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USA aims to deliver long-term capital growth by backing some of America’s most exceptional businesses, whether listed on the stock market or privately owned. Launched in 2018, the trust takes a five-to-ten-year view, seeking companies with substantial growth opportunities, strong competitive advantages and ambitious management teams. Its ability to invest up to half of its assets in private companies gives shareholders access to businesses that would otherwise be beyond the reach of most individual investors, including innovators such as Anthropic, Stripe and Databricks. Alongside these holdings, the portfolio includes established public companies such as Nvidia and Amazon. Drawing on Baillie Gifford’s longstanding relationships with entrepreneurs, the managers seek to capture the value created as businesses develop and expand. The result is a distinctive approach to investing in the US innovation economy, combining public and private markets within a single investment trust designed for patient, growth-focused investors. In this episode, John Hughman speaks to co-manager Gary Robinson about the trust’s investment approach and the opportunities emerging across America’s growth companies. Gary explains why businesses are staying private for longer, how Baillie Gifford secures access to sought-after investments and how private holdings are valued independently of the fund managers. He discusses their contribution to performance, the challenges of beating a concentrated US stock market and the importance of backing ambitious founders. Artificial intelligence is a central theme, with Gary outlining the portfolio’s exposure, the rapid growth in paid adoption and his focus on durable competitive advantages. He also considers the risks surrounding AI safety, infrastructure and public acceptance, alongside the discipline involved in managing large holdings and reassessing valuations. Finally, Gary addresses Saba Capital’s proposed board appointments and urges shareholders to make their voices heard by voting early ahead of the trust’s AGM on 23 October this year.

BPCR is a specialist London-listed investment company that provides debt financing to emerging life sciences companies with approved or late-stage pharmaceutical products. Managed by Pharmakon Advisors, the trust seeks to deliver attractive, predictable income for investors by lending against high-value medicines rather than investing directly in biotech equities. Its highly specialised team combines extensive healthcare, banking and credit expertise to identify businesses with strong commercial prospects, focusing on capital preservation through disciplined underwriting, careful loan structuring and rigorous due diligence. In this interview, John Hughman speaks to Pedro Gonzalez de Cosio, CEO and co-founder of Pharmakon Advisors, about how the company identifies lending opportunities within the biopharmaceutical sector and why debt has become an increasingly attractive source of funding for innovative healthcare companies. Pedro explains the trust's selective investment process, its emphasis on approved therapies, patent protection and downside risk management, and discusses how higher interest rates, changing market conditions and advances such as gene therapy, cell therapy and AI are shaping future opportunities. The conversation also explores the trust's dividend record, discount to NAV, and Pedro's ambitions to broaden the shareholder base and support the trust's continued growth.

Welcome to another episode of The Two Johns, the investment trust podcast brought to you by the website www.johnbaronportfolios.co.uk. Each month, John Baron joins former Investors' Chronicle editor John Hughman to discuss the big themes dominating the investment landscape and the important issues affecting the sector, while explaining how these are influencing the way the website's ten live investment trust portfolios are being managed. In episode 22, they discuss the progress of John Baron’s “Trade of the Decade”, a decade outlook first mooted five years ago, revisiting the case for investing in the UK and its undervalued stock market. They explore why UK equities have defied pessimistic expectations, the growing appeal of value investing, and why smaller companies and investment trusts may now increasingly contribute to themarket’s continued strong performance over the next half-decade. In the second section, they also look at the recent rise in long bond yields, and the structural forces keeping inflation and interest rates higher, including geopolitical uncertainty, deglobalisation and increased expenditure on defence,the energy transition, infrastructure and AI spending – and why, in the context of mounting government debt and stretched central bank credibility, they remain cautious on equities generally while favouring the UK market and alternative investments.

UEM is aspecialist investment company focused on infrastructure, utilities and essential services across emerging markets. Managed by Charles Jillings and his team, the trust invests in the companies that help economies function and grow, including ports, railways, electricity networks, telecoms, digitalinfrastructure and transport assets. With a concentrated, bottom-up approach, UEM looks for high-quality businesses with strong management teams, resilient cash generation and the potential to deliver long-term capital growth alongside a progressive dividend. Investing across regions from Latin America to Asia, the trust aims to benefit from the structural growth trends underpinning urbanisation, industrialisation and rising middle-class demand in emerging economies. In the interview, Charles discusses how the company has navigated a volatile backdrop shaped by tariffs, geopolitical tensions, inflation and energy shocks, while continuing to uncover attractive opportunities in often-overlooked infrastructure sectors. He explains why emerging markets have become more resilient and adaptable, highlights opportunities in ports, digital infrastructure and Brazil’s waste sector, and outlines how governance and management quality drive stock selection. The conversation also explores China’s industrial evolution, India’s infrastructure ambitions, Latin America’s growing appeal, and why energy security, AI enablement and supply-chain resilience could become powerful drivers of future growth.

Welcome to another episode of The Two Johns, the investment trust podcast brought to you by the website www.johnbaronportfolios.co.uk. Each month, John Baron joins former Investors' Chronicle editor John Hughman to discuss the big themes dominating the investment landscape and the important issues affecting the sector, while explaining how these are influencing the way the website's ten live investment trust portfolios are being managed. In episode 21, they examine why infrastructure is emerging as one of the most compelling long-term investment opportunities, driven by ageing assets, surging electricity demand from AI, the energy transition and growing concerns over energy security. They discuss how governments are increasingly relying on private capital to bridge a multi-trillion-dollar global infrastructure funding gap, creating attractive opportunities in sectors such as utilities, water and transport. The episode also revisits the ongoing conflict in Iran, exploring why geopolitical uncertainty reinforces the importance of portfolio diversification, disciplined risk management and maintaining a long-term investment perspective rather than reacting to short-term market volatility.

EGL investsin a diversified portfolio of utilities, environmental services, and transportation infrastructure companies across developed markets, with the aim of delivering a combination of secure income, capital preservation, and long-term growth. Managed by Jean-Hugues de Lamaze since launch in 2016, the trust focuses on businesses with predictable cash flows, strong inflation linkage and structural growth opportunities arising from the energy transition. Recent years have seen the portfolio benefit from growing investment in power networks, electrification and energy infrastructure - themes that the manager believes are reshaping what has traditionally been viewed as a defensive, income-oriented sector. In this interview, de Lamaze explains why utilities and infrastructure are no longer simply "bond proxy" investments, arguing that electrification, grid modernisation, and rising power demand are creating compelling long-term growth opportunities. He discusses how the trust seeks to combine a c.4% yield with dividend growth, outlines the investment case for electricity networks, renewable infrastructure, and environmental services, and explains why the market continues to underestimate the sector's structural growth potential. He also reflects on the impact of AI-driven electricity demand, the energy transition, valuation opportunities created by interest-rate volatility, and how EGL is positioned to deliver attractive returns with lower volatility than broader equity markets.

Welcome to The Two Johns, the investment trust podcast brought to you by the website www.johnbaronportfolios.co.uk. Each month, John Baron joins former Investors’ Chronicle editor John Hughman to discuss the big themes dominating the investment landscape and the important issues affecting the sector, while explaining how these are influencing the way the website’s ten live investment trust portfolios are being managed. In episode 20, they first look at special situations - and why uncertainty, negative sentiment and unloved assets can create compelling opportunities for patient investors. From discounted investment trusts and out-of-favour fund managers to life sciences, data businesses, infrastructure and uranium, they consider when market pessimism signals genuine value rather than a value trap. They then turn to growth, asking where the next generation of opportunities might emerge, from AI and healthcare to infrastructure and the energy transition - and whether investors can still find high-quality growth at a reasonable price.

CGT is a long-established, defensively positioned multi-asset investment company focused on preserving and steadily growing investors’ real wealth over time. Managed byCG Asset Management, the trust aims to deliver long-term returns ahead of inflation while minimising the risk of significant capital loss, using a flexible global portfolio spanning equities, bonds and commodities without leverage or short selling. As of 31 January 2026, the portfolio was heavilyweighted towards inflation protection, with around 45% in index-linked government bonds alongside allocations to equities, credit and liquidity. Over the year to January 2026 the share price total return was 5.1%, and since inception in 1982 the trust has delivered returns of over 290x investors’ capital with only two losing years, highlighting its exceptional long-term wealth preservation record under its long-standing manager and founder Peter Spiller. In this episode, co-manager Chris Clothier explains how the trust is built to withstand uncertain markets, stressing the importance of preparing portfolios in advance rather than reacting to geopolitical shocks. He outlines the three core building blocks - risk assets, inflation-linked bonds and a strategic liquidity reserve - and how allocation decisions are driven by valuations, the business cycle and long-term macro views, particularly around inflation and global debt. Clothier also discusses concerns over elevated government debt and the potential for bond market stress, the role of investment trusts in exploiting discounts, and the trust’s focus on avoiding losses while delivering real returns. The conversation also touches on active shareholder engagement and the importance of retail investors.

Welcome to The Two Johns, the investment trust podcast brought to you by the website www.johnbaronportfolios.co.uk. Each month, John Baron joins former Investors' Chronicle editor John Hughman to discuss the big themes dominating the investment landscape and the important issues affecting the sector, while explaining how these are influencing the way the website's ten live investment trust portfolios are being managed. In episode 19, they explore whether investors are entering a fundamentally more volatile and inflationary era, shaped by geopolitical fragmentation, shifting global power dynamics and the erosion of the post-war rules-based order. Drawing onJohn Baron’s latest monthly investment commentary, they discuss why resilience through diversification is central to portfolio construction, arguing that structurally higher inflation - driven by deglobalisation, ageing populations, government spending, energy transition costs and geopolitical tensions -requires a rethink regarding traditional investing, including the classic 60/40 portfolio.

PPET is a UK-listed investment company offering liquidaccess to European mid-market private equity. Managed by Patria Investmentssince 2024, with Alan Gauld continuing to lead the long-standing team, thetrust aims to deliver long-term total returns through a diversified mix ofprimary fund commitments, secondaries and an increasing allocation to directco-investments. Its focus is on mid-market businesses with enterprise values of€100m–€1bn - an area that has historically outperformed larger buyouts. Todaythe portfolio provides exposure to hundreds of underlying companies,predominantly in Europe, with strong weightings in technology, healthcare andindustrials. Alongside capital growth, PPET offers a progressive dividendpolicy and currently trades on a wide discount to NAV. In the interview, Alan explains how PPET blendsprimaries, secondaries and directs - now around a quarter of the portfolio - tobalance diversification with higher-return potential. He outlines the rigorousdue diligence applied to each strand, the emphasis on sector-specialistmanagers, and why European mid-market buyouts offer fertile ground for valuecreation through operational improvement and strategic exits. Alan discussessector positioning - notably in niche B2B software and healthcare - sustainabilityas a driver of exit multiples, and the importance of conservative valuationdiscipline. Alan also addresses the recent slowdown in exits, the impact ofhigher rates and tariff uncertainty, and why improving distributions, buybacksand double-digit NAV growth could help narrow the sector’s persistentdiscounts.

Welcome to The Two Johns, the investment trust podcast brought to you by the website www.johnbaronportfolios.co.uk. Each month, John Baron joins former Investors' Chronicle editor John Hughman to discuss the big themes dominating the investment landscape and the important issues affecting the sector, while explaining how these are influencing the way the website's ten live investment trust portfolios are being managed. In episode 18, they examine the evolving investment case for the technology sector as markets shift from growth-led momentum to a more value-focused environment. The discussion explores why recent valuation changes may have created new opportunities in technology, particularly among smaller specialist firms, while raising questions over the long-term strategies of some of the large-cap technology companies. They also consider the role of active portfolio management, global technology exposure, and defensive positioning through commodities and energy, alongside the broader implications of inflation, geopolitical tensions, and energy security for investors navigating an uncertain economic landscape.

FGEN is a London-listed investment company managed by Foresight Group, targeting a sustainable,progressive dividend alongside long-term capital preservation. Formerly knownas JLEN Environmental Assets, the trust invests in a highly diversifiedportfolio of environmental infrastructure aligned with decarbonisation andresource efficiency. Its assets span renewable energy generation - includingwind, solar, anaerobic digestion, biomass, hydropower, and energy-from-waste -alongside battery storage, low-carbon transport and sustainable resourcemanagement such as waste, wastewater, and controlled-environment agriculture.Around 71% of the portfolio is in renewable generation, with the balance incomplementary infrastructure, making it one of the most diversified vehicles inits peer group. The strategy focuses on long-term, stable, and ofteninflation-linked cash flows, and currently supports a high, well-covereddividend, despite sector-wide valuation pressure and a wide discount to NAV. In this interview, leadmanager Charlie Wright discusses FGEN’s evolution from a wind-and-solar focusedvehicle at IPO in 2014 to a broader environmental infrastructure platformspanning three pillars: renewable generation, other energy infrastructure, andsustainable resource management. He explains how diversification by technologyand revenue stream has helped cushion performance amid weak sentiment andregulatory uncertainty, including proposed UK changes to inflation linkage onlegacy subsidies. Wright highlights strong dividend cover of around 1.2x, lowgearing and a comparatively high discount rate as evidence of financialresilience. A key differentiator is FGEN’s trio of “growth assets” - a UKcontrolled-environment glasshouse, the CNG biomethane refuelling network, and aNorwegian land-based aquaculture facility, all of which are ramping upoperations and targeted for disposal in due course to crystallise capitalgrowth and recycle proceeds into new opportunities across the energytransition.

BIOG is a specialist, pure-play investment trust focused on achieving long-term capital growth from the global biotechnology sector. Managed by OrbiMed, one ofthe world’s leading healthcare investors, the trust combines deep scientific, clinical, and financial analysis to identify companies developing innovative new medicines. Its portfolio is deliberately biased towards emerging and mid-cap biotechnology businesses, where much of the industry’s innovation sits and where valuation inefficiencies can be most pronounced. This positioning makes the trust more volatile than large-cap healthcare funds, but it is designed to capture asymmetric upside as scientific progress translates into clinical success, acquisitions, and market recovery. In this interview, co-manager Geoffrey Hsu explains how the trust navigates the high-risk, high-reward world of biotech investing. He outlines OrbiMed’s rigorous bottom-up process, blending detailed scientific due diligence with disciplined valuation and risk control, and discusses how the portfolio isconstructed to manage binary clinical events. The conversation explores why emerging biotech has been hit hardest by rising interest rates, why valuations now look compelling, and how improving funding conditions, M&A activity and a rich pipeline of clinical catalysts could drive recovery. Hsu also highlights key innovation trends – from oncology and rare diseases to gene, RNA, and cell therapies – and explains how global exposure, including China, positions the trust for the next phase of growth.

Welcome toThe Two Johns, the investment trust podcast brought to you by the website www.johnbaronportfolios.co.uk.Each month, John Baron joins former Investors' Chronicle editor John Hughman todiscuss the big themes dominating the investment landscape and the importantissues affecting the sector, while explaining how these are influencing the waythe website's ten live investment trust portfolios are being managed. In episode 17, they take an in depth look at thepower of compounding, and why it remains one of the most important drivers oflong-term investment success. They explain how reinvesting dividends hashistorically generated the vast majority of stock market returns, turningsteady, patient investing into significantly stronger outcomes over time. Theyalso look at gold’s recent weakness during geopolitical tensions and why,despite short-term pressures from a stronger US dollar and regional dynamics,the broader outlook remains positive.

Launched in1891, CTY is one of the UK’s oldest and best-known investment companies, with along-standing focus on delivering a rising income alongside long-term capitalgrowth. The trust invests predominantly in UK-listed equities, although many ofits holdings generate a significant proportion of revenues overseas, and it hasthe flexibility to invest up to 20% of assets in overseas stocks. CTY isparticularly renowned for its exceptional dividend record, having increased itspayout every year for close to six decades, supported by the investment truststructure and the use of revenue reserves. The portfolio is managed with aconservative, valuation-led approach, emphasising companies with strong balancesheets, resilient cash flows and sustainable dividends. Job Curtis has managedthe trust since 1991, providing continuity of philosophy through multiplemarket cycles. In thisinterview, Job Curtis discusses how the trust is positioned in the currentmarket environment and reflects on the experience gained from managing CTYthrough periods of inflation shocks, interest rate cycles and geopoliticaluncertainty. He explains why valuation remains the starting point for allinvestment decisions and how this discipline has shaped portfolio positioning,including a sizeable overweight to UK financials and selective exposure to realestate and other out-of-favour areas. The conversation also covers the trust’spragmatic approach to ESG, its willingness to take contrarian positions wherevaluations are compelling, and the role of revenue reserves in sustainingdividend growth. Curtis concludes by outlining the key risks and opportunitiesfacing income investors and setting out why he believes pessimism around UKequities is overstated.