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The Declaration of Independence is 250 years old, but it refuses to sit quietly on a shelf. We end Civics in a Year by asking one question that cuts through politics and posture: what does the Declaration mean 250 years later, and what does it require from us right now? We start with ASU President Michael Crow, who argues that the United States is still early in a long, messy democratic story. His “second inning” metaphor reframes the semi-quincentennial as a marker, not a finish line, and it pushes us to think in decades, not news cycles. We talk about equality as equal chance, the ongoing fight over resources and access, and why civic education and the right to learn belong at the center of a healthy constitutional democracy. Then Dr. Paul Carrese takes us back into the text itself and challenges us to read beyond the famous opening lines. The closing pledge “our lives, our fortunes, and our sacred honor” becomes a personal standard for citizenship, not a dramatic flourish. Finally, students from ASU’s Civic Leadership Institute bring the Declaration into the present with unfiltered honesty, debating virtue, natural rights, inequality, consent of the governed, and the fear of tyranny. If you care about American history, civic learning, and what self-government actually demands, hit play. Subscribe, share this with a friend, and leave a review with the line from the Declaration that you think we ignore most. Check Out the Civic Literacy Curriculum! School of Civic and Economic Thought and Leadership Center for American Civics

Jefferson wrote his own epitaph, and the choice still startles: “Father of the University of Virginia” makes the cut, while “President of the United States” does not. That single detail opens a window into how seriously Jefferson took education, not as résumé polish, but as the infrastructure of self-government. We follow the long road from early dreams of a national university to the state-level strategy that finally produces UVA in Charlottesville, with Jefferson politicking, drafting plans, and obsessing over everything from faculty slots to building materials. Along the way, we spotlight James Madison’s role as the indispensable partner. Madison helps shepherd key ideas through the realities of legislatures, public opinion, and constitutional limits, often serving as Jefferson’s pragmatic sounding board. The result is a founding vision that looks more like a broad liberal arts curriculum than a modern research university, built to train “statesmen, legislators, and judges” and to cultivate a shared baseline of constitutional principles before partisan fights begin. We also dig into one of the most consequential design choices: Jefferson’s insistence on a secular public university. No divinity professorship, no official religious dominance, and a theory of church-state separation shaped by Virginia’s disestablishment battles and Madison’s arguments about protecting religion from government power. If you care about civic education, constitutional culture, or the roots of American higher education, this conversation ties the architectural details to the political philosophy underneath. Subscribe for more, share this with a friend who loves early American history, and leave a review with your take: can civic education still create common ground today? Check Out the Civic Literacy Curriculum! School of Civic and Economic Thought and Leadership Center for American Civics

George Washington sits at the center of American civic memory, but the hardest truths about him often sit at the edges of what we’re taught. We talk with Dr. Paul Carrese about Washington as an owner of enslaved people and the complicated story behind his decision to free those he legally could through his 1799 will. It’s a conversation that doesn’t look away from the moral contradiction at the founding, and it also refuses to flatten history into easy heroes or easy villains. We trace what Washington seems to understand as early as the imperial crisis: that demanding liberty while holding people in bondage is an injustice that undermines the nation’s claims. Dr. Carrese explains why slavery is politically untouchable during Washington’s presidency, how the Northwest Ordinance draws a boundary around expansion, and why Washington turns to a private act of statesmanship instead. We also dig into the real-world mechanics of manumission at Mount Vernon: family separation risks, Virginia legal constraints, the Custis estate’s ownership, and the costly commitment to support people after emancipation. From there, we zoom out to the civic lesson. If even well-educated Americans rarely hear this story, what does that say about how slavery shaped political culture and historical memory? Dr. Carrese offers two tools for listeners who care about American democracy and civic education: civic humility and reflective patriotism, the Tocqueville-inspired idea that love of country should include honest debate about its failures and its progress. If this changed how you think about George Washington, share the episode with a friend, subscribe for more American history and civics, and leave a review so more listeners can find the show. What part of the story do you think schools should teach more directly? Check Out the Civic Literacy Curriculum! School of Civic and Economic Thought and Leadership Center for American Civics

He signed all four major American revolutionary documents, helped craft the constitutional structure we still argue about, and yet most people can’t tell you a single detail about him. We’re talking about Roger Sherman, the “forgotten founder that shouldn’t be forgotten,” and we’re making a serious case for bumping him into the Founders’ top tier based on impact, not celebrity.  We walk through Sherman’s improbable rise from shoemaker to self-taught lawyer to one of Connecticut’s most important judges, then trace why he keeps landing at the center of the founding era: the Continental Congress, the Declaration’s drafting committee, the Articles of Confederation, and the Constitutional Convention. Along the way, we unpack why he’s so easy to miss in modern history telling: he’s not a clean writer, not a magnetic speaker, deeply pious, and he dies in 1793 before later political battles make other founders famous.  The heart of the conversation is constitutional design. Sherman fights to preserve limited and enumerated powers, helps drive the Connecticut Compromise, and wins key federalism battles against broader national “plenary” power. We also dig into his skepticism of executive power, his concern about war-making authority, and his surprising role in the Bill of Rights debate, including why he insists amendments go at the end and how he helps shape the 10th Amendment. If you care about federalism, states’ rights, checks and balances, and what the Constitution actually means, this one will sharpen your view.  Subscribe for more deep dives, share this episode with a fellow civics nerd, and leave a review telling us whether Roger Sherman belongs on the Founders’ A team. Check Out the Civic Literacy Curriculum! School of Civic and Economic Thought and Leadership Center for American Civics

Hamilton is easy to caricature: the brilliant operator, the relentless Federalist, the guy who never stops pushing. But the closer you look, the more the story bends toward something unexpected: a late-in-life moral awakening shaped by pride, collapse, and a real confrontation with faith. We sit down with Dr. Beienberg to follow Hamilton’s religious trajectory from early piety to a long stretch of indifference, then to a period in which he uses Christian language as a blunt political instrument against Jefferson and the Democratic-Republicans.  Along the way, we dig into the sharp irony historians highlight: the years when “religious slogans” are most on Hamilton’s lips may be the years when he is furthest from God. We talk through the 1800 election, Hamilton’s attempts to maneuver power behind the scenes, and the humiliations that strip away his sense of control. Then the conversation turns personal: the Reynolds affair, the loss of his son in a duel, his daughter’s breakdown, and how grief and disgrace can crack open a person who once seemed untouchable.  What follows is a different Hamilton: reading the Bible, seeking mercy, trying to do right even by political enemies, and wrestling with the idea that politics cannot be an idol. The final moment is the duel with Aaron Burr and Hamilton’s choice not to take a life because he believes it would be unchristian, followed by his urgent request for communion as he’s dying. If you care about Alexander Hamilton, American history, or the role of religion in public life, this one reframes the legend as more human and instructive.  Subscribe for more conversations like this, share the episode with a history-loving friend, and leave a review so more listeners can find the show. Check Out the Civic Literacy Curriculum! School of Civic and Economic Thought and Leadership Center for American Civics

John Adams has a branding problem. If your mental picture comes from a musical, a miniseries, or the vague sense that he “wanted to be king,” we put that claim on trial by reading his work where it matters most: the Massachusetts Constitution of 1780, the oldest functioning written constitution and a direct ancestor of the U.S. Constitution. We’re joined by Dr. Beienberg to trace what Adams actually argues for and why the rest of the founding generation quietly treats Massachusetts as the model. We dig into the Declaration of Rights and the tradeoffs baked into the final text: stronger protections against unreasonable searches and seizures, puzzling omissions like a dropped free speech clause, and a right to arms that lands weaker than you might expect. Then we move under the hood to Adams’s signature contribution to American government: separation of powers. Two legislative chambers, an independently elected governor, an empowered judiciary, and procedural rules that get “copied and pasted” into federal practice all show how constitutional structure can restrain ambition and channel conflict. We also take on the parts that make modern readers squirm and the parts that should stop you cold. One line about being “born free and equal” helps end slavery in Massachusetts, while other sections assume state support for religion is necessary for civic virtue and a stable republic. Finally, we connect Adams’s fears about oligarchy, money in politics, and moral formation to questions we still argue about today. If this changed how you see John Adams, subscribe, share the episode with a fellow history nerd, and leave a review. What’s one Adams idea you think the U.S. still needs? Check Out the Civic Literacy Curriculum! School of Civic and Economic Thought and Leadership Center for American Civics

Pennsylvania tried something in 1776 that still tempts us today: push democracy to the front of the line and assume the people will keep government honest. With Dr. Beienberg, we walk through the Pennsylvania Constitution of 1776 and Benjamin Franklin’s surprisingly central role in a state charter that deserves way more attention in any conversation about the American founding, state constitutions, and the roots of U.S. constitutional law. We break down what Pennsylvania gets right, especially its sweeping Declaration of Rights. You’ll hear why its protections for speech, jury trials, criminal procedure, and limits on searches and seizures become so influential across the early states. We also talk through religious liberty as the founders framed it, plus early constitutional commitments that feel strikingly modern, like support for public education and constraints on debtors’ prisons. Then we turn to the part that made Pennsylvania a punching bag for the 1787 Constitutional Convention. Annual elections, a legislature with huge power, a weak executive, and weak courts add up to a system that Madison, Wilson, and the Federalist Papers repeatedly treat as a “do not copy” model. We unpack the logic Pennsylvanians believed in, including transparency and voter oversight, and why it often fails in practice without durable checks and balances and real separation of powers. We close with the Council of Censors, Pennsylvania’s later 1790 rewrite, and a quick detour into why Pennsylvania is called a “Commonwealth.” If you like constitutional history with real stakes for how we argue about democracy today, subscribe, share this with a friend, and leave a review with your biggest takeaway. Check Out the Civic Literacy Curriculum! School of Civic and Economic Thought and Leadership Center for American Civics

A republic doesn’t collapse all at once. It frays in public, and it frays in private, through shortcuts that feel justified, norms that stop being enforced, and citizens who decide it’s safer to sit things out. That’s why we end our Lore of the Founding series with Cicero: Rome’s sharpest talker, a brilliant lawyer, and a painfully human political figure who tried to hold the Roman Republic together while it was coming apart. We talk with Joanna Kenty about why Cicero mattered so much to the American founding, especially to John Adams. From courtroom speeches that became the backbone of rhetoric education to the personal letters that reveal doubt, ego, and fear, Cicero shows how public service really works when the stakes are high. We unpack his exile after the Catiline conspiracy, what he saw as Senate authority weakened and corruption spread, and why he turned to philosophy when politics became a maze. The centerpiece is On Duties, where Cicero argues we are not born for ourselves alone and that justice requires an active life of civic engagement. We connect that to the Founders’ habit of turning reading into action and to Adams’s post-presidency shift into local involvement and public-minded correspondence. If you’ve ever wondered what “duty” means when politics is exhausting, polarized, or disappointing, this conversation is for you. Subscribe for more civic history with teeth, share this with a friend who cares about citizenship, and leave a review with the most challenging idea you heard. Check Out the Civic Literacy Curriculum! School of Civic and Economic Thought and Leadership Center for American Civics

One Roman name keeps popping up wherever people argue about freedom, tyranny, and what a citizen owes a republic: Cato. We follow Cato the Younger from the final days of the Roman Republic, when Julius Caesar’s rise forces a brutal choice between compromise and principle. Cato’s answer is extreme and unforgettable, and it raises the same question that keeps resurfacing in American politics: what does “republican virtue” actually demand from us? From there, we trace how Stoicism shapes Cato’s public image. We talk about the Stoic ideal of the perfectly virtuous person, why Cato becomes known as the rare politician who cannot be bribed, and how integrity can create influence even when it costs you power. Then the story turns to the chaos after Caesar’s assassination: Mark Antony’s survival, the funeral speech that whips the crowd into a riot, and Cicero’s attempt to defend liberty with words through the blistering Philippics, echoing Demosthenes’ warnings from ancient Athens. Finally, we connect Rome to the American founding through Joseph Addison’s 1712 play Cato: A Tragedy, the Valley Forge performance that helped steel Revolutionary resolve, and the surprisingly messy origins of “Give me liberty or give me death.” We end where civics always ends, with us: can a republic survive without virtuous citizens, and what does civic virtue look like when you’re not living through a revolution? If you enjoyed this, subscribe, share with a friend who loves history and politics, and leave a review with your take on what virtue means today. Check Out the Civic Literacy Curriculum! School of Civic and Economic Thought and Leadership Center for American Civics

A republic can look stable right up until the moment it isn’t. We sit down with Joanna Kenti to trace how Julius Caesar rises through Roman politics, builds personal loyalty through war, and finally dares the republic to stop him. Along the way, we unpack the real-world pressures behind the legend: dispossessed farmers, bitter factional conflict, escalating political violence, and the way “temporary” exceptions to the rules start to feel normal. We walk through the First Triumvirate, the Gallic Wars, and why Caesar’s own storytelling mattered almost as much as his battlefield success. Then comes the hinge of history: the Rubicon boundary, the civil war with Pompey, and the eerie tension of Caesar’s pardons, his expanding authority, and the public fear of a crown. The Ides of March lands not as a neat ending, but as proof that killing one man doesn’t automatically restore a broken constitutional order. Finally, we connect Rome directly to the US founding. Hamilton reads Caesar as the demagogue who weaponizes “zeal for the rights of the people,” while Anti Federalists writing as Brutus and Cato fear a presidency that attracts ambitious schemers and turns elections into a formality. If you’ve ever wondered why executive power, checks and balances, the Bill of Rights, and even phrases like “Sik Semper Tyrannis” carry such weight in American political culture, this story is a big part of the reason. Subscribe for the next chapter of the series, share this with a friend who loves history and politics, and leave a review. What do you think is the bigger threat to a republic: unchecked ambition or everyone else looking away? Check Out the Civic Literacy Curriculum! School of Civic and Economic Thought and Leadership Center for American Civics

A king gets exiled, a republic gets born, and the story is so brutal it still shapes how people talk about tyranny today. We dig into Rome’s founding legend with Joanna Kenty, starting with the Roman monarchy, the reign of Tarquin the Proud, and the moment one crime becomes the final straw that makes Romans swear off kings forever. It’s not clean hero worship. It’s a reminder that unchecked power can turn private violence into a public crisis, and that “freedom” sometimes begins as a vow made in anger and grief.  From there, we follow the thread straight into the American founding. You’ll hear why Thomas Paine insists “the law ought to be king,” how the Declaration of Independence frames King George III as a tyrant through a “long train of abuses,” and why revolution is presented as a last resort rather than a casual choice. If you’ve ever wondered why early American political writing sounds so obsessed with monarchy, Rome is a big part of the answer.  We also break down what the Roman Republic actually looks like: res publica as the commonwealth, a powerful senate, elected magistrates, two consuls with short terms, and a voting system shaped by wealth and class. That opens up the real debate behind “republic vs democracy,” why many founders distrust direct democracy, and why “an empire of laws and not of men” becomes the ideal. If you like civics, history, and the origins of checks and balances, hit subscribe, share this with a friend, and leave a review with your biggest question about Rome’s influence on the United States. Check Out the Civic Literacy Curriculum! School of Civic and Economic Thought and Leadership Center for American Civics

A republic doesn’t fail only because of enemies at the gates. It can fail because someone inside decides the rules are for other people. That’s the tension we wrestle with as we explore checks and balances, starting with the Federalist 51 idea that still cuts through every civics debate: human beings are not angels, so a government must be designed to control itself. We tell two Roman Republic stories that make the stakes feel real. Coriolanus shows what happens when pride, class conflict, and wounded ego turn public office into a personal grudge match. Cincinnatus shows the opposite: a leader granted near-kingly emergency power who uses it quickly, then gives it back without being forced. That legend becomes a major American reference point, especially in the way people compare Cincinnatus to George Washington stepping away after war and after the presidency. Then we zoom out with Polybius, the historian who argues that Rome survives Hannibal and Carthage because its mixed constitution ties monarchy-like leadership, aristocratic deliberation, and democratic accountability together so no single part can run wild for long. We also take on the fear behind the theory: anacyclosis, the cycle that can drag aristocracy into oligarchy and democracy into mob rule. From there, we connect Rome’s model to the US separation of powers, the bicameral legislature, the original design of the Senate, the 17th Amendment, and the founders’ ongoing argument about natural aristocracy versus artificial aristocracy. If you’ve ever wondered whether power can truly be balanced or only managed through constant adjustment, this conversation gives you a clearer vocabulary and better stories to think with. Subscribe for more, share this with a friend who loves history and civics, and leave a review with your answer: what check matters most when ambition starts to spike? Check Out the Civic Literacy Curriculum! School of Civic and Economic Thought and Leadership Center for American Civics

Juneteenth isn’t just a date; it’s a lesson about how freedom can be promised on paper and still withheld in practice. I’m joined by Clint Smith, the New York Times bestselling author of *How the Word Is Passed* and a staff writer at The Atlantic, to trace why so many Americans grew up barely hearing about Juneteenth and what changes when we finally tell the story plainly. We walk through the history that made Juneteenth necessary: the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863, the end of the Civil War in 1865, and the reality that enslaved people in Texas often did not learn they were free until Union troops arrived in Galveston on June 19, 1865. Clint explains how this wasn’t simply a communication delay. In many cases, freedom was deliberately kept quiet so enslavers could keep extracting labor, a detail that reshapes how we think about emancipation, historical memory, and the ongoing fight to teach accurate Black history. From there, we dig into “reflective patriotism” and Clint’s idea of America as “both and” a country capable of remarkable opportunity and profound injustice. Juneteenth holds that tension: celebration for liberation and mourning for the lives consumed by slavery and by delayed freedom. We also talk about what it looks like to commemorate Juneteenth beyond a single day, how to resist turning it into a product, and where to start learning, including Annette Gordon-Reed’s work and accessible resources like Crash Course Black American History. If you care about civic education, American history, and the power of honest storytelling, listen through and share this conversation with someone you want to learn alongside. Subscribe, leave a review, and tell us: what should Juneteenth ask of all of us today? Check Out the Civic Literacy Curriculum! School of Civic and Economic Thought and Leadership Center for American Civics

America’s founding didn’t spring from a blank page. It grew out of a loud, messy argument that had been running for centuries about how people should govern themselves, and Joanna Kenty helps us follow that argument back to its classical roots. We talk with Joanna, a former classics professor and civic education writer, about what “classical history” actually means beyond “great books.” She maps the Greek and Latin-speaking Mediterranean world, the timelines most people mean when they say “the classics,” and why certain authors like Plato, Sophocles, Cicero, and Virgil still feel provocative thousands of years later. From there, we zoom in on 18th-century America, where Latin study and Greco-Roman references were common, visible in mottos, coins, and a culture that constantly borrowed symbols like Liberty and Columbia to explain what the new republic hoped to become. Then we dig into the founders’ political education: why Athens mattered as an early democracy, why it also terrified later thinkers, and why the Roman Republic often became the more practical model for stability, offices, and restraint. Joanna also explains the historical accident that shaped the curriculum for generations: the West kept Latin while Greek became harder to access until the Renaissance. Along the way, we point teachers and curious readers to foundational sources, including John Adams’s love of Cicero, and we connect ideas to physical space through Jefferson’s neoclassical architecture at Monticello and the University of Virginia. If you care about the US Constitution, civic education, the Federalist Papers, or why Washington, DC looks the way it does, this conversation gives you a clearer origin story. Subscribe for the rest of the series, share this with a history-loving friend, and leave a review with your take: which ancient lesson feels most urgent right now? Subscribe to the Renovator. Check Out the Civic Literacy Curriculum! School of Civic and Economic Thought and Leadership Center for American Civics

The Constitution draws a bright line that most of us never hear clearly: Congress declares war, and the President commands the military. So why does modern American conflict so often start without a formal declaration, and why does the “commander in chief” argument keep winning in practice? We sit down with Dr. Sean Beienberg to unpack the War Powers Act, also known as the War Powers Resolution of 1973, and the long tug-of-war over constitutional war powers. We connect the founding debates in Federalist 69, Pacificus, and Helvidius to the Civil War-era Prize Cases, where the Court recognizes defensive presidential action while still rejecting the idea that one person should decide to move the nation from peace to war. From there, we track how authorizations for use of military force (AUMFs) become the modern workaround, and how Korea and Vietnam reshape expectations about what “counts” as war. The most sobering part is enforcement. Courts largely treat these fights as political questions, meaning they won’t order troops home, and Congress is left with blunt tools like funding cuts that are politically risky. We also dig into how the 2011 Office of Legal Counsel Libya memo broadens the modern theory of presidential power by narrowing what qualifies as “real war” and expanding what qualifies as a U.S. interest. The result is a War Powers framework that exists on paper, but often feels hollow in real time. If you care about separation of powers, checks and balances, and how U.S. military force gets authorized, this conversation is for you. Subscribe, share with a friend who loves civics, and leave a review with your take: should Congress reclaim the war power, or has the presidency already absorbed it? Check Out the Civic Literacy Curriculum! School of Civic and Economic Thought and Leadership Center for American Civics