Advertise on podcast: Even Shlomo - Rav Shlomo Carlebach zt"l on the Weekly Parsha

The Torah tells us that Hashem appeared to Avraham Avinu at Elonei Mamre. But it never tells us what Hashem said. What kind of revelation takes place without a single word? In this week's Even Shlomo on the Parsha, Rav Shlomo Katz and the chevra of Shirat David explore a remarkable teaching from Reb Shlomo Carlebach and the Ishbitzer tradition about what it really means to encounter Hashem. What happens when the world around us feels unbearably dark? How do we recognize Hashem's presence in moments of suffering and uncertainty? And when something deep inside us cries out for change, what might Hashem be asking of us? A moving and deeply relevant learning for Parshat Vayera about the presence of Hashem and what it can awaken within us. For more Shiurim and Music from Rav Shlomo Katz, visit: https://ravshlomokatz.com Join Rav Shlomo Katz's WhatsApp Community: https://chat.whatsapp.com/KHKOhhPaeHx5Kb74WL9L9a?mode=ems_copy_t Chapters 00:00 Opening Nigun 00:26 Welcome and What the Avot Prepared for Us 01:32 When the Conversations of the Avot Become Our Torah 05:30 What Makes a Test a Real Test? 15:30 Avraham's Question: Who Runs the World? 16:31 When Revelation Becomes Responsibility 18:32 The Parable of the King Walking in Darkness 20:44 When Hashem Appears but Says Nothing 26:52 Avraham's Prayer for Every Suffering Jew 29:40 Finding Hashem Amid Tragedy 30:53 The Great Tzaddikim Who Cannot Be Replaced 32:36 Reb Shlomo's Remarkable Hesped for the Rebbe 34:05 When Torah Wanders Through Dark Alleys 35:37 Tisha B'Av and the Pain of a Torah in Exile 41:56 A New Light at the Banai Shul 43:47 When Jewish Education Produces Parrots 45:59 Revealing the Chen of Torah

What does it really mean to live above and beyond nature? And how much of what we consider impossible is simply the result of the limits we've placed on ourselves? In this week's Even Shlomo on the Parsha, Rav Shlomo Katz and the chevra of Shirat David explore a remarkable teaching from the Ruzhiner Rebbe, as shared by Reb Shlomo Carlebach, beginning with a subtle but profound difference between Noach and Avraham Avinu. Through beautiful Chassidic stories and some surprisingly practical examples, this shiur challenges us to reconsider what it means to serve Hashem, how we relate to others, and what might become possible when we learn to go beyond our own nature. For more Shiurim and Music from Rav Shlomo Katz, visit: https://ravshlomokatz.com Join Rav Shlomo Katz's WhatsApp Community: https://chat.whatsapp.com/KHKOhhPaeHx5Kb74WL9L9a?mode=ems_copy_t Chapters 00:00 Birthday Blessings and Opening Nigun 06:07 Beginning the Lech Lecha Teaching 10:02 Why Noach Walked With God and Avraham Walked Before Him 11:03 Elokim and Havayah: Nature and Beyond Nature 14:18 My Encounter with the Lelover Rebbe on a Plane 15:37 Why the Lelover Rebbe Wore a Fur Coat in Summer 23:29 Noach vs. Avraham: Two Ways of Giving Tzedakah 25:32 The Secret Generosity of a Wealthy Jew in Warsaw 28:57 Going Beyond Nature by Opening Your Door 30:31 Why Noach Didn't Challenge God's Decree 32:14 Our Soldiers and the Power to Go Beyond Nature 34:26 What Real Friendship Teaches Us About Going Beyond36:00 Avraham's Willingness to Enter the Furnace40:45 Going Beyond Our Natural Limits41:15 When Love Makes Us Forget Our Needs45:10 Be More Than You Think You Can Be46:15 The Power of Living Beyond Nature47:00 A Question About Techiyat HaMetim48:45 Rav Ginsburgh on Faith Beyond Statistics

When we think of Parshat Noach, we usually think of the mabul, the teivah, the rainbow, and the dove returning with an olive leaf.  But there's something about that little olive leaf that opens up an entirely different world. This week in Even Shlomo, we're learning one of my favorite teachings from Reb Shlomo Carlebach. It's one of the most unexpected pieces I've ever learned, connecting Noach to some of the most significant moments in our history. And underneath this remarkable teaching is something so important for us to remember, especially when we find ourselves going through our own personal mabul. ----------For more Shuirim and Music from Rav Shlomo Katz, visit: https://ravshlomokatz.comJoin Rav Shlomo Katz's WhatsApp Community: https://chat.whatsapp.com/KHKOhhPaeHx5Kb74WL9L9a?mode=ems_copy_t

How is it possible that someone can know so much Torah, teach it beautifully, and still leave us feeling absolutely nothing? And then someone else, who barely knows anything, can share one word that stays with us for the rest of our lives? In this week's Even Shlomo on the Parsha, Rav Shlomo Katz and the chevra of Shirat David begin Bereishit with a remarkable teaching from Reb Efraim of Breslov, as brought down in Reb Shlomo Carlebach's Even Shlomo. Through Adam HaRishon, the Akeidah, and the teachings of Rebbe Nachman and Reb Noson, we explore what it really means to receive the word of Hashem and give it over to another person. A deeply relevant learning for anyone who teaches Torah, raises children, or simply wants the Torah they're learning to become a living part of who they are. ------------ For more Shiurim and Music from Rav Shlomo Katz, visit: https://ravshlomokatz.com Join Rav Shlomo Katz's WhatsApp Community: https://chat.whatsapp.com/KHKOhhPaeHx5Kb74WL9L9a?mode=ems_copy_t Chapters 00:00 Opening Niggun and Gratitude 01:59 Dedication and Welcome 08:11 What Adam Blamed Chava For 10:17 Reb Efraim's Remarkable Teaching 11:41 What Was Adam's Real Sin? 12:56 Why Prayer Is Called Work of the Heart 17:08 How Avraham Transmitted God's Word to Yitzchak 19:01 Why Torah Must Be Accompanied by Prayer 24:36 Davening Over the Gift of Eretz Yisrael 29:18 The Secret of La'avdah U'leshamrah 30:53 How Adam Passed God's Command to Chava 32:04 Why Some Torah Leaves Us Cold 33:12 When One Word of Torah Changes Everything 34:33 The Crisis in Jewish Education 36:03 Choosing Teachers of the Tree of Life

As Parshat Balak unfolds, Rav Shlomo Katz and the chevra of Shirat David explore one of the most uncomfortable questions in Judaism: what does it actually mean to be the "Chosen People"? Is chosenness about superiority, exclusivity, or something entirely different? Drawing on the Even Shlomo, Rebbe Nachman, and a breathtaking reading of Balak's deepest desire, Rav Shlomo reveals that Balak's mistake wasn't simply hatred of the Jewish people. At his core, he longed for a world where everyone could be close to Hashem, but he misunderstood what that closeness truly meant. Through the stories of Ruth HaMoaviah, Pinchas, Ger Tzedek Avraham Potocki, and Reb Tzadok HaKohen, this shiur uncovers the inner meaning of בינו לבין קונו—a deeply personal relationship with the Ribbono Shel Olam that cannot be reduced to ritual alone.  Chosenness, Rav Shlomo explains, isn't about excluding others. It's about becoming so deeply connected to Hashem that your greatest joy is seeing the entire world draw close to Him as well. ----------For more Shuirim and Music from Rav Shlomo Katz, visit: https://ravshlomokatz.comJoin Rav Shlomo Katz's WhatsApp Community: https://chat.whatsapp.com/KHKOhhPaeHx5Kb74WL9L9a?mode=ems_copy_t 00:00 Opening Nigun, Dedication, and Netanel's Birthday05:06 Introducing Parshat Balak: The Seemingly Simple Portion08:32 Balak vs. Bilaam: Why the Parsha Bears Balak's Name13:16 Chosenness vs. Political Correctness16:23 Balak's Jealousy and His Desire for Universal Closeness19:16 The Miss America Analogy and the Meaning of Chosenness23:19 Idol Worship vs. True Service of Hashem27:02 Ger Tzedek Avraham Potocki's Final Reflection28:43 Refining the Inner Self Takes a Lifetime29:53 Why Pinchas Appears at the End of Parshat Balak31:18 Pinchas: The Tikkun of Anger and Jealousy33:05 The Personal Relationship with the Ribbono Shel Olam34:08 Beino L'Vein Kono: The Messianic Secret36:23 Balak's Dream Fulfilled Through Ruth38:12 You're Not Disappointing Your Ancestors

As Parshat Chukat opens with the mystery of the Parah Adumah, Rav Shlomo Katz and the chevra of Shirat David uncover a startling teaching hidden within its ashes.  Drawing from  Reb Tzadok HaKohen, the Rambam, and Reb Shlomo Carlebach, this short but powerful shiur becomes a meditation on exile, redemption, and what it truly means to prepare for Mashiach. Beginning with the Rambam's surprising prayer in the middle of Mishneh Torah, Rav Shlomo explores the deeper meaning of the Parah Adumah as a symbol of Am Yisrael itself: pure, whole, and sent "outside the camp" into centuries of galut. Yet the story does not end there. One day, the ashes will be gathered. From the haunting image of the ashes of Majdanek to Avraham Avinu's first prayer in the Torah, a profound teaching emerges: before Mashiach comes, a Jew must be connected to both the dust of Eretz Yisrael and the ashes of the Six Million. Not one without the other. ----------------------For more Shiurim and Music from Rav Shlomo Katz, visit:https://ravshlomokatz.com Join Rav Shlomo Katz's WhatsApp Community:https://chat.whatsapp.com/KHKOhhPaeHx5Kb74WL9L9a?mode=ems_copy_t

Every year, we return to Parshat Korach, thinking we know the story. A jealous man challenges Moshe Rabbeinu, gets swallowed by the earth, and that's the end of it. But Rav Shlomo Katz and the chevra of Shirat David explore a much deeper reading: Korach's downfall was not that he made a mistake. It was that he could not admit he had made one. Drawing on the Ishbitzer, Chazal, and the inner relationship between Korach, Kayin, Hevel, and Moshe Rabbeinu, this shiur uncovers what may be the ultimate test of truth: not whether we know the truth, but whether we can accept it when it exposes our own flaws. Why is it often harder for religious people to admit they're wrong? What separates Moshe's humility from Korach's certainty? And why does genuine teshuvah require the courage to dismantle structures we've spent decades building? From shalom bayis and friendship to leadership and spiritual growth, this episode becomes a powerful meditation on humility, learning, and the liberating realization that being wrong is not the end of the story. It may be the beginning of redemption. ----------For more Shuirim and Music from Rav Shlomo Katz, visit: https://ravshlomokatz.comJoin Rav Shlomo Katz's WhatsApp Community: https://chat.whatsapp.com/KHKOhhPaeHx5Kb74WL9L9a?mode=ems_copy_t

As Parshat Shelach confronts us once again with the story of the Meraglim, Rav Shlomo Katz and the chevra of Shirat David uncover what may be the deepest question hidden beneath their report. Were the spies really afraid? Drawing from the Even Shlomo, Rav Shlomo suggests that the issue was not fear at all. The issue was רצון. Because if there is something you truly want — something your life depends on — nothing can stop you. Obstacles only reveal uncertainty in the connection. When desire is absolute, doubt disappears. In this powerful shiur, Rav Shlomo explores the difference between responsibility and ratzon, the deeper meaning of אין דבר עומד בפני הרצון, the spiritual root of the Meraglim's mistake, and why Eretz Yisrael remains the ultimate test of what Am Yisrael truly wants. Through stories of parents risking everything for their children, hostages who discovered hidden strengths, the Six-Day War, Oslo, and the eternal longing for Yerushalayim, this episode becomes a meditation on the question that every Jew must eventually ask: What do I want so deeply that nothing in the world could stop me?----------For more Shuirim and Music from Rav Shlomo Katz, visit: https://ravshlomokatz.com Join Rav Shlomo Katz's WhatsApp Community: https://chat.whatsapp.com/KHKOhhPaeHx5Kb74WL9L9a?mode=ems_copy_t CHAPTERS00:00 Intro & Opening Blessings02:37 Identifying the Core Issue of Today’s Shiur13:17 When Obstacles Reveal a Flaw in Our Connection14:36 The Unstoppable Drive: Jumping Into a Stormy Ocean17:07 A Mother’s Heroic Act in a Car Accident23:38 Lessons from the Meraglim’s Report26:47 Reordering Responsibility and Ratzon

As Parshat Behaalotecha opens with the lighting of the Menorah, Rav Shlomo Katz and the chevra of Shirat David uncover a deeper question hidden beneath the mitzvah: what was it that Moshe Rabbeinu could not understand about the Menorah? Drawing from the teachings of Reb Leibel Eiger, the Sfas Emes, and Reb Shlomo Carlebach, this shiur explores the meaning of “fire” in Avodat Hashem — not external excitement, but the פנימיות שבפנימיות, the hidden flame burning deep within every Jewish soul. Rav Shlomo explains that Aharon HaKohen’s greatness was not simply lighting candles, but revealing to every Yid that there is already a fire inside them that never truly goes out. ----------For more Shuirim and Music from Rav Shlomo Katz, visit: https://ravshlomokatz.comJoin Rav Shlomo Katz's WhatsApp Community: https://chat.whatsapp.com/KHKOhhPaeHx5Kb74WL9L9a?mode=ems_copy_t CHAPTERS00:00 Opening greetings and theme introduction08:40 Moshe's difficulty with the Menorah explained13:09 Reb Leibel Eger on the nature of fire15:38 Aharon HaKohen reveals the inner fire of mitzvah18:24 Rebbe’s torch: fire that spreads the world19:42 Maftirz becha – divine request for fire23:35 Avoiding transgression with inner fire28:23 Sefer Bamidbar’s perpetual failures and fire plea29:33 Miriam’s Fire Extinguished – Keep Your Spiritual Flame Alive34:48 Skeptics Question the Longevity of Our Community’s Fire36:02 Moshe’s Struggle with the Menorah’s Eternal Flame38:20 Returning to the Vision: The Menorah as a Divine Mirror42:15 Overcoming the Inner Cynic with Aharon’s Persistent Fire

As Parshat Behar–Bechukotai closes Sefer Vayikra, Rav Shlomo Katz and the chevra of Shirat David explore one of the deepest teachings of the Ishbitzer on the words “אם בחוקותי תלכו.” What does it mean for Torah to become חקוק — engraved — inside a person? And how do you know if your mitzvot are truly becoming part of you, or just remaining external behaviors? In this shiur, Rav Shlomo weaves together Sefirat HaOmer, friendship, humility, and the danger of humiliating another Jew. Through a powerful story with IDF soldiers, the hidden meaning of counting the Omer, and the teachings of the Ishbitzer and Rebbi Akiva, he reveals that real spiritual growth happens not through perfection, but through closeness — closeness to Hashem, to Torah, and to each other. At the center of the episode is a piercing question: what if the deepest form of Torah is simply learning to look at another person and say, “I actually have no idea what they’re carrying”?----------For more Shuirim and Music from Rav Shlomo Katz, visit: https://ravshlomokatz.com Join Rav Shlomo Katz's WhatsApp Community: https://chat.whatsapp.com/KHKOhhPaeHx5Kb74WL9L9a?mode=ems_copy_tCHAPTERS00:00 Opening Niggun and Sponsorships14:34 Bechukotai and the Depth of Connection16:56 Achieving Bechukotai Through Not Humiliating Others18:10 Uncertainty About Others' Struggles22:01 Understanding Chokim and Human Reason24:24 Sefirat HaOmer as Daily Spiritual Growth26:07 Consequences of Missing Omer Counting27:09 Friendship as the Essence of Omer Counting40:48 Bottom-Up Influence of Friendship

As Parshat Emor brings us into the avodah of Sefirat HaOmer, Rav Shlomo Katz and the chevra of Shirat David uncover a deep teaching from the Even Shlomo: the secret of time and space is not abstract. It’s the key to knowing where you are, who you are, and what this moment is asking of you. In this shiur, Rav Shlomo explores why we specifically daven for the rebuilding of the Beit HaMikdash after counting the Omer, and how Sefirah trains a person to become sensitive to time itself and to feel that every רגע is completely new. Drawing on the cheit ha’eigel, everyday life, and the inner world of Chassidut, he shows how losing touch with time leads to losing our sense of place, and how reconnecting to both restores clarity. From the idea that “nothing is ever wasted” on Pesach Sheni, to the deeper meaning of lashon hara, relationships, and מחדש בטובו בכל יום תמיד, this episode becomes a powerful meditation on living in the here and now, and what it really means to be ready for the Beit HaMikdash.----------For more Shuirim and Music from Rav Shlomo Katz, visit: https://ravshlomokatz.comJoin Rav Shlomo Katz's WhatsApp Community: https://chat.whatsapp.com/KHKOhhPaeHx5Kb74WL9L9a?mode=ems_copy_t CHAPTERS00:00 Rav Ginsburgh and Pesach Sheni03:22 Iyar Sponsorships and Memorials05:14 Harachaman After Omer: Calling for the Beis HaMikdash07:29 Knowing the Secret of Time and Space10:40 Friend Reunion Analogy: Avoiding Lashon Hara14:28 Forgetting Space: Disconnection from the Present17:39 Yom Kippur’s Unique Shem HaShem Revelation23:45 Sefirah Connects Time, Space, and the Temple25:14 Personal Revelation and Giluy Naot27:27 Unique Personal Interpretations of Omer28:39 Seeing Everyone as Newly Created30:19 Traversing the Seven Emotional Sephirot31:23 Tefillin in the Bathroom: A Time/Space Lesson32:35 Leaders Ignoring Time and Space35:09 Prayer to Restore the Temple37:14 Humility and Davening During the Omer

As Parshat Tazria–Metzora confronts the difficult reality of lashon hara, Rav Shlomo Katz and the chevra of Shirat David reveal a deeper and almost surprising truth: the one who speaks negatively is not small, but someone with a big soul. Drawing from the Mei HaShiloach and the Meor Einayim, Rav Shlomo explores why the Torah דווקא calls the metzora an “Adam” — the highest name for a human being. What emerges is a powerful insight: lashon hara often comes not from pettiness, but from deep disappointment — from people who wanted something very much and couldn’t bear when it didn’t come true. In this shiur, Rav Shlomo traces the inner journey from unmet expectations to anger, and from anger to speech that wounds. He then uncovers the deeper תיקון of the metzora — not punishment, but space: stepping outside the noise of life to rediscover that the פנימיות never changed, that it’s only the “skin” that became hardened. From the role of hitbodedut and isolation, to the deeper meaning of tzaraat affecting דווקא the עור, this episode becomes a guide to softening again — to seeing ourselves and others not through disappointment, but through the lens of what we know they can be. ----------For more Shuirim and Music from Rav Shlomo Katz, visit: https://ravshlomokatz.comJoin Rav Shlomo Katz's WhatsApp Community: https://chat.whatsapp.com/KHKOhhPaeHx5Kb74WL9L9a?mode=ems_copy_t CHAPTERS00:00 Opening and Sponsorship Announcements01:17 Shlomo Hamelech and Mastery of Tazria/Metzora03:29 Why the Torah Calls the Afflicted ‘Adam’06:58 Disappointment Leads to Anger and Lashon Hara08:51 Isolation and Hitbodedut as the Remedy12:40 The Skin Metaphor and the Meaning of Tzaraat20:42 Final Blessing: Softening Our Hardened Skins

There are stories in the Torah we think we understand… until we slow down and actually listen. Nadav and Avihu are usually taught as a warning—two sons who did something wrong and paid the price. But what if that’s not the real story? In this shiur on Parshat Shemini, Rav Shlomo Katz and the chevra of Shirat David go deeper into one of the most misunderstood moments in the Torah and uncover what they were באמת afraid of. What happens when serving Hashem becomes something we only do because we “have to”?  What happens when obligation replaces desire? Nadav and Avihu saw a future where Yiddishkeit could become mechanical… where the fire is still there, but it’s no longer alive inside of us. And they couldn’t accept that. This isn’t about justifying what they did. It’s about understanding the נקודה they revealed and what it demands from us today. Because the question isn’t just what they did wrong. It’s whether we’re living the kind of Yiddishkeit they were afraid of.----------For more Shuirim and Music from Rav Shlomo Katz, visit: https://ravshlomokatz.comJoin Rav Shlomo Katz's WhatsApp Community: https://chat.whatsapp.com/KHKOhhPaeHx5Kb74WL9L9a?mode=ems_copy_t CHAPTERS00:00 Opening greetings and sponsor acknowledgment01:50 Gilgulim connection: Eliyahu, Pinchas and the bris story04:50 Deeper meaning of Tzelafchad’s punishment06:51 Multiple reasons offered for their fall07:52 Repeated verse “כאשר צוה השם את משה” analysis13:00 Halachic discussion on hitting children16:33 Kotzker vort on lo tirtzach and the value of life24:38 When God Becomes a Dead Idol29:34 Nadav and Avihu’s Fear of Compulsory Worship31:31 Mishkan Built from Command and Love35:34 Rav Shlomo's Trip to Albany: Balancing Desire and Duty

As Parshat Vayikra opens the world of korbanot, Rav Shlomo Katz and the chevra of Shirat David uncover a deeper truth from the Even Shlomo: the purpose of a korban was never only to express guilt. It was to bring a person back to clarity — to help them leave the Beit HaMikdash knowing more deeply what truly matters, what doesn’t, and who they really are. In this shiur, Rav Shlomo explores the inner meaning of charatah — regret — not as self-hatred, but as a revelation: this is not the real me. Drawing on Chazal, the Baal Shem Tov, and Reb Shlomo Carlebach, he explains how true teshuvah is not just feeling bad about what was done, but discovering that the sin never reflected the deepest רצון of the soul in the first place. From wartime clarity and the question of what is truly essential, to a haunting story from Berlin, the Titanic, and the hidden purpose of Levi’im singing in the Beit HaMikdash, this episode becomes a meditation on desire itself: not only what we don’t want, but what we do want — and how Vayikra helps us remember.----------For more Shuirim and Music from Rav Shlomo Katz, visit: https://ravshlomokatz.comJoin Rav Shlomo Katz's WhatsApp Community: https://chat.whatsapp.com/KHKOhhPaeHx5Kb74WL9L9a?mode=ems_copy_t CHAPTERS00:00 Opening Niggun: Divine Presence Fills and Sustains the World10:21 Introducing Today’s Special Shiur on Parshat Vayikra11:36 The Blessing of Prioritizing What Truly Matters13:03 Inner Essence of the Korban: Clarity After the Temple15:43 Current Turmoil: Storms, Bombs, and Spiritual Discernment18:27 Regret (Charatah) When Offering a Sacrifice25:45 Radomsk Chasid’s Tragic Tale in Berlin28:09 Existential Question: Who Are We Really?30:03 Baal Shem Tov on Regret and the Heart32:40 Scar Metaphor and Personal Reflection34:01 Family Neglect on the Titanic36:41 Reb Shlomo on Awakening and Desire38:59 Korban Discussion in Masechet Taanit44:49 Levi Music and Holy Nigunim Purpose46:41 Donald Trump & Achashverosh49:03 Closing Announcements and Shabbat Plans

As the war with Iran widens, Rav Shlomo Katz turns to one word in Parshat Ki Tisa that may define this moment more than any other: Ayeh — Where? Recent days have brought more Israeli strikes, Iranian missile attacks, and a growing sense that the conflict is both militarily real and spiritually overwhelming. In this shiur, Rav Shlomo explores Moshe Rabbeinu’s cry after the Golden Calf — “Har’eini na et kevodecha” — and the deeper avodah of “Ayeh mekom kevodo.” Drawing on Reb Shlomo Carlebach and Rebbe Nachman, he explains how the deepest question of faith is not pretending everything is clear, but daring to ask Hashem, from within the confusion, “Where is the place of Your glory?” From the aftermath of the Eigel HaZahav, to the hiddenness before Mashiach, to the spiritual danger of “smart” voices that speak falsehood in the name of truth, this episode is a call to stay focused, remain vulnerable, and turn confusion itself into a מקום כבודו — a place where Hashem’s presence can be revealed.----------For more Shuirim and Music from Rav Shlomo Katz, visit: https://ravshlomokatz.comJoin Rav Shlomo Katz's WhatsApp Community: https://chat.whatsapp.com/KHKOhhPaeHx5Kb74WL9L9a?mode=ems_copy_t CHAPTERS00:00 Opening Niggun and Prayer Invitation04:37 Favorite Davening Words and Staying Focused06:41 Introducing the Key Word Aye m'kom kevodo09:50 Moshe’s Monologue Bringing Down Rachamim12:32 Golden Calf, Mishkan, and Chronology Debate15:59 Divine Hiddenness Before Mashiach18:26 Future Intellectuals and the Call to Aye26:57 Finding Hashem's Honor in Our Relationship28:23 The World as a Spiritual Desert30:13 Is the Desert Journey Lechatchila or Bediavad?31:30 The Snake's Role in Humanity's Questioning32:39 Simple Faith vs. Tested Faith35:18 Ki Tisa: Begging Hashem’s Presence37:59 Final Encouragement to the Community