Before doing recruitment I graduated with a biomedical degree, have worked in hospitals (including translation work in Seoul, South Korea), and also spent a year working in diabetes research in Stockholm. After doing research and travel, a career in business and science felt the most appropriate. In 2023, I decided to launch my firm - Discera Search. A firm committed to solving the biggest talent needs of early clinical stage SME biotechs on the East Coast and DACH. Connect with me: LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/charles-spence-clinical/ Website: https://www.discera-search.com/ Opinions and comments expressed by the guest do not represent the company and are fully their own.

In this episode, I talked with Richard Nkulikiyinka, Chief Medical Officer at Antag Therapeutics, a Copenhagen-based biotech developing GIPR antagonists in the obesity space. Richard’s career began in the NHS, where he spent five years practicing acute medicine and intensive care—until the moment he realized he couldn’t picture himself doing the same thing for the next 30 years. That realization sparked a pivot that many physicians quietly wrestle with: leaving behind the security of the ward for the uncertainty of industry. Richard also shares what it was like to walk away from a stable VP role at Bayer during a restructuring, take an intentional career break, and use those months to reflect on what really mattered before joining Antag Therapeutics. We talk about the shift from big pharma to biotech, what he learned from leading through severe stakeholder misalignment, and why authentic communication matters more than management theory when things get messy. And yes—there’s a light-hearted detour into Berlin life, bad currywurst, and how to tell when it’s time to make serious changes in your team. Here’s What You’re In For What makes Antag Therapeutics’ culture uniqueThe hardest leadership call: deciding when the problem is you vs themThe recruitment ghosting story that every hiring manager should hear Timestamps 02:08 – Leaving the NHS: deciding what he could be “happily bored with” 04:00 – Landing his first pharma job at Bayer in drug safety 09:33 – Overview of Antag Therapeutics and GIPR vs GLP-1 13:20 – Leaving Bayer and taking a sabbatical to reset 17:08 – What it’s like to work at Antag Therapeutics—and what he looks for in candidates 18:46 – The toughest chapter: extreme stakeholder misalignment in dermatology 25:16 – Leadership lessons: firing, feedback, and the “benefit of the doubt” 29:00 – Why managers struggle to act fast—and how structure slows decisions 31:48 – Richard’s worst recruitment experience: being ghosted by agencies About Richard Richard Nkulikiyinka, is the Chief Medical Officer of Antag Therapeutics, a biotech developing GIPR antagonists within the Obesity space. A UK-trained physician, he spent five years practicing in acute medicine and intensive care within the NHS - this is also where he developed his dry sense of humour - and now he transitioned into the biopharmaceutical industry, where he has built over 17 years of experience. Prior to joining Antag, Richard served as Vice President in Clinical Development at Bayer Pharma, where he played a central role in advancing four drugs to approval. He is now ein Berliner - where we often meet for clubbing and currywurst. Connect with Richard: LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/richard-nkulikiyinka-66336014/ Website: https://antagtx.com/ About me My name is Charles Spence and I lead Discera. After many years working in the life-science recruitment world, I decided to work for myself. Before doing recruitment, I graduated with a biomedical degree, have worked in hospitals (including translation work in Seoul, South Korea), and also spent a year working in diabetes research in Stockholm. After doing research and travel, a career in business and science felt the most appropriate. In 2023, I decided to launch my firm - Discera Search. A firm committed to solving the biggest talent needs of early clinical stage SME biotechs on the East Coast and DACH. Connect with me: LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/charles-spence-clinical/ Website: https://www.discera-search.com/ Opinions and comments expressed by the guest do not represent the company and are fully their own.

In this episode, I talked with Prof. Dr. med. Markus Kosch, Head of Oncology Europe and Canada at Daiichi Sankyo Europe, about what it really means to lead with empathy, perseverance, and purpose in today’s biopharma world. Markus shared how losing his father to cancer at 21 shaped his commitment to oncology — and why that experience still guides his decisions decades later. After ten years in the hospital system, he faced a turning point: realizing that to help more patients, he’d have to step outside the clinic. That leap led him into industry at a time when ADCs were still an emerging idea — and he’s since built a career around transforming long-term scientific perseverance into patient impact. Markus opened up about layoffs and restructuring, learning to lead through influence rather than authority, and why “patient-centricity” has to be more than a corporate phrase. He also shared how Daiichi Sankyo invests in nurses, why he values authenticity above experience in hiring, and how he handles tough conversations — including a live role-play on what to do when an employee asks for a promotion that isn’t possible. (Find out more in the episode.) Here’s What You’re In For How to lead through influence, not authorityWhat patient-centricity really looks like inside Daiichi SankyoHow perseverance and ikigai fuel innovation Timestamps 03:00 – From hospital to industry — how his first pharma role came about 07:15 – Leading through influence instead of authority 08:10 – Guiding teams through restructuring 09:45 – How empathy and transparency define good leadership 12:10 – Patient-centric culture at Daiichi Sankyo 17:45 – Japanese lessons in ikigai 20:40 – Hiring authenticity 25:00 – Role-play: handling promotion requests and career plateaus About Markus Prof. Dr. med. Markus Kosch is Head of Oncology Europe & Canada at Daiichi Sankyo, with extensive leadership experience in oncology and global pharma. Before joining Daiichi Sankyo, he spent 16.5 years at Wyeth and Pfizer in senior roles. Trained as a physician, Markus worked for a decade treating cancer patients before moving into the pharmaceutical industry. His early personal experience with cancer — losing his father at age 21 — shaped his commitment to patient-centric innovation. Known for connecting scientific excellence with responsibility and perseverance, he focuses on advancing breakthrough oncology therapies, particularly Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs). He is passionate about leadership, collaboration, and embedding patient needs at the center of every decision. Connect with Markus LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/markus-kosch/ Daiichi Sankyo Europe: https://www.daiichi-sankyo.eu/ About me My name is Charles Spence and I lead Discera. After many years working in the life-science recruitment world, I decided to work for myself. Before doing recruitment, I graduated with a biomedical degree, have worked in hospitals (including translation work in Seoul, South Korea), and also spent a year working in diabetes research in Stockholm. After doing research and travel, a career in business and science felt the most appropriate. In 2023, I decided to launch my firm - Discera Search. A firm committed to solving the biggest talent needs of early clinical stage SME biotechs on the East Coast and DACH. Connect with me: LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/charles-spence-clinical/ Website: https://www.discera-search.com/ Opinions and comments expressed by the guest do not represent the company and are fully their own.

In this episode, I talked with Myriam Cherif, former Regional Medical Lead for Oncology & Emerging Markets at GSK and founder of Kalyx Medical—a consultancy focused on Medical Affairs strategy, mentoring, and AI training. I invited Myriam to join me here because she posts some of the most insightful and practical content about what life is really like as a Medical Affairs professional. She shares her journey from academia to pharma, and what it really takes to succeed in Medical Affairs without losing your sense of purpose. She opens up about the early days at Novartis, the steep transition from the lab to corporate life, and the practical lessons she learned through trial and error—most especially the KOL meeting that didn’t go as planned. She also shares the turning point that came when her role at GSK was made redundant, how that moment became the spark behind founding Kalyx Medical, and why she now helps MSLs and Medical Leads use AI with intention, and not as a gimmick. Along the way, she reflects on mentorship, resilience, and how to stand out in an industry that tests both your patience and adaptability. (Find out more in the episode.) Here’s What You’re In For Why mentorship can make or break your first MSL yearThe “so what” factor that makes a CV stand outHow AI can help MSLs read smarter, not harder Timestamps 01:15 – From PhD in molecular biology to Medical Affairs 03:07 – The reality behind the MSL role 05:30 – Starting at Novartis and feeling out of depth 06:52 – Her first KOL meeting—and what went wrong 08:08 – Why mentorship changes everything 10:17 – How long it took to land her first MSL role 15:34 – Turning objections into opportunities 22:42 – From GSK restructure to starting Kalyx Medical 25:26 – Two big mistakes companies make with AI 28:37 – How AI gives MSLs a competitive edge About Myriam Dr. Myriam Cherif is the former Regional Medical Lead – Oncology, Emerging Markets at GSK and the Founder of Kalyx Medical, a consultancy focused on medical affairs strategy and AI training. With over 14 years of experience in the pharmaceutical industry, Myriam has worked across a wide range of therapy areas, including cardiovascular, immunology, and oncology, and held leadership roles spanning the UK and emerging markets. At GSK, she led medical strategy and scientific engagement across diverse regions, ensuring compliance and excellence in oncology communication. Through Kalyx Medical, Myriam also supports biotech and pharma companies by enhancing their medical affairs capabilities and preparing teams for the evolving landscape of AI-driven drug development and engagement. Connect with Myriam LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/myriam-cherif-phd-977a911/ Kalyx Medical: https://www.linkedin.com/company/kalyx-medical/about/ About me My name is Charles Spence and I lead Discera. After many years working in the life-science recruitment world, I decided to work for myself. Before doing recruitment, I graduated with a biomedical degree, have worked in hospitals (including translation work in Seoul, South Korea), and also spent a year working in diabetes research in Stockholm. After doing research and travel, a career in business and science felt the most appropriate. In 2023, I decided to launch my firm - Discera Search. A firm committed to solving the biggest talent needs of early clinical stage SME biotechs on the East Coast and DACH. Connect with me: LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/charles-spence-clinical/ Website: https://www.discera-search.com/ Opinions and comments expressed by the guest do not represent the company and are fully their own.

In this episode, I talked with Sven Van den Berghe, CEO of Pantera, about his 25+ years in nuclear physics, from his early days at the Belgian Nuclear Research Center to stepping into the high-stakes world of radioisotope production. Sven speaks openly about the toughest move of his career: leaving the safety of a government research institute to run a startup where pressure, governance disputes, and fundraising could make or break the company. He explains why independent boards are essential, how culture must be defined from day one, and why money and trust suddenly matter a lot more when you’re no longer in a state-funded environment. He also shared the fine line between science and marketing in radiopharmaceuticals—the misleading claims, the half-truths about isotope supply, and how exaggeration risks turning investors and the public away from the whole field. Sven also gives a clear picture of Pantera’s mission to expand actinium-225 production, what real diversity in a team looks like, and why letting people go quickly can be the fairest option for everyone. We also spoke about Sven’s view on recruiters—the practices that cross the line and what still makes collaborations worthwhile. (Find out more in the episode.) Here’s What You’re In For Governance clashes with corporate founders in Pantera’s early yearsBuilding a leadership team that complements each other’s strengthsSven’s frustrations with recruiter behavior Timestamps 01:06 – Choosing a PhD and landing at the Belgian Nuclear Research Center 03:05 – The hardest step: leaving government research for startup life 04:49 – Governance disputes and the need for independent boards 06:32 – Lessons learned: business plans, money, and building trust in leadership teams 08:24 – Culture as the foundation of Pantera’s identity 09:02 – How hype and half-truths distort isotope marketing 10:50 – Why reliability, cost, and scale matter more than technical ability 12:13 – The danger of running down competitor isotopes 14:00 – What Pantera is building: actinium-225 supply today and long-term plans 22:22 – Hiring and why letting people go quickly can be the right call 24:08 – Sven’s frustrations with recruiter behavior About Sven Sven Van den Berghe is the CEO of PanTera, a company that aims to expand the supply of medical isotopes for cancer therapies. With a background in physics and a PhD in materials science, Sven spent more than two decades at the Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK CEN), where he rose through the ranks to become Institute Director. In 2021, he made the bold move from a secure government institute to leading a biotech startup—an inflection point he calls one of the hardest, but most rewarding, decisions of his career. Throughout his career, Sven has combined deep technical expertise in nuclear research with leadership in complex organizations. Today, he leads Pantera in its mission to expand the global supply of medical isotopes, drawing on his background in science, governance, and international collaboration.  Connect with Sven: LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/svenvdberghe/ Website: https://pantera-life.com/  About me My name is Charles Spence and I lead Discera. After many years working in the life-science recruitment world, I decided to work for myself. Before doing recruitment I graduated with a biomedical degree, have worked in hospitals (including translation work in Seoul, South Korea), and also spent a year working in diabetes research in Stockholm. After doing research and travel, a career in business and science felt the most appropriate. In 2023, I decided to launch my firm - Discera Search. A firm committed to solving the biggest talent needs of early clinical stage SME biotechs on the East Coast and DACH. Connect with me: LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/charles-spence-clinical/ Website: https://www.discera-search.com/  Opinions and comments expressed by the guest do not represent the company and are fully their own.