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In 2012, the world’s most advanced science experiment uncovered the signature of the Higgs Boson, the so-called “God Particle” which gives particles their masses. The Higgs was the last of the Standard Model's particles to be verified experimentally. But far from closing the case, it instead opened a new frontier in physics that today embodies everything we still don’t know about nature’s smallest scales. And so in this video, we will wind back the clock more than half a century, to unravel the history and mysteries of the elusive Higgs Boson. SOUNDTRACK: - “Adega” - CO.AG Music (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V2faIhMd5GY) - “Cold Constellations” - Enzo Orefice - “No Eyes in the Fog” - Enzo Orefice - “Creepy Dolls” - Efliz - “Vanished Minds” - CO.AG Music (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YPQM8Twz5ec) - “Orbiting Dreams” - Enzo Orefice - “Sunrise” - Enzo Orefice - “Parallel Dimensions” - Enzo Orefice - “Hidden Presence” - Enzo Orefice - “I Vanish When the Sun Awakens” - CO.AG Music (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T5fLFlAI0Fw)Artists: - Enzo Orefice: https://www.music-bay.net/artists/enzo-orefice/ - CO.AG Music: https://www.youtube.com/@co.agmusic/videos CHAPTERS: 00:00: The Standard Model 01:58: The Higgs Field 04:53: The Weak Force Problem 08:12: Early Particle Colliders 12:14: The Large Hadron Collider 14:04: Detecting the Higgs Particle 18:31: Sigma Significance 20:23: Discovery in 2012 23:26: Naturalness vs. Fine Tuning 27:01: Supersymmetry 29:54: Future Colliders 32:05: Vacuum Decay

Why does the universe choose life over silence? Why has its once inanimate matter and energy come alive on planet Earth? Is it chance? Fate? Or even, by design? It is this profound question that has plagued our conscious minds since the time of our earliest ancestors, and it is going to be the topic of our video today. This video is my oldest idea, and I was planning for it as early as 2021. A massive thank you to the artist Semiquaver for composing the soundtrack that brought this vision to life. SOUNDTRACK: The soundtrack for this video was crafted by Semiquaver, an ambient music and soundscape artist who I'd been following for a while, and knew he was perfect for the job. His channel can be found here:  @semiquaver16th  , where he regularly releases new soundscapes and compositions. The full, 37 minute track will be available to listen to here: https://youtu.be/WQQhwggE6Bo CHAPTERS: 0:00: What Does It Mean? 1:55: Cosmic Fine-Tuning 7:22: The Universe is Infinite 10:45: Parallel Universes 14:47: Design Hypothesis 18:56: Cosmic Consciousness 22:02: Boltzmann Brain 25:03: We Are Alone 28:30: Theory of Everything

Can we ever turn back the clock? On Earth, Time is rigid and immovable, but in space, it's practically the opposite. Out in the cosmos, time is another dimension alongside the three of space- but unlike in 3D space, there is only one way we seem to be able to move through time. The cause of this directionality, and so-called "Arrow of Time" through the cosmos, makes up the topic of our video today- the second part in a double header on the mysterious workings of Time. SOUNDTRACK: The first and last tracks in this video were composed by Semiquaver, an ambient soundscape music artist. He and I will be working on an original piece specially for the soundtrack to my final video of the year, so go and check him out before then: @semiquaver16th  The other tracks were composed by CO.AG Music, my go-to-guy for such high quality pieces:  @co.agmusic  "Why Me?" - Semiquaver: https://youtu.be/kfp-Qm99BTY?si=ZOUiOTxLgpkHgWhd "Space is as Clear as Dreaming" - CO.AG Music: https://youtu.be/FQ42GG9ReC4?si=ceWagFlaEY3qOiuH "You Can Escape Everything in This Life Except Yourself" - CO.AG Music: https://youtu.be/O58i-jHGYVs?si=mSBKH-WITwGaLV1z "Old Tape Haunting Soundscape" - CO.AG Music: https://youtu.be/LT_APDKFEjU?si=M7h8OTIyC5QtV0Px "I Will Awaken When the Sun Sleeps" - CO.AG Music: https://youtu.be/IshEmQXBi7g?si=mzCVDnGXV28K0Tzp CHAPTERS 00:00: Welcome Back... 01:56: The Fourth Dimension 06:28: Time Dilation 11:15: Forward Time Travel 12:42: General Relativity 15:00 Backwards Time Travel 18:38: The Second Law 21:49: Reverse Entropy 23:48: Out of Time

Tick. Tock. It's a sound you probably hear several times a day. Time dominates virtually every aspect of our lives, attuned to the rigid, unflinching regularity of Hours, Minutes and Seconds. The question how did our ancient ancestors figure out these units? Who came up with the concepts of timekeeping, like Minutes and Seconds, and why are there 60 of them, and not say, 100? The answers to such questions make up the topic of our video today- the first in a two-part series on the mysterious workings of Time. Tick. Tock. It's a sound you probably hear several times a day. Time dominates virtually every aspect of our lives, attuned to the rigid, unflinching regularity of Hours, Minutes and Seconds. The question how did our ancient ancestors figure out these units? Who came up with the concepts of timekeeping, like Minutes and Seconds, and why are there 60 of them, and not say, 100? The answers to such questions make up the topic of our video today- the first in a two-part series on the mysterious workings of Time. This one was both a challenge and a privilege to work on, Part 2 will be released towards the end of the month and will be... different. Join my Discord Server: https://discord.com/invite/seaMerchandise: https://the-sea-store.creator-spring.comContent Disclaimer:All the content in this video was researched, written up, narrated and then put together by me (Sam). I do this as a full time job because I enjoy it. I do not use AI for any part of my creative process, and my voice is my personal property and not authorised to be replicated anywhere else. You can support the channel on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/sea_mediaPatrons get early access to new videos and sneak peeks, as well as ad-free access to existing episodes!SOUNDTRACK (In order of appearance): “Hologram” - CO.AG Music (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uPFkyyslcb4) “Lost in the Motions of Time” - The Turquoise Moon “Do Not Enter: Horror Background” - The Turquoise Moon “Eyes of Quartz & Obsidian” - CO.AG Music (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MNULQQZJIMs) “Calm Gratitude” - The Turquoise Moon “Deep Meditation” - The Turquoise Moon “Summer Evening Soundbath” - The Turquoise Moon “An Ambient Dream” - The Turquoise Moon CO.AG Music: https://www.youtube.com/@co.agmusic CHAPTERS: 00:00: Tick Tock 02:58: Ancient Timekeeping 05:15: Timekeeping in Ancient Egypt 10:03: Maths in Mesopotamia 15:22: Pars Minuta 17:08: Mechanical Clocks 20:39: Railway Time 22:41: Greenwich Meantime 23:51: Quartz Clocks 26:18: Atomic Clocks

Aliens. They already roam this planet, but not on its surface or in the skies. Rather, they lie at the crushing depths of the vast, sprawling oceans. And so in this episode, we'll be swapping the familiar frontier of space for that of the deep ocean, as we plunge into the abyss in search of Leviathans- massive, monstrous marine specimens that have stalked the high seas for almost half a billion years. SOUNDTRACK: Many of the tracks in this video were composed by CO.AG Music, my go-to-guy for such high quality pieces "Someone Else's Problems" - CO.AG Music (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EQp7YuV-leM) "Centeon Dreams" - CO.AG Music (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B_fyyuO5ZZE) "Forbidden Apostle" - CO.AG Music (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DB9ybYQoKu4) "The Anunnaki Return" - Jesse Gallagher (YouTube Audio Library) "Choose Your Next Move" - CO.AG Music (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=abm56ceJi6Y) "Ocean Breath" - Enzo Orefice (StoryBlocks Media) "Echoes of the Unknown" - CO.AG Music (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ir8r9k0L0HA) CHAPTERS: 00:00: Aliens of the Deep 01:36: Leviathan Sea Serpents 06:04: Megalodon: The Megatooth Shark 09:32: Marine Reptiles 13:07: Prehistoric Whales 17:55: The Blue Whale: Largest Creature Ever 21:07: The Bloop: Larger than a Blue Whale? 23:46: Invertebrate Deep Sea Giants 28:12: Siphonophores

On the dark, secluded underside of our planet, we find its most alien continent, Antarctica. A frozen desert larger than Europe, lying atop a sheet containing more than 90% of the world’s ice. But buried beneath this frosty surface, lie fossils and relics from an age where Antarctica was wildly different- covered not by ice, but by forests of trees. SOUNDTRACK: "Black Star" - Lustmord Song: https://lustmord.bandcamp.com/track/black-star Artist: https://lustmord.bandcamp.com “Frozen in Darkness, the Shadowed Halls Underscore” - CO.AG ‘Futuristic Alien Videogame Music” - StoryBlocks Media “Incredulity” by Scott Buckley (Creative Commons 4.0 International License): Song: https://www.scottbuckley.com.au/library/incredulity/ Artist: https://www.scottbuckley.com.au/library/ “Frozen City, Mysterious Fantasy Orchestra” - StoryBlocks Media “If you love me” - CO.AG Musichttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jq1FJ_S73tg “This Machine Managed to Trick Time” - CO.AG Musichttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AxQtQJ8wiyQ “Delay Time” - CO.AG Musichttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2JVunbxm1MI “Mysterious Darkness, Reveal Fear” - StoryBlocks MediaCHAPTERS: 00:00: The Seventh Continent 03:48: The Southern Ocean 05:55: The Great Ice Sheet 07:14: West Antarctica 09:21: East Antarctica 11:52: Gondwana: Antarctica’s Past 15:38: Ross Island 16:44: Race to the South Pole 19:34: Little America Bases 21:37: McMurdo Station 23:53: Alien Environments in Antarctica 28:36: The Doomsday Glacier

Long ago, the Earth's seven continents were assembled in a giant, sprawling supercontinent known as Pangea. You may've heard of it, but what is often less talked about is what came before. Our planet's current continental chunks have been smashing together and separating for over four billion years, and there have been more than a few "supercontinents" during that time. It is those lost lands that take the stage in this video, as we wind the clock back to the age of the Supercontinents before Pangea. BACKGROUND MUSIC: (In order of appearance) - Meanwhile | Scott Buckley: https://www.scottbuckley.com.au/library/meanwhile/ - Ambient Cave | Storyblocks - Everyone Parts with Everything Eventually | CO.AG Music: https://youtu.be/obyY4n352to?si=eY6KSlBPlWEXcRH8 - Dream a Silent Journey | Storyblocks - Ambient Strings and Solo Cello for Meditation | Storyblocks - Lost in Place | Storyblocks - Time Drift | CO.AG Music: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4tQiFbOhHBY&t - The Disappearance | CO.AG Music: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MLjXuckODT8 - Lost at Sea | Storyblocks - Ascension | Storyblocks CO.AG Music's Channel: https://www.youtube.com/@co.agmusic Scott Buckley’s track can be found on his website – released under CC-BY 4.0. www.scottbuckley.com.au CHAPTERS: 00:00: The Supercontinent Cycle 02:53: Plate Tectonics & Forming Land 05:57: Cratons 08:35: Vaalbara 10:48: Ur 14:03: Kenorland 17:52: Arctica / Atlantica / Nena 20:46: Columbia (a.k.a. "Nuna") 23:35: Rodinia 29:05: Gondwana / Laurasia 31:22: Pangea 34:13: Pangea Proxima?

As rich and life-supporting as the Earth is today, it was once nothing more than a column of dust, dancing in a scorched cyclone of gas. And just how we as humans managed to emerge from this ancient dust makes up the topic of this video today. So join us, as we wind the cosmic clock backwards almost five billion years, from you and I in the present, all the way back to the birth of the solar System, back to when Earth was nothing more than a burning, barren wasteland. SOUNDTRACK: The music in this video was created by Scott Buckley and CO.AG Music, their respective tracks are listed below: Scott Buckley Creative Commons Music: https://www.scottbuckley.com.au/library/ - Undertow: https://www.scottbuckley.com.au/library/undertow/ - Moonlight: https://www.scottbuckley.com.au/library/moonlight/ - Machina: https://www.scottbuckley.com.au/library/?s=machina - This Too Shall Pass: https://www.scottbuckley.com.au/library/this-too-shall-pass/ - Celestial: https://www.scottbuckley.com.au/library/celestial/ - She Moved Mountains: https://www.scottbuckley.com.au/library/she-moved-mountains/ CO.AG Music: https://www.youtube.com/@co.agmusic1823 - Lufian Sky (CO.AG): https://youtu.be/LLmuc12sS7g - Dim Light Documentary Music (CO.AG): https://youtu.be/DKV7Lfda2NM - Lost Time Edit Mix (CO.AG): https://youtu.be/18R8o8J7GMU - Dream That Summer Dream (CO.AG): https://youtu.be/5jARlSfkVv4 - Another Time, Another Space, Another Place (CO.AG): https://youtu.be/kABg8lGVo28 CHAPTERS: 00:00: Welcome 01:36: Formation of Earth 05:41: Hydrothermal Vents 07:57: The First Lifeforms 10:24: Great Oxidation Event 13:21: Eukaryotes 14:52: Multicellular Lifeforms 19:06: Early Cambrian Creatures 21:21: The Age of Fish 24:54: The First Amphibians 27:24: Pangaea: The Supercontinent 30:40: The Great Die-Off 33:38: The Rule of Dinosaurs 36:16: The Asteroid Extinction 39:10: First Humans 42:09: Closing Statements

Do we live in a cosmic void? It might sound like an odd question, but it’s something scientists have debated for decades. Does the Milky Way exist in a region of low cosmic density which is warping our view of the local universe as a result? The answer goes far deeper than you probably realise- and it’s just one of the many perplexing mysteries we’ll be diving into during this video, where voids and supervoids take centre stage. SOUNDTRACK: The music tracks in this video were composed by Enzo Orefice, a royalty-free music creator. In order of appearance they are: - “Psyconaut” - “Submerged In Silence” - “Borealis Glow” - “Timeless Flow” - “Void Waves” - “Stellar Winds” Artist: https://www.music-bay.net/artists/enzo-orefice/ CHAPTERS: 00:00: You Live in a Supervoid 05:55: The Local Void 09:22: Boötes Void 12:06: The Dipole Repeller 15:54: The Mystery of the Cold Spot 23:12: Evolving Dark Energy 28:51: Future Efforts to Study Voids

Lying at the cores of most large galaxies, do we find the “largest” type of object in the universe- a supermassive “engine” black hole. They almost always have masses many millions of times that of the sun, while the biggest grow to tens of billions. Exactly what was responsible for seeding these great engines, and building up their immense sizes, is a challenge only the James Webb Telescope can rise to. MUSIC: The majority of tracks in this video are royalty-free tracks from Storyblocks. Exceptions are listed. - The Second One | Enzo Orefice - Falling | Elfiz - Haunting Atmospheric Si-Fi Sounds… | Gerardo Garcia Jr - Meditation Vibes | Sleeping Ghost - Voice | Elfiz - Incarnation | Scott Buckley Scott Buckley’s track can be found on his website: https://www.scottbuckley.com.au/2024/10/new-library-track-incantation/ CHAPTERS: 00:00: The Most Massive Objects 01:48: The Cosmic Dawn 05:33: Primordial Black Holes 07:02: Direct Collapse 09:07: Distant Supermassive Black Holes 13:35: Webb Telescope’s Findings 16:34: The Biggest Black Holes 21:31: The Distant Future 23:12: The End of the Universe 25:13: Hawking Radiation 28:22: Exploding Black Holes!

Laced within the cold, desolate swathes of the space between stars, lie myriad orphaned planets not tethered to a particular system. They are lost worlds floating in the dark, and there are likely tens of billions in the Milky Way galaxy alone. Today, we will journey through the galaxy in search of these lost worlds in the darkness of interstellar space, and sometimes even, intergalactic space. SOUNDTRACK (In order of appearance): - Guided Meditation | Jon Presstone - A Creepy Atmospheric | Unknown, Storyblocks Media - Alkaidia Obscured Calls | Bzur - Curve | CO.AG Music (https://youtu.be/3uYCzfzmh68?si=3fRFV9NNxM7y6V3y) - Crystal Ray (Cinematic Ambient) | Park Randoux - Ethereal Light Waves | Jon Presstone - Transcendent Bliss | Jon Presstone - The Slow Passage of Time | Jon Presstone - A New Galaxy | Jayson Wayne Brown CO.AG Music's Channel: https://www.youtube.com/@co.agmusic CHAPTERS: 00:00: In the Space Between Stars… 02:00: Rogue Planets 07:19: Failed Stars 09:26: James Webb Telescope’s JUMBO Discovery 13:31: Sedna 16:05: ETNOs 19:07: Planet 9? 22:22: How was Planet 9 Lost? 25:30: The Ongoing Search for Planet 9 28:23: A New Candidate?

The universe as we experience it is rendered by myriad physical processes and interactions, but they all can be boiled down to one of four fundamental forces of nature. Gravity is one of these fundamental interactions, while the visible light we observe makes up part of another. And by understanding all four, we can gage comprehensive insights into our reality, from its tiniest particles to its largest galaxies. SOUNDTRACK: - Lavender | CO.AG Music (https://youtu.be/9CI7_qZay8g?si=RmeHPTy7QCgMvz3W) - Dark Undertones | CO.AG Music (https://youtu.be/nk6UosTVZZ8?si=OmDZIatdv5k_oDqK) - Haunted Cave | Efliz (Storyblocks Media) - Lucid | Michael Vignola (Storyblocks Media) - Abandoned Town | Efliz (Storyblocks Media) - Awareness Fades First Movent | CO.AG Music (https://youtu.be/NIh86kMK91U?si=Oqv7RsxupKDtrFQo) - Deep Meditation | Giuseppe Rizzo (Storyblocks Media) - Dreaming Blue | Sextile (YouTube Audio Library) - Her Eyes Just Shine | Humans Win (Storyblocks) Check out CO.AG's Channel: https://www.youtube.com/@co.agmusic CHAPTERS: 00:00: Four Fundamental Forces 03:14: The Nature of Gravity 07:06: The Grand Unified Force 10:37: Electroweak Epoch 13:06: The Strong Force 16:38: The Weak Force 19:27: Neutrinos & the Lepton Epoch 23:51: Let There Be Light 28:28: The Radio Spectrum 30:55: Optical Wavelengths 36:30: Ionizing Radiation 40:33: The End

What is the Sound of Space? The idea that it is a silent vacuum, completely devoid of any noise, is somewhat a misconception. And though sound as humans hear it can't travel in space, there are several way in which we can extract the anthems of the cosmos. And in this video, we'll be doing just that, as we embark on a journey of Sound in Space. SOUNDTRACK: - Uranus Sounds: https://youtu.be/yXfJG1gs3b4?si=zbgOABUBuLOtufgO - The Neptune Sounds: https://youtu.be/rwnpXll_A_E?si=sxZqKfccykjGixWZ - Jupiter Sounds (So Strange): https://youtu.be/e3fqE01YYWs?si=hIYAcZF1U7mRMMpY - Saturn: https://youtu.be/eVfkW9oxhIk?si=1w8tIgRNir342LvF - "Carpe Diem" - CO.AG Music: https://youtu.be/iuMBV3j55-I?si=gGwaRE5Hsgxm40rU - "Scrooge Ice Mix" - CO.AG Music: https://youtu.be/C9jFL_6raL8?si=kKR-3t6i46kGJF7d CO.AG's Channel: https://www.youtube.com/@co.agmusic - "Does it Exist or Do I Have to Create It" - Chris Zabriskie (Creative Commons Licence 4.0) Link: https://chriszabriskie.bandcamp.com/track/does-it-exist-or-do-i-have-to-create-it Artist: https://www.chriszabriskie.com/ CHAPTERS: 00:00: A Journey of Sound 01:17: Sound in Science 06:14: Whistler-Mode Waves 08:51: Sound of the Sun 11:25: Sounds from Terrestrial Planets 14:38: Sounds from Giant Worlds 17:48: Voyager Sounds from Deep Space 19:36: Pulsars 21:54: Gravity Waves 25:06: Sonifications of Visual Data 31:52: The True "Sound" of the Universe

Are we living in a multiverse? If so, where are all the other universes? Scientists and philosophers have pondered these questions for centuries, as they contemplated the possibility of parallel universes. The multiverse theory is not often discussed by cosmologists, due to its speculative and untestable nature. However, there are myriad different interpretations depicting how a multiverse might manifest, some of which we may be detectable within our own universe. So buckle up, because in this video we will be leaving the galaxy entirely, as we take on the biggest question of them all- the question of whether our universe is the only one. SOUNDTRACK (In Order): 1. Cold Aegean Waters | Humans Win 2. Meditative Bliss | Humans Win 3. Wholesome Waves | Humans Win 4. Blue Aukai | Humans Win 5. Zen Garden Whispers | Humans Win 6. Mindfulness Focus Meditation Podcast | Music Media Group 7. Calming Ombre | Humans Win 8. Shadows and Dust (Scott Buckley) The track by Scott Buckley was provided via a Creative Commons Attribution licence, which allows reuse where credit is given. Scott Buckley's website and library can be found at the following link: https://www.scottbuckley.com.au CHAPTERS: 00:00: The Biggest Question of Them All 03:08: Infinite Cosmos (Level 1 Multiverse) 06:53: Cosmic Inflation 10:09: Post-Inflationary Bubbles (Level 2) 12:46: Cyclical Multiverse (Level 2) 16:45: Fecund Multiverse (Level 2) 20:27: String Theory Landscape (Level 2) 24:15: Quantum Theory 26:52: Quantum Multiverse (Level 3) 29:17: Mathematical Multiverse (Level 4) 31:24: Simulated Reality (Level 4)

In the late 1960s, a series of anomalous, repeating radio sources began cropping up all over the Milky Way galaxy, and though initially speculated to be messages from aliens, we soon learned that they are Pulsars, a rapidly rotating neutron star emitting high volumes of radiation. In this video, we will revisit these extreme, dense objects, as the final gateway faced by matter before it collapses into a black hole. This is the insane science of neutron stars. SOUNDTRACK: - Jokulls Loom (Storyblocks) - Be Here Now (Storyblocks) - Serenity (Storyblocks) - Falling Through a Dream (Storyblocks) - Sleep for Wellness (Storyblocks) - Peaceful Background Pad (Storyblocks) - Halloween in a Haunted House (Storyblocks) - Underworld (Storyblocks) - Dramatic Ambient Cinematic Music (Storyblocks) - Monomyth, The Fall (Scott Buckley): https://www.scottbuckley.com.au/library/the-fall/ - Ambient Water (Storyblocks) - The Natural Ambient (Storyblocks) The track by Scott Buckley was provided via a Creative Commons Attribution licence, which allows reuse where credit is given. Scott Buckley's website and library can be found at the following link: https://www.scottbuckley.com.au CHAPTERS: 00:00: The Crab Nebula 01:55: How is a Neutron Star Formed? 07:24: Radio Pulsars 11:18: X-Ray Binary Pulsars 13:24: Millisecond Pulsars 16:51: Magnetars 20:42: Starquakes 23:49: When Neutron Stars Collide 29:09: Quark Stars 32:23: Strange Stars 36:03: Thorne-Zytkow Objects