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Every megaraptoran dinosaur that has been described. Plus some that aren't officially named like the "Lightning Claw" from the opal fields of Australia. And many that have been given other classifications—like a potential giant compsognathid. For links to every news story, all of the details we shared about AniksosaurusAndAoniraptor, and our fun fact check out https://iknowdino.com/AniksosaurusAndAoniraptor-Episode-575/ Join us at www.patreon.com/iknowdino for dinosaur requests, bonus content, ad-free episodes, and more. Dinosaur of the day Aniksosaurus and Aoniraptor, two predators on the smaller side for the Cretaceous. Aniksosaurus was probably under 10ft (3m) long and under 100lb (45Kg). Aoniraptor was twice as long and heavier, but it had a lot of air spaces in its bones to make it as light as possible.. Megaraptorids could be closely related to Tyrannosaurs, but they had lighter skeletons and large impressive hand claws. The Meagaraptorans discussed in this episode: Megaraptor: The original megaraptorid"Lightning Claw" from the opal fields in AustraliaFukuiraptor: A slender megaraptorid with flat hand clawsPhuwiangvenator: One of the oldest genera (Early Cretaceous)Vayuraptor: Another old genus from ThailandRapator: Opalized left hand bone found in 1905Aerosteon: The aptly named "air bone" from ArgentinaAustralovenator: Also known as "Banjo" the largest predatory dinosaur in AustraliaJoaquinraptor: One of the last surviving megaraptorans (Latest Cretaceous)Maip: Largest known megaraptorid (30ft/9m and under 1.5 tons)Murusraptor: Proportionally long snout from ArgentinaOrkoraptor: The "toothed river thief" with specialized teeth and other features similar to compsognathids despite its large sizeTratayenia: Known from a handful of thin and hollow bonesPossible megaraptorans:BahariasaurusChilantaisaurusDatanglongDeltadromeusEotyrannusGualichoSiatsVectaerovenatorWalgettosuchus  This episode is brought to you by our patrons. Their generous contributions make our podcast (and I Know Paleo) possible! You can join our community, help us keep the shows going, and get everything ad-free (a win win win) for $8.99/month when paying annually. Go to Patreon.com/iknowdino to sign up. See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Odonatoptera includes flying insects going all the way back to the Carboniferous. The order Odonata evolved in the Triassic and today survive as dragonflies and damselflies. Today they're typically much smaller than birds, but in the Mesozoic they used to much larger. Fun Fact: Dragonflies are the most successful hunters in the animal kingdom https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.059394

Episode art of Gongshuilong fanwei by Joel Lee joelleeart.com The new hadrosaur Gongshuilong had an amazing, and tall, tail; A new close relative of Parasaurolophus with a large head crest; And a "hidden hadrosaur" Kryptohadros from Romania; Plus the PBS Eons team join to discuss their new series on the Permian and the Great Dying that started the Mesozoic. For links to every news story, all of the details we shared about Shamosaurus, links from Blake de Pastino, Kallie Moore, and Gabriel-Philip Santos, and our fun fact check out https://iknowdino.com/Shamosaurus-Episode-574/ Join us at www.patreon.com/iknowdino for dinosaur requests, bonus content, ad-free episodes, and more. Dinosaur of the day Shamosaurus, a medium-sized ankylosaur. Interview with Blake de Pastino, Kallie Moore, and Gabriel-Philip Santos, three of the hosts of the YouTube channel PBS Eons, and their new six-episode series from PBS Digital Studios and Complexly, titled Eons: Life and Death on Pangea, explores the “Great Dying” In dinosaur news this week: A new "hidden hadrosaur": Kryptohadros kallaiaeA new saurolophine hadrosaurid, Gongshuilong fanwei, with a sail down its tail (and maybe its back)A new close relative of Parasaurolophus from Canada named Plesiolophus warnerensisThe Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia has announced that it's closing at the end of the month. But a facebook group was created to try and save it.  This episode is brought to you by our patrons. Their generous contributions make our podcast (and I Know Paleo) possible! You can join our community, help us keep the shows going, and get everything ad-free (a win win win) for $8.99/month when paying annually. Go to Patreon.com/iknowdino to sign up. See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Blake de Pastino, Kallie Moore, and Gabriel-Philip Santos were a ton of fun to talk to. Some of the extra content in this extended version: Acting Favorite rocks More about the Cradock bonebed Awesome columnar basalt Supercontinents before Pangea (and the next supercontinent) How most of Earth's history didn't have fuzzy creatures When did Earth start looking familiar? The ad free episode resumes after the interview at 43:29

Details on the meteorite that impacted Earth and ended the Cretaceous Period; How the impact kicked off worldwide fires and also microbial life; Plus where scientists are looking for the oldest life on Earth. News from this episode: The asteroid that made non-avian dinosaurs extinct was a rare type of meteorite Dinosaurs may have died out within hours of the asteroid hitting Earth, from fires that ignited around the world Chicxulub not only caused a mass extinction, it created an underground environment that supported microbial life for millions of years Scientists are looking for some of the oldest rocks on Earth for tiny fossils to see how microbial life evolved into plants and animals

From tiny Triassic taxa to stupendous "snake-necked" sauropods. We cover eight brand new named dinosaurs—And they are all sauropods (with one sauropodomorph). For links to every news story, all of the details we shared about Venenosaurus, and our fun fact check out https://iknowdino.com/Venenosaurus-Episode-573/ Join us at www.patreon.com/iknowdino for dinosaur requests, bonus content, ad-free episodes, and more. Dinosaur of the day Venenosaurus, a small sauropod whose name means "poison lizard". In dinosaur news this week: A new small sauropodomorph from Zimbabwe, Musango matusadonaensis, that weighed as much as two ostrichesA sauropod in India, Ceratocaudia antiqua, was old for a neosauropod (Early/Mid Jurassic) but also old as an individual (with arthritis)A new small titanosaur from Uruguay, Mesetasaurus protectorA new Moroccan titanosaur, Phosphatotitan khouribgaensis, looked a lot like a miniature PatagotitanThere’s a new Argentinian sauropod, Bicharracosaurus dionidei, the "big animal lizard"A new "snake necked" mamenchisaur from Thailand was named Uragasaurus kalasinensisThe new sauropod Yantaloong lini has an extra pair of “lock and key” joints between its vertebraeThere’s a new enormous titanosauriform, Nagatitan chaiyaphumensis, from Thailand with a humerus measuring 1.78m (5ft 10in) tallThe first dinosaur bone found in Antarctica belongs to a titanosaur (although its not complete enough to have a name)  This episode is brought to you by our patrons. Their generous contributions make our podcast (and I Know Paleo) possible! You can join our community, help us keep the shows going, and get everything ad-free (a win win win) for $8.99/month when paying annually. Go to Patreon.com/iknowdino to sign up. See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Agnatha: jawless fish Today just lampreys and hagfish Gnathostomata: jawed fish Placoderms (like Dunkleosteus) Went extinct at the end of the Devonian Spiny Sharks (shark-like fish with large spines supporting their fins) Went extinct at the end of the Permian Cartilaginous fish (the above fish also have cartilaginous skeletons) Today include sharks, rays, sawfish, and a few other groups Ray-finned fish (have fins supported by rigid "rays" like a folding fan) About 99% of fish in the sea today Lobe-finned fish (evolved into dinosaurs, humans, and all other tetrapods) Today it's just coelacanths and lungfish (other than tetrapods) All the fish in this episode: 1. Belemnacanthus 2. Bluefieldius 3. Campbellodus 4. Cephalaspis (add fish type to this and later) 5. Cheiracanthus 6. Coccosteus 7. Cooleyella 8. Doryaspis 9. Duyunolepis 10. Ebenaqua 11. Entelognathus 12. Guiyu 13. Haikouichthys 14. Harajicadectes 15. Ischnacanthus 16. Jamoytius 17. Kenichthys 18. Liliaspis 19. Luckeus 20. Macropoma 21. Materpiscis 22. Mesacanthus 23. Microbrachius 24. Osteolepis 25. Ptomacanthus 26. Pycnosteus 27. Qingmenodus 28. Rhinosteus 29. Simosteus 30. Superciliaspis 31. Syntomodus 32. Tassiliodus 33. Tartuosteus 34. Tiktaalik 35. Torosteus 36. Toxoprion 37. Venustodus 38. Weejasperaspis 39. Westrichus 40. Wodnika 41. Xylacanthus 42. Zenaspis Bonus: Babelichthys

Joschua Knüppe returns to discuss working on dinosaur documentaries, paleoart (from press releases to murals), and many more projects. Plus the new raptor, Kank australis, which may have been an active fisher. For links to every news story, all of the details we shared about Oohkotokia, links from Joschua Knüppe, and our fun fact check out https://iknowdino.com/Oohkotokia-Episode-572/ Join us at www.patreon.com/iknowdino for dinosaur requests, bonus content, ad-free episodes, and more. Dinosaur of the day Oohkotokia, an armored ankylosaur that lived alongside tyrannosaurs like Albertosaurus and Gorgosaurus. Interview with Joschua Knüppe, a paleoartist, and host of Paleostream on Twitch. He was also the scientific advisor for Netflix’s The Dinosaurs, which came out earlier this year—and we talked to him in episode 403, about the graphic novel, Europasaurus: Life on Jurassic Islands In dinosaur news this week: There’s a new unenlagiid dinosaur, Kank australis, that seems to have adaptations for fishing (and fossilized with fish)  Our collectible cards were approved for a bonus month of orders! Commemorate the biggest new dinosaurs discoveries of the last year with us! You can get 6 (or 7 for patrons) cards including the shiny Spicomellus card (and shiny Nanotyrannus for patrons)! Get yours now at iknowdino.com/cards and choose from cards, stickers, keychains and even a brand new custom enamel pin! Get yours soon, because they are only available for a limited time. www.iknowdino.com/cards See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Some of the extra content in this extended version: Why aesthetics of dinosaurs is so important Joschua's illustration process How to show small triangular scales at the end of plesiosaur scales in paleoart while showing the whole animal realistically Drawing attention to details (guide viewer to focal points) Museum murals Value of the paleo community How environment, diet, size, and even the animal's vision affect their coloration More cool stuff to see in the museum The ad free episode resumes after the interview at 52:29

A new T. rex that isn't what you think; Spinosaur salt glands; and a new "Witch Croc"! News from this episode: A large earthquake hit near the Mifune Dinosaur Museum in Japan killing dozens in the area, damaging exhibits, and closing the museum for now. There’s a new T. rex, but it’s not a dinosaur—it's Tylosaurus rex Some spinosaurs had salt glands, which would help them spend more time in the water There’s a new “Witch Croc” that looks like an early dinosaur but is an ancient crocodile relative

Lindsay Graham from History Daily explores the human side of two topics we often discuss on the show: extinction and volcanic eruptions. On June 3, 1844, after becoming collector’s items for being a rare species, the last pair of great auks is killed by fishermen.On August 26, 1883, a volcano explodes on the island of Krakatoa, sparking one of the deadlest natural disasters in history. Go to HistoryDaily.com for more history, daily. Join us at www.patreon.com/iknowdino for dinosaur requests, bonus content, ad-free episodes, and more. See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Tyrannosaurus hatchlings; Tyrannosaurus took 40 years to reach full size; Some dinosaurs grew really fast and some were incredibly slow; Growth affects how much dinosaurs need parental care; A listener question about how sauropod diets changed as they grew; And a whole lot more dinosaur growth research For links to every news story, all of the details we shared about Tambatitanis, and our fun fact check out https://iknowdino.com/Tambatitanis-Episode-571/ Join us at www.patreon.com/iknowdino for dinosaur requests, bonus content, ad-free episodes, and more. Dinosaur of the day Tambatitanis, a titanosauriform from Japan named after the friendship between the two people who found the dinosaur. In dinosaur news this week: There’s a new titanosauriform dinosaur, Dasosaurus tocantinensisWhen estimating how dinosaurs grew, some models may be missing important data pointsDinosaurs were likely thicker and heavier than previously estimatedHow much did climate affect dinosaur body size evolution? It’s hard to sayScans of Early Triassic archosauromorph fossils show that this group had a variety of growth strategies from the beginningHow scales grow as dinosaurs grow can give us some information on how they livedTyrannosaur hatchlings may have left the nest shortly after hatching to huntIt took Tyrannosaurus rex 40 years to reach its full sizeCeratosaurus grew more than 9 times faster than some of its fellow ceratosaursThe basal ornithopod Changchunsaurus was one of the slowest growing dinosaurs (that we know of)Maiasaura grew in a way that it needed a lot of parental care as a hatchlingThe hadrosaur Gryposaurus grew (mostly) isometrically (meaning everything grew at the same rate)The small iguanodont Dysalotosaurus had some interesting fused bones in its neckA new, tiny, young sauropodomorph sheds light on how early dinosaurs grewThe titanosaur Neuquensaurus grew quickly, but differently than expected Our collectible cards were approved for a bonus month of orders! Commemorate the biggest new dinosaurs discoveries of the last year with us! You can get 6 (or 7 for patrons) cards including the unlocked Shri rapax card! Get yours now at iknowdino.com/cards and choose from cards, stickers, keychains and even a brand new custom enamel pin! Get yours soon, because they are only available for a limited time. www.iknowdino.com/cards See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

This episode was previously released to our patrons on www.patreon.com/iknowdino If you want to hear more episodes like this (and get new content every week) join us at patreon.com/iknowdino If we reach 1,000 patrons by the end of August we'll do something special to celebrate! See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Rhamphorhynchus, a pterosaur that ate fish with a mouth full of gnarly teeth. There are beautifully fossilized examples rivaling Archaeopteryx (they are both found in the same Solnhofen limestone in Bavaria, Germany). Rhamphorynchus almost certainly ate fish given the fish found in its gut contents and its anatomical similarities to other fish-eaters. Summary of pterosaur diet interpretations from 126 pterosaur studies https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12431 Rhamphorrhynchus in all of its glory! https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rhamphorhynchus_munsteri.jpg Recent pterosaur family tree from https://doi.org/10.26879/20 Fun Fact: There is at least one pterosaur that was largely herbivorous—the Sinopterus atavismus (a tapejarid).

Some of the extra content in this extended version: The "squid in an ice cream cone" Orthoceras The worst 2 extinctions Some of the strange things in the Triassic after the worst mass extinction in recorded history Background extinction rate as a natural process vs mass extinctions Favorite exhibitions including "monsters and mermaids" debunking hoaxes The motivated reasoning that makes people believe hoaxes The oldest evidence of bird migration size of the nestling bird bones and how to study the bones without damaging them Why enantiornithines didn't live in the Arctic The upside of spending summers in the Arctic The strangest penguin: Which could probably impale fish with its beak When penguins evolved The ad free episode resumes after the interview at 34:38