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In this 213th in a series of live discussions with Bret Weinstein and Heather Heying (both PhDs in Biology), we talk about the state of the world through an evolutionary lens. In this episode, we discuss sex, gender, and plants. First up: sex is binary, gender is downstream of sex, and rare Disorders of Sexual Development do not put the lie to the sex binary. Then: Duke University is deep-sixing its world class herbarium. We discuss the value of natural history museums, and of libraries, and defend the liberal arts and sciences as fundamental not just to human inquiry, but to human flourishing. ***** Our sponsors: Sole: Carefully designed, personally moldable footbeds for healthy feet. Go to https://yoursole.com/darkhorse to receive 20% off their new Jasper Chukkas. Seed: Start a new healthy habit today with Seed probiotics. Use code darkhorse at https://seed.com/darkhorse to get 25% off your first month of Seed's DS-01® Daily Synbiotic. Moink: Grass-fed and grass-finished beef and lamb, pastured pork and chicken, and wild caught Alaskan salmon. Visit www.moinkbox.com/darkhorse to get a year’s worth of hamburger free when you sign up. ***** Join us on Locals! Get access to our Discord server, exclusive live streams, live chats for all streams, and early access to many podcasts: https://darkhorse.locals.com/ Heather’s newsletter, Natural Selections (subscribe to get free weekly essays in your inbox): https://naturalselections.substack.com Our book, A Hunter-Gatherer’s Guide to the 21st Century, is available everywhere books are sold, including from Amazon: https://a.co/d/dunx3at Check out our store! Epic tabby, digital book burning, saddle up the dire wolves, and more: https://darkhorsestore.org ***** Mentioned in this episode: Colin Wright on Eric Weinstein’s appearance on Modern Wisdom: https://x.com/SwipeWright/status/1759718664369050058   Me, She, He, They: Reality vs Identity in the 21st Century (Heather on sex and gender):https://naturalselections.substack.com/p/meshehethey Duke plans to close its Herbarium, “A tragic mistake”: https://www.science.org/content/article/tragic-mistake-decision-close-duke-university-s-herbarium-triggers-furor   Herman, S.G., 2002. Wildlife biology and natural history: time for a reunion. The Journal of wildlife management66(4): 933-946. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3802927 Support the show

Bjorn Lomborg is the president of the Copenhagen Consensus Center and author of the recent book, Best Things First. Copenhagen Consensus: https://copenhagenconsensus.com/ Best Things First: https://www.amazon.com/Best-Things-First-BjornLomborg/dp/1940003482/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&sr=8-1  ***** VanMan: Tallow and honey balm, and many other animal based personal care products. Go to vanmanscompany.com/darkhorse and use code darkhorse for 10% off your first order. ***** Find Bret Weinstein on Twitter: @BretWeinstein, and on Patreon.  Please subscribe to this channel for more long form content like this, and subscribe to the clips channel @DarkHorse Podcast Clips for short clips of all our podcasts.  Check out the DHP store! Epic tabby, digital book burning, saddle up the dire wolves, and more: https://www.darkhorsestore.org/ Theme Music: Thank you to Martin Molin of Wintergatan for providing us the rights to use their excellent music. Support the show

In this 212th in a series of live discussions with Bret Weinstein and Heather Heying (both PhDs in Biology), we talk about the state of the world through an evolutionary lens. In this episode, we discuss how to build your own boot camp, with principles including the courage cascade, flak over the target, recognizing the distinction between signal and noise, random vs systematic error, “the room is not the room,” OODA loops, and keeping separate track of analytics and morals. Also: how a new ant in Africa has forced lions to change how and what they hunt. And: microbeef sushi. ***** Our sponsors: Sundays: Dog food so tasty and healthy, even husbands swear by it. Go to www.sundaysfordogs.com/DARKHORSE to receive 35% off your first order. Momentous: high-quality, science-backed, rigorously tested supplements. Go to livemomentous.com and use code DARKHORSE for 15% off. American Hartford Gold: Get up to $5,000 of free silver on your first qualifying order. Call 866-828-1117 or text “DARKHORSE” to 998899. ***** Join us on Locals! Get access to our Discord server, exclusive live streams, live chats for all streams, and early access to many podcasts: https://darkhorse.locals.com/ Heather’s newsletter, Natural Selections (subscribe to get free weekly essays in your inbox): https://naturalselections.substack.com Our book, A Hunter-Gatherer’s Guide to the 21st Century, is available everywhere books are sold, including from Amazon: https://a.co/d/dunx3at Check out our store! Epic tabby, digital book burning, saddle up the dire wolves, and more: https://darkhorsestore.org ***** Mentioned in this episode: Dolphins: https://x.com/rainmaker1973/status/1757341726186910022 Judicial Watch: DHS Secretary Mayorkas Personally Declined Presidential Candidate RFK Jr’s Request for Secret Service Protection: https://www.judicialwatch.org/rfk-jr-secret-service-protection/ Center for Countering Digital Hate – The New Climate Denial: https://counterhate.com/research/new-climate-denial/ Kamaru et al 2024. Disruption of an ant-plant mutualism shapes interactions between lions and their primary prey. Science, 383(6681): 433-438: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adg1464 Microbeef sushi: https://www.science.org/content/article/rice-covered-cow-cells-aims-provide-nutritious-sustainable-food Support the show

In this 211th in a series of live discussions with Bret Weinstein and Heather Heying (both PhDs in Biology), we talk about the state of the world through an evolutionary lens. In this episode, we discuss Winter and seasonality, before a longer discussion of overfitting, shoe-horning, and straight-jacketing. How do models, collusion, and Occam’s Razor contribute to how we understand the world? Why are generalists better situated to interpret complexity than are specialists? Then: how good is the science behind the major paper out of The Lancet that assures us that we should not be eating red meat? Answer: not very. Finally, we discuss the orcas who were trapped in sea ice off of Japan, and what it means to be an orca (including mention of the grandmother hypothesis). ***** Our sponsors: MDHearing: To get our $397 when you buy a PAIR offer, head to Shopmdhearing.com and use code DARKHORSE.   Helix: Excellent, sleep-enhancing, American-made mattresses. Go to www.HelixSleep.com/DarkHorse and use code HELIXPARTNER20 to get up to 20% of all mattress orders AND 2 free pillows. ARMRA: Colostrum is our first food, and can help restore your health and resilience as an adult. Go to www.tryarmra.com/DARKHORSE to get 15% off your first order. ***** Join us on Locals! Get access to our Discord server, exclusive live streams, live chats for all streams, and early access to many podcasts: https://darkhorse.locals.com/ Heather’s newsletter, Natural Selections (subscribe to get free weekly essays in your inbox): https://naturalselections.substack.com Our book, A Hunter-Gatherer’s Guide to the 21st Century, is available everywhere books are sold, including from Amazon: https://a.co/d/dunx3at Check out our store! Epic tabby, digital book burning, saddle up the dire wolves, and more: https://darkhorsestore.org ***** Mentioned in this episode: The Emperor of Scent by Chandler Burr (about Luca Turin): https://www.amazon.com/Emperor-Scent-Story-Perfume-Obsession/dp/0375759816   Willett et al 2019. Food in the Anthropocene: the EAT–Lancet Commission on healthy diets from sustainable food systems. Lancet 393, 447–492: https://www.thelancet.com/action/showPdf?pii=S0140-6736%2818%2931788-4 Stanton 2024. Unacceptable use of substandard metrics in policy decisions which mandate large reductions in animal-source foods. Npj Science of Food 8(10): https://www.nature.com/articles/s41538-024-00249-y Stanton et al 2022. 36-fold higher estimate of deaths attributable to red meat intake in GBD 2019: is this reliable?. The Lancet, 399(10332), pp.e23-e26.: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(22)00311-7/fulltext Support the show

In this 210th in a series of live discussions with Bret Weinstein and Heather Heying (both PhDs in Biology), we talk about the state of the world through an evolutionary lens. In this episode, we discuss hypotheses about the border situation. Having just returned from Panama, Bret hypothesizes that there are two immigrations happening: the migration driven by the pursuit of greater economic opportunities in the United States, which includes people from all over the world, and a lot of families; and a second, cryptic migration which includes mostly people from China, of military age, heavily skewed towards men. He also reviews a hypothesis from some years back, about the effect of the one-child policy in China, taken in concert with the tendency to prefer boys. We then discuss neurogenesis in pregnant mice; and also the “diaper spa” being opened in New Hampshire, which is only possible because we have stopped allowing ourselves to critique anti-social and anti-societal tendencies. ***** Our sponsors: Maui Nui Venison: healthiest wild red meat on the planet, from steaks to bone broth to jerky. Go to mauinuivenison.com/darkhorse to get 20% off your first order. American Hartford Gold: Get up to $5,000 of free silver on your first qualifying order. Call 866-828-1117 or text “DARKHORSE” to 998899. Freespoke: our new favorite search engine. Check out Freespoke from your desktop or in your app store and download it today to make it your default search engine. ***** Join us on Locals! Get access to our Discord server, exclusive live streams, live chats for all streams, and early access to many podcasts: https://darkhorse.locals.com/ Heather’s newsletter, Natural Selections (subscribe to get free weekly essays in your inbox): https://naturalselections.substack.com Our book, A Hunter-Gatherer’s Guide to the 21st Century, is available everywhere books are sold, including from Amazon: https://a.co/d/dunx3at Check out our store! Epic tabby, digital book burning, saddle up the dire wolves, and more: https://darkhorsestore.org ***** Mentioned in this episode: Support and Defend: Military Whistleblowers Volume II (on DarkHorse): https://youtu.be/fg_Y7WxfQ48   Chaker et al 2023. Pregnancy-responsive pools of adult neural stem cells for transient neurogenesis in mothers. Science 382(6673): 958-963: https://www.science.org/doi/epdf/10.1126/science.abo5199 What’s a diaper spa? https://www.boston.com/news/local-news/2024/01/30/diaper-spa-raising-eyebrows-atkinson-new-hampshire/   The diaper spa: https://diaperspa.com Support the show

In this 209th in a series of live discussions with Bret Weinstein and Heather Heying (both PhDs in Biology), we talk about the state of the world through an evolutionary lens. In this episode, we discuss misinformation and how dangerous it is, especially to mainstream researchers and media. We dissect research that claims to find evidence that “doing your own research” actually cements false views, and find that the research itself is so methodologically flawed as to be incapable of delivering accurate results. We celebrate the finding of Canada’s Federal Court that the invoking of the Emergencies Act during the Trucker’s Convoy was unconstitutional; and we discuss the WHO’s faltering pandemic preparedness plan. And we briefly discussed Panama: what is happening in the Darien, in the Panama Canal, and why a monkey crossed the Canal. Head over to our Locals for more content from Bret & Zack’s recent trip to Panama. ***** Our sponsors: Moink: Grass-fed and grass-finished beef and lamb, pastured pork and chicken, and wild caught Alaskan salmon. Visit www.moinkbox.com/darkhorse to get a year’s worth of hamburger free when you sign up.  Seed: Start a new healthy habit today with Seed probiotics. Use code darkhorse at https://seed.com/darkhorse to get 25% off your first month of Seed's DS-01® Daily Synbiotic. PaleoValley: Wide array of amazing products, including SuperFood Golden Milk and beef sticks. Go to https://paleovalley.com/darkhorse for 15% off your first order. ***** Join us on Locals! Get access to our Discord server, exclusive live streams, live chats for all streams, and early access to many podcasts: https://darkhorse.locals.com/ Heather’s newsletter, Natural Selections (subscribe to get free weekly essays in your inbox): https://naturalselections.substack.com Our book, A Hunter-Gatherer’s Guide to the 21st Century, is available everywhere books are sold, including from Amazon: https://a.co/d/dunx3at Check out our store! Epic tabby, digital book burning, saddle up the dire wolves, and more: https://darkhorsestore.org ***** Mentioned in this episode: Doing your own research is a good way to end up being wrong (WaPo):https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2024/01/17/do-your-own-research-study/ Aslett et al 2024. Online searches to evaluate misinformation can increase its perceived veracity. Nature625:548-575: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06883-y Fact checkers aren’t scientists: https://naturalselections.substack.com/p/coming-soon From Table S8?: Why are volcanoes all over the globe suddenly shooting giant clouds of ash miles into the air? https://www.lewrockwell.com/2020/01/michael-snyder/why-are-volcanoes-all-over-the-globe-suddenly-shooting-giant-clouds-of-ash-miles-into-the-air/ Cargo cult science, by Feynman (1974): https://calteches.library.caltech.edu/51/2/CargoCult.htm Federal Court of Canada declares invocation of the Emergencies Act unconstitutional: https://theccf.ca/wp-content/uploads/EA-challenge-fed-court-reasons-FINAL.pdf The cavalry rolled in, by Dan Arcand: https://naturalselections.substack.com/p/the-cavalry-rolled-in The Guardian: Global pandemic agreement at risk of falling apart, WHO warns: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/jan/22/global-pandemic-agreement-at-risk-of-falling-apart-who-warns Support the show

In this 208th in a series of live discussions with Bret Weinstein and Heather Heying (both PhDs in Biology), we talk about the state of the world through an evolutionary lens. In this episode, we discuss how not to hand Goliath a win. Letting Goliath in on the social landscape of the dissidents, on the petty feuds and disagreements, is giving it power that it should not have. And we discuss Boeing’s 737-9 Max airplanes: the one that blew out a door plug above Oregon; the FAA’s response to that “in-flight departure”; and recent changes at Boeing, which include increasing the focus on product and employee safety and product quality, to now also focus on climate, and on Diversity Equity and Inclusion). As we predicted before: move away from prioritizing merit in favor of immutable characteristics, and disaster will follow. ***** Momentous: high-quality, science-backed, rigorously tested supplements. Go to livemomentous.com and use code DARKHORSE for 15% off. Maui Nui Venison: healthiest wild red meat on the planet, from steaks to bone broth to jerky. Go to mauinuivenison.com/darkhorse to get 20% off your first order. Freespoke: our new favorite search engine. Check out Freespoke from your desktop or in the app store and download it today to make it your default search engine. ***** Join us on Locals! Get access to our Discord server, exclusive live streams, live chats for all streams, and early access to many podcasts: https://darkhorse.locals.com/ Heather’s newsletter, Natural Selections (subscribe to get free weekly essays in your inbox): https://naturalselections.substack.com Our book, A Hunter-Gatherer’s Guide to the 21st Century, is available everywhere books are sold, including from Amazon: https://a.co/d/dunx3at Check out our store! Epic tabby, digital book burning, saddle up the dire wolves, and more: https://darkhorsestore.org ***** Mentioned in this episode: Real Coffee with Scott Adams 1/12/24: https://rumble.com/v46lgtz-coffee-with-scott-adams-11224.html FAA’s Emergency Airworthiness Directive 1/6/24: https://drs.faa.gov/browse/excelExternalWindow/DRSDOCID122693486620240106201913.0001 Elon Musk Says Boeing Has a Diversity Problem. The Evidence Says Otherwise. Barron’s 1/12/24: https://www.barrons.com/articles/boeing-elon-musk-dei-diversity-c102c788 James Lindsay’s thread about DEI at Boeing: https://x.com/ConceptualJames/status/1745110176372339167 DarkHorse #159, Monkey business at Pfizer: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8QkyRmuAdGU&t=5182s Support the show

In this 207th in a series of live discussions with Bret Weinstein and Heather Heying (both PhDs in Biology), we talk about the state of the world through an evolutionary lens. In this episode, we sort out the strange reaction to Bret’s recent appearance on Tucker Carlson. What do all mobs have in common? What are the differences between critique and competition? We also talk about fat: from butter to olive oil to canola oil, what should you fry in? Are saturated fats bad for you? What are the differences between mono- and poly- unsaturated fats? Does the food industry have it right about anything? Should we fight for the right to yellow margarine? ***** Our sponsors: VanMan: Tallow and honey balm, and many other animal based personal care products. Go to vanmanscompany.com/darkhorse and use code darkhorse for 10% off your first order. Sundays: Dog food so tasty and healthy, even husbands swear by it. Go to www.sundaysfordogs.com/DARKHORSE to receive 35% off your first order. MDHearing: To get our $397 when you buy a PAIR offer, head to Shopmdhearing.com and use code DARKHORSE.   ***** Join us on Locals! Get access to our Discord server, exclusive live streams, live chats for all streams, and early access to many podcasts: https://darkhorse.locals.com/ Heather’s newsletter, Natural Selections (subscribe to get free weekly essays in your inbox): https://naturalselections.substack.com Our book, A Hunter-Gatherer’s Guide to the 21st Century, is available everywhere books are sold, including from Amazon: https://a.co/d/dunx3at Check out our store! Epic tabby, digital book burning, saddle up the dire wolves, and more: https://darkhorsestore.org ***** Q&A Link: https://darkhorse.locals.com/post/5109596/your-questions-answered-january-10th-darkhorse-q-a Mentioned in this episode: Tucker Carlson ep60, interview with Bret: https://x.com/TuckerCarlson/status/1743405833667371329 WHO’s Your Daddy? DarkHorse #197 from 10-17-23: https://rumble.com/v3pr3ao-bret-and-heather-197th-darkhorse-podcast-livestream.html Apparently we’re the bad guys (Natural Selections, February 2023): https://naturalselections.substack.com/p/apparently-were-the-bad-guys Kahn Academy on Saturated fats, unsaturated fats, and trans fats: https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-biology/chemistry-of-life/properties-structure-and-function-of-biological-macromolecules/v/saturated-fats-unsaturated-fats-and-trans-fats Grootveld, Percival, & Grootveld. 2018. Chronic non-communicable disease risks presented by lipid oxidation products in fried foods. Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 7(4): 305-312. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6131264/pdf/hbsn-07-04-305.pdf Support the show

In this 206th in a series of live discussions with Bret Weinstein and Heather Heying (both PhDs in Biology), we talk about the state of the world through an evolutionary lens. In this episode, we discuss new year’s resolutions. The Oregon Health Authority has requested, using data kind of but not really from the CDC, that we resolve to get vaccinated! Then: a short reading from Natural Selections. And: What happened to Claudine Gay, the now-resigned president of Harvard, and why is anyone surprised? In light of the largest solar flare since 2017, which, had it been angled differently, could have wreaked havoc on Earth, why don’t we have systems in place to prevent such havoc? Are any of our institutions or systems functional? What is driving the lack of functionality? ***** Our sponsors: Helix: Excellent, sleep-enhancing, American-made mattresses. Go to www.HelixSleep.com/DarkHorse and use code HELIXPARTNER20 to get up to 20% of all mattress orders AND 2 free pillows. ARMRA: Colostrum is our first food, and can help restore your health and resilience as an adult. Go to www.tryarmra.com/DARKHORSE to get 15% off your first order. American Hartford Gold: Get up to $5,000 of free silver on your first qualifying order. Call 866-828-1117 or text “DARKHORSE” to 998899. ***** Join us on Locals! Get access to our Discord server, exclusive live streams, live chats for all streams, and early access to many podcasts: https://darkhorse.locals.com/ Heather’s newsletter, Natural Selections (subscribe to get free weekly essays in your inbox): https://naturalselections.substack.com Our book, A Hunter-Gatherer’s Guide to the 21st Century, is available everywhere books are sold, including from Amazon: https://a.co/d/dunx3at Check out our store! Epic tabby, digital book burning, saddle up the dire wolves, and more: https://darkhorsestore.org ***** Mentioned in this episode: Resolve to get vaccinated: https://content.govdelivery.com/accounts/ORHA/bulletins/3822af9 CDC report from 12-22-23: Influenza, Updated COVID-19, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccination Coverage Among Adults — United States, Fall 2023: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/72/wr/mm7251a4.htm Era of the False Narrative: https://naturalselections.substack.com/p/era-of-the-false-narrative Social Justice Elevator Music: https://rumble.com/v3zxpmt-bret-and-heather-202nd-darkhorse-podcast-livestream.html Claudine Gay’s 1997 Dissertation: https://www.proquest.com/openview/724b4099916954afb2cda76a12deb066/1 2023 ends with a massive solar storm: https://www.forbes.com/sites/jamiecartereurope/2024/01/01/2023-ends-with-strongest-x-class-solar-flare-for-six-years-get-ready-for-aurora/ Support the show

In this 205th in a series of live discussions with Bret Weinstein and Heather Heying (both PhDs in Biology), we discuss the state of the world through an evolutionary lens. In this episode, we briefly discuss solar storms, Carrington events, and the possible failure of the electrical grid. Then: what does the absence of organisms where they once were mean? In the Exumas, Bahamas, this month, there were no laughing gulls. Eight months ago they were abundant in the same place. Could they be migrating? Might it be a pathogen? Local patchiness? Major decline for other reasons, like competition, or toxicity from plastics or pesticides? We discuss conservation success stories, like sea otters and bald eagles and California condors; and failures, like sea stars on the West coast of North America; and show some videos from the Bahamas. We object to the conflation of “environmental decline” with “climate change.” And we discuss curly haired “woolly dogs” of the Pacific Northwest, who were bred and cared for by the Coast Salish people, but are now extinct. ***** Our sponsors: Mindbloom: at-home ketamine therapy. Use code DARKHORSE at www.Mindbloom.com to receive $100 off your first six session program. MDHearing: Use promo code DARKHORSE to receive a pair of high-quality hearing aids for only $297. https://www.mdhearingaid.com Sundays: Dog food so tasty and healthy, even husbands swear by it. Go to www.sundaysfordogs.com/DARKHORSE to receive 35% off your first order. ***** Join us on Locals! Get access to our Discord server, exclusive live streams, live chats for all streams, and early access to many podcasts: https://darkhorse.locals.com/ Heather’s newsletter, Natural Selections (subscribe to get free weekly essays in your inbox): https://naturalselections.substack.com Our book, A Hunter-Gatherer’s Guide to the 21st Century, is available everywhere books are sold, including from Amazon: https://a.co/d/dunx3at Check out our store! Epic tabby, digital book burning, saddle up the dire wolves, and more: https://darkhorsestore.org ***** Q&A Link: https://rumble.com/v43tubf-your-questions-answered-bret-and-heather-205th-darkhorse-podcast-livestream.html Mentioned in this episode: How the sun could wipe us out: A burst of plasma would set in motion a devastating cascade of failures (Weinstein 2021): https://unherd.com/2021/07/how-the-sun-could-wipe-us-out/ In want of a geologist: When "parrotfish" isn't a complete answer to where the land came from (Heying 2022): https://naturalselections.substack.com/p/in-want-of-a-geologist Curly haired ‘woolly dogs’ of the Pacific Northwest were no myth: https://www.science.org/content/article/curly-haired-woolly-dogs-pacific-northwest-were-no-myth Lin et al 2023. The history of Coast Salish “woolly dogs” revealed by ancient genomics and Indigenous Knowledge. Science, 382(6676): 1303-1308: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adi6549 Support the show

Martin Agegian is 100 years old at the time of recording. He served in World War II as a B17 Pilot, and has stories from a life full of wisdom and intrigue. Bret and he discuss his life on the DarkHorse Podcast. Buy Martin’s book: https://www.amazon.com/God-Bless-Amerika-Martin-Agegian/dp/0692435530 ***** Find Bret Weinstein on Twitter: @BretWeinstein, and on Patreon.  Please subscribe to this channel for more long form content like this, and subscribe to the clips channel @DarkHorse Podcast Clips for short clips of all our podcasts.  Check out the DHP store! Epic tabby, digital book burning, saddle up the dire wolves, and more: https://www.darkhorsestore.org/ Theme Music: Thank you to Martin Molin of Wintergatan for providing us the rights to use their excellent music. Support the show

In this 204th in a series of live discussions with Bret Weinstein and Heather Heying (both PhDs in Biology), we discuss the state of the world through an evolutionary lens. In this episode, we discuss science and faith, in the context of the recent court ruling that will keep Trump off the ballot in Colorado. We discuss failure modes, which include, yes, faith, and science, and falsificationism, and rationality, and more. All of these are useful in some contexts, some much more than others, but none are sufficient. What, in the end, are scientists doing, and what are people doing in the name of science? Also: the solstice, and a reading from Dickens’ A Christmas Carol. ***** Our sponsors: American Hartford Gold: Get up to $5,000 of free silver on your first qualifying order. Call 866-828-1117 or text “DARKHORSE” to 998899. The Wellness Company: Services and supplements including Spike Support Formula, for vaccine injuries and long Covid. Go to twc.health/DARKHORSE to save 15% of your order. Seed: Start a new healthy habit today with Seed probiotics. Use code darkhorse at https://seed.com/darkhorse to get 25% off your first month of Seed's DS-01® Daily Synbiotic. ***** Join us on Locals! Get access to our Discord server, exclusive live streams, live chats for all streams, and early access to many podcasts: https://darkhorse.locals.com/ Heather’s newsletter, Natural Selections (subscribe to get free weekly essays in your inbox): https://naturalselections.substack.com Our book, A Hunter-Gatherer’s Guide to the 21st Century, is available everywhere books are sold, including from Amazon: https://a.co/d/dunx3at Check out our store! Epic tabby, digital book burning, saddle up the dire wolves, and more: https://darkhorsestore.org ***** Mentioned in this episode: Dr. Timothy Kelly on changing beliefs: https://x.com/drtimothykelly/status/1700773378875887943   Alexandros Marinos on maintaining multiple hypotheses at a time: https://x.com/alexandrosM/status/1700466475616829845   Isaac Asimov (maybe) thinking on scientific discovery: https://quoteinvestigator.com/2015/03/02/eureka-funny/   Charles Dickens’ A Christmas Carol: https://www.gutenberg.org/files/46/46-h/46-h.htm Support the show