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A young company pushing to re-invent deep sea exploration with an initial focus on opening up tourism to the wreck of the Titanic, OceanGate garnered the fascination of many around the world. With a different approach to their hull design they forged ahead despite many warnings from experts in the field, concerned about their design decisions and materials choices. When the submersible imploded killing all five aboard including the company CEO, the experts were only surprised about how OceanGate had got as far as they had...before it all went horribly wrong.With John Chidgey.Formal Reports: NTSB Final Report (PDF) US Coast Guard Marine Board of Investigation Final Report (PDF) General Information: OceanGate Titan Submersible Implosion Antipodes Oceangate Cyclops 1 (PDF) OceanGate founder looks beyond Titanic to new deep-sea frontiers The Titan Tragedy: A Deep Dive Into Carbon Fiber Support Causality on PatreonEpisode Gold Producers: 'r', Steven Bridle, Kellen Frodelius-Fujimoto and Steve Branam.Episode Silver Producers: Mitch Biegler, Shane O'Neill, Jared Roman, Katharina Will, Chad Juehring, Ian Gallagher and Jamie Russell.

A young company pushing to re-invent deep sea exploration with an initial focus on opening up tourism to the wreck of the Titanic, OceanGate garnered the fascination of many around the world. With a different approach to their hull design they forged ahead despite many warnings from experts in the field, concerned about their design decisions and materials choices. When the submersible imploded killing all five aboard including the company CEO, the experts were only surprised about how OceanGate had got as far as they had…before it all went horribly wrong.

Planned for nearly a century, when the time came to build a permanent link across the Lower Yarra River, a relatively new style of bridge, the box-girder, was chosen. Using new computer technology assisting the engineers to design a bridge that was too complex to calculate by hand, and using a unique lifting strategy promised time and cost savings. Ultimately though when the pieces didn't fit together in the air, their attempts to make them fit, didn't work. We dive into what went wrong on Australia's largest ever industrial disaster.With John Chidgey.Formal Report: Victorian Royal Commission Report (PDF) Milford Haven Incident: Cleddau Bridge disaster General Information: Kentledge West Gate Tunnel Slide rule Box girder bridge Cleddau Bridge Widening the West Gate Freeway Melbourne October 15 Weather The West Gate Bridge Memorial Robbo Bennett’s Tribute How the West Gate Bridge collapse changed Melbourne 1970 West Gate Bridge Disaster West Gate Bridge Image Gallery The West Gate Bridge Collapse West Gate Bridge Under Construction, 1969 Support Causality on PatreonEpisode Gold Producers: 'r', Steven Bridle, Kellen Frodelius-Fujimoto and Steve Branam.Episode Silver Producers: Mitch Biegler, Shane O'Neill, Jared Roman, Katharina Will, Chad Juehring, Ian Gallagher and Jamie Russell.

To celebrate the 10th Anniversary of the show, I'm looking inward and pose the question of what went wrong...with Causality? I cover the mistakes I've made, how I've balanced quality and time and the key, common learnings from making Causality. This is a special episode open ONLY to Patrons and Subscribers, as a thank you to you all for your on-going support. Here's to another 10 years of Causality ☺️

A leaking flexible pipe started a fire in the Engine Room aboard the Carnival Triumph during its return journey from Mexico in early 2013. The fire caused minor damage in one, very important section of the Engine Room leading to a total loss of Mains Power. With only intermittent Emergency Power and over 4,000 people on board the ship drifted with the currents before it was tugged finally to safety. The Netflix Documentary 'Poop Cruise' looked at the human consequences...we dive into the engineering design that was inherently flawed from Day One.With John Chidgey.Formal Report: BMA Investigation Report (PDF) News Releases and Articles: Carnival Cruises issues statement Carnival Triumph set sail with problems Stricken cruise ship docks How Poop Cruise Crisis Reshaped Cruising General Information: Trainwreck Poop Cruise (Netflix) Failure Domain Cruise Lines International Association Understanding Cruise Passenger Rights Support Causality on PatreonEpisode Gold Producers: 'r', Steven Bridle, Kellen Frodelius-Fujimoto and Steve Branam.Episode Silver Producers: Mitch Biegler, Shane O'Neill, Jared Roman, Katharina Will, Chad Juehring, Ian Gallagher and Jamie Russell.

After an extended outage of the Methomyl Unit at the Bayer facility in Institute, West Virginia, the decision was made to commence a restart of the Unit even though the DCS upgrade was still incomplete and the newly replaced Residue Treater hadn't been fully recommissioned. An incident whose root cause was years in the making would ultimately cost two people their lives.With John Chidgey.Related Episodes: Causality Episode 26: Bhopal Formal Reports: Bayer CropScience Pesticide Waste Tank Explosion CSB Final Report (PDF) CSB Final Report News Release CSB Hearing Testimony (PDF) Public Meeting Transcript News Releases and Articles: Lawsuit links student’s death to ‘08 Bayer explosion Bayer Settles 2008 Fatal Plant Explosion Lawsuit Bayer cited, fined in fatal explosion at plant in August General Information: Bayer Insecticide Ovicide Organising for Safety: How Structure Creates Culture Support Causality on PatreonEpisode Gold Producers: 'r', Steven Bridle and Kellen Frodelius-Fujimoto.Episode Silver Producers: Mitch Biegler, Shane O'Neill, Jared Roman, Katharina Will, Chad Juehring, Ian Gallagher and Jamie Russell.

Causality Explored Bonus: We dive into how HMI Display counts should be designed and thus how HMI Graphics should be layered to fit within human limitations.

In the early hours of the evening on the 17th of April, 2013 in the small city of West, Texas...smoke was seen emanating from the West Fertilizer Company building. In 20 minutes there was a massive explosion that levelled the facility and its surroundings, killing 15 people and injuring hundreds more. How this came to be, represented a failure of regulations, planning and grandfathering on every level.With John Chidgey.Related Episodes: Causality Episode 44: Warehouse 12 Formal Reports: Preliminary Findings Chemical Safety Board (PDF) Final Chemical Safety Board Report (PDF) West Fertilizer Explosion and Fire CSB releases final report on West, TX blast News Releases and Articles: Fire that led to Texas fertilizer-plant explosion was deliberately set West Texas Plant Explosion Regulations: Code of Practice: Safe storage of Solid Ammonium Nitrate (PDF) General Information: West Fertilizer Company Explosion West, Texas Polyolefin Asphalt Shingle Ammonium nitrate | H3N.HNO3 | CID 22985 - PubChem This Month in Fire History: April 2024 City of West to Receive $10.4 Million in Lawsuit Settlement Support Causality on PatreonEpisode Gold Producers: 'r', Steven Bridle and Kellen Frodelius-Fujimoto.Episode Silver Producers: Mitch Biegler, Shane O'Neill, Jared Roman, Katharina Will, Chad Juehring, Ian Gallagher and Jamie Russell.

On Valentines Day in 1981 in the North of Dublin, Ireland a fire broke out in a nightclub just following a Disco Dancing competition. We look at how measures taken to prevent illegal entry and poor building material choices cost 48 young people their lives.With John Chidgey.Related Episodes: Causality Episode 43: Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Formal Reports: Report of the Stardust Victims’ Compensation Tribunal (PDF) Report of the Tribunal of Inquiry on the fire at the Stardust News Releases and Articles: Stardust: A timeline of the Tribunals, reports and inquests that led to this week’s verdict Stardust: Apology call after nightclub fire deaths verdict Stardust fire inquest of ‘paramount importance’ A grim uncertainty that haunts Stardust families Stardust: Apology call after nightclub fire deaths verdict How Did The Stardust Fire Start? Stardust 30 Years On Stardust Verdict How tragedy unfolded at a Valentine’s disco Irish government makes official apology The night that started like any other Law Society of Ireland Gazette Stardust nightclub was pretty horrendous fire risk Regulations: Fire Services Act, 1981, Section 37 The Public Dance Halls Act, 1935 on JSTOR General Information: Dublin Corporation Stardust Fire A History of the Fire Service in Ireland Support Causality on PatreonEpisode Gold Producers: 'r', Steven Bridle and Kellen Frodelius-Fujimoto.Episode Silver Producers: Mitch Biegler, Shane O'Neill, Jared Roman, Katharina Will, Chad Juehring and Ian Gallagher.With thanks to Aileen Brennan for the topic suggestion.

On the 20th of September, 2022 at the BP Husky Toledo refinery in Ohio, a level transmitter change out from a month prior triggered a chain of events that would cost two operators their lives. We look at how poor Management of Change, high alarm rates and a resistance to stopping the job, let a plant upset turn into a disaster.With John Chidgey.Formal Report: U.S. Chemical Safety Board Issues Final Report into Fatal 2022 Fire at BP-Husky Refinery Fatal Naphtha Release and Fire at BP-Husky Toledo Refinery (PDF) CSB June 2023 Investigation Update (PDF) CSB Comments on the OSHA September 20, 2022, Federal Register Notice (PDF) News Releases and Articles: BP Faces $156K OSHA Fine in Refinery Explosion BP accused of serious violations after fatal blast at US refinery General Information: Naphtha What You Need to Know About California’s PSM Regulation for Refinery Safety OSHA Penalties Support Causality on PatreonEpisode Gold Producers: 'r', Steven Bridle and Kellen Frodelius-Fujimoto.Episode Silver Producers: Mitch Biegler, Shane O'Neill, Jared Roman, Katharina Will, Chad Juehring and Ian Gallagher.

On Friday the 19th of July, 2024 millions of CrowdStrike Falcon Agents the world over would lead to a Windows system crash on business machines throwing parts of the world into chaos. We look into exactly what caused it and how complacency and a lack of understanding amplified the effect of this wholly preventable incident.With John Chidgey.About Causality (TV): Introducing Causality TV Causality TV Episode 1: CrowdStrike (Video Release) Formal Report: Falcon Content Update Preliminary Post Incident Report Channel File 291 Incident Root Cause Analysis (PDF) News Releases and Articles: CrowdStrike releases root cause analysis of the global Microsoft breakdown CrowdStrike Senior Executive Adam Meyers faces CyberSecurity Committee CrowdStrike exec apologises before US Congress for software glitch behind July global outage | Reuters 1 In 10 Orgs Dumping Their Security Vendors After CrowdStrike Outage General Information: CrowdStrike 2024 CrowdStrike incident What is CrowdStrike? Falcon Content Update Remediation and Guidance Hub Antivirus XML Configuration File for CrowdStrike Falcon Sensor Named Pipes Pipes (Interprocess Communications) Wildcard character Support Causality on PatreonEpisode Gold Producers: 'r', Steven Bridle and Kellen Frodelius-Fujimoto.Episode Silver Producers: Mitch Biegler, Shane O'Neill, Jared Roman, Katharina Will, Chad Juehring and Ian Gallagher.

In 2017 during an Odoriser decontamination procedure in West Virginia, two people were killed when it unexpectedly exploded. Barely a month later, a similar procedure at the same site led to a second explosion, killing someone else. We examine how poor hazard analysis and legal interference led to yet another fatality...right in front of the eyes of the investigators on site.With John Chidgey.Formal Report: Midland Resource Recovery Explosion Midland Resource Recovery Factual Update (PDF) Improving Reaction Hazard Management (PDF) News Releases and Articles: Chemical Tank Explosion in Barbour County Kills Two Employees Plus One Severely Injured One Dead After Another Explosion at Midland Resource Recovery Midland Resources Recovery Explosion Kills 2, Injures 1 McDonald Volunteer Fire Chief Laid To Rest After W.Va. Explosion Widow Blames Natural Gas Odorization Company for Husband’s Death CSB releases final report on explosions at Midland Resource Recovery Facility Midland Resource Recovery Explosion 2017 Second Fatal Explosion at Midland Resources Recovery General Information: About Midland Resource Recovery The Growing Importance of Mercaptans Sodium Hypochlorite (PDF) Principles of Natural Gas Odorization (PDF) Attorney-Work Product Privilege Support Causality on PatreonEpisode Gold Producers: 'r', Steven Bridle and Kellen Frodelius-Fujimoto.Episode Silver Producers: Mitch Biegler, Shane O'Neill, Lesley, Jared Roman, Katharina Will, Chad Juehring and Ian Gallagher.

In 2021 the Callide C Power Station experienced a unit failure that tore the turbine-generator apart, resulted in hundreds of thousands of premises losing power, and cost hundreds of millions to repair. We look at how design errors and ultimately a lack of information led to the incident escalating out of control, when it could have been recovered.With John Chidgey.Formal Reports: Callide Unit C4 Turbine Generator Failure 25 May 2021 (PDF) Animation of the Callide Unit C4 incident Trip of multiple generators and lines in Central Queensland and associated under-frequency load shedding on 25 May 2021 (PDF) News Releases and Articles: CS Energy releases report into 2021 Callide C4 Unit Failure CS Energy releases technical report into 2021 Unit C4 incident Dr Sean Brady to lead independent investigation into Callide incident Battery failure led to power plant mass outage Both units trip at Callide C on Wednesday 13th January 2021 Statement regarding IG Power Intergen voluntary administration Report says Callide C4 incident “could not have been anticipated” Callide explosion blamed on battery charger failure Callide Power Trading taken to court over system failure CS Energy says insurers won’t agree to $300m claim over power station Jim Soorley stands down from CS Energy CS Energy Post about Incident on LinkedIn Super-Critical Boilers: Super-Critical Boiler Technology (PDF) Supercritical Fluids Supercritical Coal Plants Electrical Engineering References: Hydrogen-cooled Turbo Generator Reverse Active Power Protection (ANSI 32P) Court Action: Alleged failure to obtain regulatory approval to operate a generating system Notice of Filing: Australian Energy Regulator v Callide Power Trading Pty Ltd (PDF) Coal generator to face court over blackouts caused by catastrophic explosion General Information: Callide Power Station Stanwell Power Station Tarong Power Station Callide Power Station CS Energy: Water Management NOTE: Minor Corrections in audio updated: 31st March, 2024 Support Causality on PatreonEpisode Gold Producers: 'r' and Steven Bridle.Episode Silver Producers: Mitch Biegler, Shane O'Neill, Lesley, Jared Roman, Joel Maher, Katharina Will, Chad Juehring, Kellen Frodelius-Fujimoto and Ian Gallagher.

In 2021 many of Colonial Pipelines IT systems were locked by malware and out of caution they shutdown the fuel pipelines feeding nearly half of the Eastern US leading to chaos at the gas pump and a state of emergency being declared. We look at how poor off-boarding hygiene led to an easily preventable cyber-attack.With John Chidgey.Hearing: Hearing Before the Committee on Homeland Security House of Representatives Transcript Threats to Critical Infrastructure: Examining the Colonial Pipeline Cyber-Attack (PDF) Charles Carmakal Statement from Hearing (PDF) General Information: Colonial Pipeline Colonial Pipeline Ransomware Attack How Three Major Cyber Attacks Could Have Been Prevented What IT security teams can learn from the Colonial Pipeline Evolution of the Chief Information Security Officer US Fuel Pipeline Hackers Statement DarkSide DarkSide Leaks Press Center (X) DarkSide Ransomware Gang Behind Pipeline Hack Quits TSA Renews Cyber-Security Guidelines for Pipelines DHS Announces New Cybersecurity Requirements for Critical Pipeline Owners and Operators Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration Emergency Declaration for 17 States Support Causality on PatreonEpisode Gold Producers: 'r' and Steven Bridle.Episode Silver Producers: Mitch Biegler, Shane O'Neill, Lesley, Jared Roman, Joel Maher, Katharina Will, Chad Juehring, Dave Jones, Kellen Frodelius-Fujimoto and Ian Gallagher.

The I35W bridge over the Mississippi River carried 140,000 cars every day. Inspections in 1999 and 2003 showed damage to support plates that was dismissed as unimportant at the time. We look into how poor design checking and assumptions led to the bridge collapsing in 2007, costing the lives of 13 people.With John Chidgey.This show is Podcasting 2.0 Enhanced Only a Handful of T-Shirts Left! Reports: Collapse of I-35W Highway Bridge Minneapolis, Minnesota August 1, 2007 (PDF) General Information: I-35W Mississippi River bridge URS Corporation Sverdrup & Parcel Gusset Plate Articles: Design errors factor in 2007 bridge collapse NTSB releases final report Despite final NTSB report, some still have questions Videos: Inside a Catastrophic Minneapolis Bridge Collapse (YouTube) Litigation: NTSB is wrong about cause of bridge collapse Last Minneapolis Bridge Collapse Lawsuit Settled For $52.4 Million Support Causality on PatreonEpisode Gold Producers: 'r' and Steven Bridle.Episode Silver Producers: Mitch Biegler, Shane O'Neill, Lesley, Jared Roman, Joel Maher, Katharina Will, Chad Juehring, Dave Jones and Kellen Frodelius-Fujimoto.With thanks to Joe Stariha for the topic suggestion.