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This is the last recording I will make for this podcast. It is time to finally move on. I began this podcast with Episode 1 near the end of 2012 when I was in my mid 50s. Although we have been on a very long hiatus since Episode 50, I had the intention that when I retired I would either bring the podcast out of hiatus or permanently end it. As I got closer to that time, I understood that I only wanted to restart the podcast if I could put a fair bit of time and energy into it and put out frequent, quality content. Like the previous episodes, the new ones would be commercial free, audio only, go as deep as we could on our core topics, and would sometimes refer to Douglas Adams.  Now that I am retired, and things are much more real, I have decided that I am not going to do this. I won't revisit all my thinking about this, but part of it is that similar content is now widely available on multiple platforms, often accompanied by skillfully produced video. David Kipping's Cool Worlds is a good example. So, while I am not necessarily exiting podcasting forever, I am going to meet the commitment that I made to myself not to fade the Wow! Signal without notice, but to unambiguously announce the end of the podcast while expressing my deep gratitude to everyone who participated and who made the content much, much better than I could have made it by myself. I'm proud of our 50 Episodes and 34 Bursts - shorter, more focused episodes - and even the pubs I hosted and enjoyed immensely.  The podcast rss feed and the wowsignalpodcast.com domain will remain up for some time to come, but if you want to listen to any past episodes, I suggest you go to wowsignalpodcast.com and download the .mp3 files that interest you to listen to them at your convenience. I will have many of the episodes available on YouTube as well. If there is an episode you would really like a transcript of, I can probably supply one - just get in touch and I'll see what I can do. I'm going to thank everyone I can think of, and I apologize in advance if I left anyone out. I'll start with the folks who actually helped me create the podcast, and often had the idea for an episode or burst: Daniela DePaulis, Nick Nielsen, James Garrison, and Mike Mongo. I'm sorry I've been out of touch and hope we can meet up someday. Now, my many great guests. I'll list their names now. Some of them appeared more than once. There were people I never had on that I regret missing, and if you think I should have emailed you with an appearance request, you may well be right. Our first guest was Antonio Paris, founder of Aerial Phenomena Investigations. This was followed by:   Geoffrey Landis (twice) Nikola Danaylov David Grinspoon (3 times)   Seth Shostak Bing Garthright Duncan Forgan (twice), Isaac Stott, Ben Wright McGee Fraser Cain Paul Shuch Geoff Marcy + Ana Heras Daniel Cartin Nicholas Joll Heath Rezabek, Robin Hanson Steven Dick, Betul Kacar Duncan Lunan , Alan Penny Abel Mendez (twice) Bob Dixon JL Galache + Duncan Lunan Tom Barbalet Andrew Siemion   Martin Elvis Bradley Schaefer Tabetha Boyajian Stella Kafka Bradley Schaefer Douglas Vakoch (twice) Nathaniel Comfort Ben Montet   Doug Vakoch Jon Lomborg Frank White Sofia Sheikh Daniel Oberhaus Beatriz Villarroel Julia Demarines Adam Dipert Stella Kafka Paolo Costaño Wade Roush David Skogerboe Chelsea Haramia Thomas Moynihan In addition, the following people were guests on Bursts:   Mike Mongo Nora Noffke Daniel Cartin Jeff Nosanov Josh Grindlay Jason Hessels Beatriz Villarroel (twice) Tabetha Boyajian (twice) David Blank   Also, thanks to our Patreon donors and our Wow! Signal Pub participants, and Erin Carr and Joyce Abma for voiceover help.  Finally, thanks to all the musicians who let me use their music: Ahleuchatistas, Mike Griffin, DJ Spooky, Jason Robinson, Erika Lloyd, Sleep Research Facility, House Band of the Universe, George Hrab,  Eben Brooks, and many others. Well, everything ends sooner or later, and this podcast is ending now. It ran for 12 years, we had a good run, and I am happy I did it.  I hope I'll run into you in real life, or on other platforms or in other projects. I have largely curtailed my social media presence in recent years, but you can still find me on Bluesky. Hey, we may even do another pub someday. See you there?

We welcome back Professor Abel Mendez from the University of Puerto Rico to tell us about recent research into data from the Arecibo radio telescope focused on cold hydrogen clouds and a proposed natural explanation for the Big Ear Wow! Signal that we covered in depth in Episode 19. We recommend you download the draft paper so you can follow along. Links: Arecibo Wow! I: An Astrophysical Explanation for the Wow! Signal Our episode (#19) with Big Ear scientist Bob Dixon A previous appearance by Abel Mendez on this podcast. Planetary Habitability Laboratory at the University of Puerto Rico The Arecibo Radio Telescope Collapse The FAST Radio Telescope Astrophysical MASERs (microwave lasers) Harvard & Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics: Masers Population Inversion (Wikipedia) The Hydrogen 21 cm line MASERs, Interstellar and Circumstellar, Theory. Credits Host, editor, producer: Paul Carr Music: Quincas Moreira (Black Swan), George Hrab (Far), Jason Robinson Episode 50 of the Wow! Signal Podcast by Paul Carr is licensed under CC BY 4.0

Interview recorded: 11 July 2021 Released: 16 July 2021 Duration: 21 minutes, 33 seconds Beatriz Villarroel discusses her latest VASCO paper in Nature Scientific Reports, "Exploring nine simultaneously occurring transients on April 12th 1950." Links: Villarroel+ , Exploring Nine simultaneously occurring transients on April 12th 1950. Burst 19: Our Sky Now and Then (August 2016) Episode 41: The Vanishing Sources with Beatriz Villarroel (November 2019) The Vanishing & Appearing Sources during a Century of Observations project: I. USNO objects missing in modern sky surveys and follow-up observations of a "missing star The Palomar Digital Sky Survey Gran Telescopio Canarias The United States Nuclear Testing Program Credits Host and Producer: Paul Carr Music: Ahleuchatistas and Erika Lloyd

Released: 4 February 2021 Duration: 58 minutes 44 seconds Co-hosts Paul Carr and Daniela DePaulis are joined by author Thomas Moynihan. The subject is the idea of human extinction and how it evolved into our present day understand of Existential Risk. Guest Bio: I am a writer and researcher from the UK. In 2019, I completed a PhD at Oriel College on the history of human extinction. Currently, I am a visiting Research Associate in History at St Benet's College, Oxford University, and I am working for Oxford's Future of Humanity Institute with a grant from the Berkeley Existential Risk Initiative.    I am interested in the history of existential risk and of existential hope: that is, how people first came to understand the perils and promises that face us as a species. I see this as the central philosophical drama of the modern world: how we came to appreciate our position—and precarity—as intelligent beings within an otherwise seemingly silent and sterile universe.    My goal is to reveal how contemporary research into global risks can be seen as part of the wider story of our 'coming of age' as a civilisation and a species. Links: Thomas Moynihan - https://thomasmoynihan.xyz X-Risk at MIT Press: https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/x-risk Mary Shelley - The Last Man Churchill - Shall We All Commit Suicide? The Order of the Dolphin Frank Drakę: A Speculation on the Influence of Biological Immortality on SETI Natural Selection of Stellar Civilizations by the Limits of Growth The Jaws of Darkness The Ethics of METI Credits: Co-hosts: Paul Carr and Daniela De Paulis Producer: Paul Carr Music: Sun Ra and his Intergalactic Solar Arkestra, DJ Spooky

Released: 28 November 2020 Duration: 70 minutes, 39 seconds Co-hosts Paul Carr and Daniela De Paulis engage philosopher Chelsea Haramia on the ethics of sending signals into space that might be received by intelligent beings in the cosmos. For more information about this episode, include a rich set of links, please see the blog entry for Episode 48 at: https://wowsignalpodcast.com Guest Bio Chelsea Haramia received her PhD in philosophy from the University of Colorado at Boulder, where she specialized in ethics. She is now an assistant professor in the philosophy department at Spring Hill College. She is also co-editor of the online journal 1000-Word Philosophy, which houses a growing set of original 1000-word essays on philosophical questions, figures, and arguments aimed at an audience of philosophers and non-philosophers alike. She has published in the areas of normative ethics, bioethics, animal ethics, aesthetics, feminist philosophy, and astrobiology ethics. Her current work involves ethical and metaethical analyses of space exploration and of the search for intelligent life in particular.   Credits: Co-hosts: Paul Carr and Daniel De Paulis Producer: Paul Carr Music: DJ Spooky, Nest, Erika Lloyd.   The Wow! Signal is published under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike license.

Released: 7 November 2020 Duration: 57 minutes, 36 seconds   Co hosts Paul Carr and Daniela De Paulis welcome space historian David Skogerboe to talk about the pro-space activism of Arthur C. Clarke. Guest Bio: David Skogerboe is a space historian and science communicator. He recently earned his MSc in the History and Philosophy of Science from Utrecht University in the Netherlands, where he focused his research on the intersection of space science, science fiction, and science communication. During his masters, he interned at the NASA History Division in Washington DC, where he spent countless hours perusing the most interesting historical reference collections on the planet. He is presently a freelance writer and editor while he awaits the emergence of his first child, and he hopes to soon begin a PhD and a fruitful career as a professional nerd. Links: The Godfather of Satellites: Arthur C. Clarke and the Battle for Narrative Space in the Popular Culture of Spaceflight, 1945-1995, David Skogerboe, full master's thesis Apollo 12: Why Don't You Know Me? You Should., David Skogerboe, NASA News & Notes Wireless World Feb. & Oct. 1945, Scans of Clarke's articles proposing the geostationary satellite How the World Was One: Beyond the Global Village, Arthur C. Clarke (1992), Clarke's overview of the impact of communication technology on society The Making of a Moon: The Story of the Earth Satellite Program, Arthur C. Clarke (1957), Clarke's pre-history of satellite technology, first published before Sputnik The Fountains of Paradise, Arthur C. Clarke (1979), Clarke's sci-fi that features the space elevator and "project clean-up" Arthur C. Clarke's official website An expansive bibliography of Clarke's work. An impressive reminder of just how hard he pushed to propel humans into space, and keep them there. Credits: Co-hosts: Paul Carr and Daniela De Paulis Music: DJ Spooky and Lloyd Rogers

Released: 6 April 2020 Duration: 53 minutes, 55 seconds   Author and podcaster Wade Roush talks about his forthcoming book from MIT Press, Extraterrestrials. The book covers astrobiology, SETI, the Fermi paradox and more for a literate but non-specialist audience. WADE ROUSH, a Boston-based science and technology journalist, is a columnist at Scientific American and the producer and host of Soonish, an independent podcast about the future. He has served as Boston bureau reporter for Science, senior editor and San Francisco bureau chief at MIT Technology Review, chief correspondent and San Francisco editor for Xconomy, and acting director of MIT's Knight Science Journalism program. He holds a PhD in the history and social study of science and technology from MIT. For more information, please visit us at https://wowsignalpodcast.com Links: The Extraterrestrial page at MIT Press Six Strange Facts about Oumuamua Sofia Sheikh and the Nine Axes The Vanishing Sources Where is Everybody? Stephen Webb's Book on the Fermi Paradox Natalie Cabrol Seth Shostak on the Zoo Hypothesis   The MIT Technology Review The Hub and Spoke Podcast Network The Soonish podcast   The podcast contact page Wow! Signal Live   Credits Host and Producer: Paul Carr Music: Lloyd Rogers and Jason Robinson   The Wow! Signal is released under the Creative Commons Attribution License

Released: 31 March 2020 Duration: 54 minutes, 8 seconds   Co-hosts Paul Carr and Daniela DePaulis welcome Dr. Paola Castaño to talk about her research among the science teams working on the International Space Station. For more information, please visit our blog at https://wowsignalpodcast.com Guest Bio Paola Castaño is a sociologist of science. She recently completed a Newton International Fellow funded by The British Academy at Cardiff University and is working on a book about the meanings and valuations of scientific research on the International Space Station. On the basis of ethnographic work following the life course of experiments sent to the station, the book examines the fields of particle physics, plant biology and biomedical research. She has a PhD in sociology from the University of Chicago, and has been a postdoctoral researcher at the Smithsonian Air and Space Museum in Washington DC, the Free University of Berlin, and Waseda University in Tokyo. Links: The International Space Station goes under the microscope Human Research Program Investigators' Workshop 2020: Day 1 Cosmic-ray positron fraction measurement from 1 to 30 GeV with AMS-01 Scott Kelly's genes and NASA's twin study on him, explained Keyworkers   Daniela De Paulis on the Unseen Podcast Daniela De Paulis discusses Cogito in Episode 35. Cogito in Space Castaño's article on Cogito   The Wow! Signal podcast on Reddit Our YouTube Channel Credits: Co-hosts: Paul Carr and Daniela De Paulis Producer: Paul Carr Music: DJ Spooky, Blue Dot Sessions, Lee Maddeford, and Lloyd Rogers

Released: 20 March 2020 Duration: 31 minutes, 42 seconds   Astronomer David Blank responded to our invitation to comment on the Villarroel+ paper we covered in Episode 41, which he describes as "very fascinating."   Links The VASCO project: I. USNO objects missing in modern sky surveys and follow-up observations of a "missing star" Dorrit Hoffleit  and her autobiography: Misfortunes as Blessings in Disguise Bradley Schaefer and the Harvard Plates Josh Grindlay, PI of DASCH The Very Large Array Sky Survey The VASCO Citizen Science Project   Credits: Host and Producer: Paul Carr Music: Lloyd Rogers

Released: 22 January 2020 Live recording: 20 January 2020 Duration:  66 minutes 45 seconds Thread: Astronomy and Astrophysics   Host Paul Carr along with Daniela De Paulis and Ciro Villa welcome astronomer Stella Kafka, director of the American Association of Variable Star Observers (AAVSO). We talk about the recent and possibly unprecedented dimming of Betelgeuse, among many other astronomy topics.  For complete show notes, please visit https://wowsignalpodcast.com   Credits: Host and Producer: Paul Carr Panelists: Daniela De Paulis, Ciro Villa Music: Claudio Nuñes, Felipe Sarro (playing Ravel) Software: Zoom, OBS, Auphonic, Reaper, OS X Mojave Hardware: Apple, Shure, Focusrite, Cloud, Elgato, Logitech

Released:  Duration: 55 minutes, 36 seconds   Adam Dipert is a veteran circus performer and dancer who recently received his PhD in physics from Arizona State University.  Her has brought his various interests together by researching human movement in microgravity. We are going to let him tell you all about that. Adam will be presenting about this work at the Conference for Research on Choreographic Interfaces in Providence, Rhode Island, USA at Brown University, March 5-7 2020.  Link to conference here: http://www.choreotech.com/vision Links: Flower Sticks Zero G Kitsou Dubois Orienting Beyond Gravity: Training with Kitsou Dubois Partner Stilting Acrobatics A video of Adam in Zero G Skylab Astronauts Doing Gymnastics in Zero G The Froude Number Kristina isabelle   Credits: Co-hosts: Daniela DePaulis and Paul Carr Producer Paul Carr Music: DJ Spooky   This podcast is released under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike license.

Released: 11 December 2019 Duration: 48 minutes, 30 seconds   Co-hosts Daniela DePaulis and Paul Carr welcome Julia DeMarines (@LifeNSpace) to talk about bouncing radio signals off the moon. Julia is involved in a moon bounce research project for Berkeley SETI, and Daniela has used moonbounce in her art projects, including Cogito. We also get into a discussion of METI, and the importance of message composition to humans. For more information, please visit https://wowisgnalpodcast.com Guest bio: Julia DeMarines is an Astrobiologist and science communicator working at the UC Berkeley SETI Research Center and with Blue Marble Space. She is a 2019 National Geographic Explorer and 2018 Grosvenor Teacher Fellow, and a 2019 AGU Voices for Science advocate.  Her research involves detecting life in the Universe through biosignatures and technosignatures and the ethics of sending powerful, intentional messages into space. She is passionate about inspiring the next generation of scientists and  teaches to underserved students around the world through the Ad Astra Academy. Julia also runs her own outreach events called  "Space in Your Face!" – a space variety show involving comedy, local artists, and cover songs.  http://juliademarines.com/ Twitter: @LifeNspace Instagram: @mote_of_dust Facebook: @JuliaDeMarines   Links Sullivan (1979), Radio leakage and eavesdropping Sullivan and Knowles(1985), Lunar Reflections of Terrestrial Radio Leakage. DeMarines+ (2019), Observing the Earth as a Communicating Exoplanet The One Earth Message The LUVOIR telescope The HabEx Observatory HawkEye 360 David Grinspoon's appearances on this podcast: first, second, third. Andrew Siemion's appearances: first, second.   Follow Us on Twitter. Our Discord Server Dream of the Open Channel Credits: Co-hosts: Daniela DePaulis and Paul Carr Producer: Paul Carr Music: DJ Spooky, Jason Robinson, George Hrab Software: Zoom,  Loopback, Reaper, Focusrite, Auphonic, OS X Mojave Hardware: Shure, Cloud,Focusrite, Apple.   This podcast is released under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike license.

Released: 15 November 2019 Duration: 42 minutes, 24 seconds Our guest on Burst 19 in 2016, Dr. Beatriz Villarroel, returns to give us an update on the vanishing star, following the release of a new paper detailing a much more ambitious project along the same lines that finds a number of new candidate objects. For more information, please visit https://wowsignalpodcast.com Links: Burst 19: Our Sky Now and Then Villarroel+: The Vanishing & Appearing Sources during a Century of Observations project: I. USNO objects missing in modern sky surveys and follow-up observations of a "missing star" The POSS-I Survey Pan-STARRS Chasing Disclosure (work of fiction that mentions the earlier research) Credits: Host and Producer: Paul Carr Music: DJ Spooky and Jason Robinson Announcer: Erin Carr This podcast is released under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-alike license.

Released: 16 October 2019 Duration: 54 minutes, 51 seconds   Interstellar Languages is a forthcoming book about the human quest to craft messages that can be understood across interstellar distances. We may want to tell ET about  ourselves, or it may be help ET send message to us that we will know how to interpret. Daniel Oberhaus is a staff writer at Wired Magazine, where he covers space and energy. His first book, Extraterrestrial Languages, will be released by MIT Press on October 22, 2019.  For more information, please visit wowsignalpodcast.com Support the podcast at Patreon.com. Links MIT Press Page for Interstellar Languages Daniela DePaulis The 2017 Sonar message  There is Here The Risks of METI and Religious Aliens The Question: the ontological status of mathematics Credits Host and Producer: Paul Carr Co-Host: Daniela DiPaulis Music: DJ Spooky, Jason Robinson, George Hrab Announcer: Erin Carr   The Wow! Signal is released under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike license

Released: 29 September 2019 Duration: 49 minutes, 52 seconds Download Sofia's paper here: https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.02683 A conversation with SETI researcher Sofia Sheikh about how we should evaluate technosignature search strategies. We cover three examples of technosignature searches and their relative advantages. Sofia Sheikh is a third-year graduate student at the Pennsylvania State University working with Dr. Jason Wright. She did her undergraduate work at the University of California, Berkeley, where she became involved with the Breakthrough Listen Initiative. Her work incorporates both theoretical approaches to the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) and observational radio searches for technosignatures. She intends to be the first woman to complete a SETI PhD thesis. Links The Nine Axes of Merit Andrew Siemion on SETI at the SKA  Breakthrough Listen The Truth about Alien Megastructures Sonar Calling GJ273B Credits Host and Producer: Paul Carr Announcer: Erin Carr Music: DJ Spooky, Erika Lloyd, Jason Robinson Hardware: Shure, Audio Technica, Pro Art, Behringer, Focusrite, Apple. Software: Skype, Loopback, Reaper, Auphonic Desktop Hosting: Libsyn