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Professor Kate Sanders has built her career trying to understand one of the ocean’s most fascinating and misunderstood groups of animals: sea snakes. Based at Adelaide University, Kate’s research explores their evolution, diversity, sensory biology and conservation, helping uncover how snakes made the extraordinary transition from life on land to becoming fully marine predators. Sea snakes evolved relatively recently, yet have developed an incredible suite of adaptations for life underwater. Kurt and Kate explore how they breathe, dive, hunt, reproduce and experience their underwater environment, including their elongated lungs, ability to absorb some oxygen through their skin and the sensory systems that allow them to detect the world around them. The conversation also dives into some of the stranger sides of sea snake biology, from species with highly specialised diets to snakes living and hunting at surprising depths, and how quickly evolutionary changes can occur. But there is also a worrying side to the story. Some sea snake populations have disappeared from places where they were once abundant. Kate discusses the unexplained declines at locations such as Ashmore Reef, the critically endangered short-nosed sea snake, fisheries bycatch, climate pressures and why simply finding and monitoring these animals can be so difficult. They also explore new tools such as environmental DNA, and what sea snake evolution might teach us about how species respond to a rapidly changing ocean. For an animal often reduced to little more than its venom, sea snakes have an extraordinary evolutionary story that we are still only beginning to understand. Host: Kurt Krispyn Guest: Professor Kate Sanders, Adelaide University Podcast: Paramount Importance If you enjoyed the conversation, like the video, subscribe to Paramount Importance and turn on notifications for future episodes.

Dr Stephanie Mason is an evolutionary biologist at The University of Western Australia researching how magpies learn to communicate, and what their calls could reveal about the evolution of human language. Her field research followed 11 young magpies over 200 days, tracking how their social relationships shape the development of complex call sequences. She joins Kurt Krispyn to explore magpie alarm calls, neighbourhood “dialects”, lifelong vocal learning and the difference between birdsong and meaningful communication. How do young magpies learn to combine sounds? Why do neighbouring groups communicate differently? And what can a magpie that laughs like a toddler teach us about vocal learning? From surprising mating behaviour to the reasons behind swooping, this conversation offers a fascinating look at an Australian icon hiding in plain sight. Hear examples of their calls, learn how researchers investigate their meaning, and discover what we still haven’t decoded. Host: Kurt Krispyn Guest: Dr Stephanie Mason, The University of Western Australia Podcast: Paramount Importance Like the video and subscribe to Paramount Importance for more conversations exploring science and the natural world.

Dr Damian Thomson from CSIRO has been working on reef systems at Nyinggulu since 2007, giving him a powerful long-term view of what has changed, what has been lost, and what still may be possible for Western Australia’s coral reefs. Joining him is Dr Jenny Shaw from the Western Australian Marine Science Institution, who helps take us behind the scenes of the WA Reef Regen Program — a major new effort to support coral and reef regeneration along the Western Australian coastline. After the devastating 2024–25 marine heatwave and coral bleaching event at Nyinggulu, scientists, Traditional Owners, government, philanthropic partners and local communities came together to trial reef regeneration across coral spawning events in Exmouth and Coral Bay. This conversation explores what actually happens when corals bleach, why reefs are so important for biodiversity, coastlines, fisheries, tourism and culture, how baby corals can “swim” and choose where to settle, and what it takes to attempt reef regeneration while dealing with cyclones, closed roads, difficult logistics and a very small biological window. It is a powerful conversation about science, urgency, collaboration and realistic hope for the future of Western Australia’s coral reefs. Host: Kurt Krispyn Guest: Dr Jenny Shaw, Western Australian Marine Science Institution Guest: Dr Damian Thomson, CSIRO Podcast: Paramount Importance If you enjoyed this conversation, please like, subscribe and hit the bell to support more long-form science conversations.

Professor Jessica Meeuwig AM is one of Australia’s most important voices in ocean conservation. Recently appointed a Member of the Order of Australia for her significant service to marine conservation and research, Jessica is the inaugural Wen Family Chair in Conservation at The University of Western Australia and Director of the Marine Futures Lab. Her work has helped pioneer the global use of midwater BRUVS, baited remote underwater video systems used to study life in the “big blue”. This is the vast open ocean that covers most of our planet, but remains hidden from view. Through this work, Jessica and her team have transformed how scientists count, measure and understand open-ocean wildlife, from sharks and tuna to the smaller pelagic species often missed by traditional fisheries data. In this episode of Paramount Importance, Kurt Krispyn sits down with Jessica to explore why the open ocean matters to all of us, how scientists study wildlife in one of the hardest places on Earth to monitor, and what that research can tell us about sharks, tuna, fisheries, shifting baselines and marine parks. This is a powerful conversation about the hidden life of the open ocean, the difference between real protection and “paper parks”, and why the ocean still has an extraordinary ability to heal if we give it the space to do so.

Dr Naima Andrea López is a Postdoctoral Research Fellow with the Marine Futures Lab at The University of Western Australia and a shark researcher specialising in the ecology and conservation of hammerhead sharks. Her research led to the identification of Australia’s southernmost known recurrent aggregation of critically endangered scalloped hammerhead sharks, found remarkably far south in Perth’s metropolitan waters. Using drones as a non-invasive way to study these animals, Andrea has spent years investigating when they arrive, why they gather and what their presence in southern waters could tell us about a changing ocean. She also leads Hammerhead Hub, a citizen science initiative connecting fishers, divers, drone pilots and other ocean users directly with hammerhead shark research. In Episode 51 of Paramount Importance, Kurt Krispyn sits down with Andrea to explore the remarkable biology and conservation of hammerhead sharks. They discuss why hammerheads evolved their distinctive head shape, how scalloped hammerheads can dive beyond 1,000 metres and effectively “free dive” into cold, deep water, and why groups of juvenile scalloped hammerheads are now repeatedly aggregating off Perth. Andrea also explains the evidence behind their southward range shift, why these coastal aggregation sites may be important for the species, and why numbers at known locations appear to be declining. The conversation explores fishing pressure, marine protected areas, gaps in species-specific catch data, the ecological role of large sharks, and the striking reality that scalloped hammerheads are critically endangered globally yet can still legally be caught in Western Australia.

Professor Nicki Mitchell is one of Australia’s leading experts on how threatened wildlife can survive a rapidly changing climate. A zoologist and ecophysiologist, Nicki is a Professor in UWA’s School of Biological Sciences, Deputy Director of the UWA Oceans Institute and Lead Councillor of the Biodiversity Council. For eight years, she served on Australia’s Commonwealth Threatened Species Scientific Committee, helping assess which species, ecological communities and threatening processes required recognition under national environmental law. Her pioneering research into assisted colonisation has attracted international attention, including coverage in Nature and The New York Times. She also leads a project believed to be the first in the world to trial moving a threatened vertebrate into new habitat specifically because of climate change. In Episode 50 of Paramount Importance, Kurt Krispyn sits down with Nicki to explore a remarkable career spanning some of the world’s most unusual and vulnerable animals. The conversation begins with the tuatara, New Zealand’s extraordinary reptile that can live for more than a century and represents the sole surviving lineage of an ancient group that once lived alongside the dinosaurs. Nicki explains how warmer nests produce males, why females in one isolated population reproduce only around once every nine years, and how climate change could push the population into an extinction vortex. They explore how species are classified as threatened, what legal protection actually means and why many declining animals remain unlisted simply because scientists do not have enough data. The conversation then turns to one of conservation’s most difficult questions. How far should humans intervene to prevent extinction? From cooling nests and incubating reptile eggs to moving entire populations towards safer climates, Nicki explains the science, risks and ethics of assisted colonisation. This includes her groundbreaking work trialling new habitats for the Critically Endangered Western Swamp Turtle. Nicki also shares the remarkable beginning of her scientific career, researching a newly discovered Tasmanian moss frog whose enormous eggs develop inside moss for up to 14 months. From tuatara and sea turtles to frogs, threatened species policy and world first conservation trials, this episode explores what saving wildlife may require when protecting its existing habitat is no longer enough.

Dr Daniel Jan Martin is an award-winning environmental planner and designer working at the intersection of conservation, landscape architecture and urban ecology. As Lecturer and Co-Head of Landscape Architecture at The University of Western Australia, Daniel is helping reshape how we think about cities—not as places separate from nature, but as living systems connected through water, vegetation, wildlife and people. In this episode of Paramount Importance, Kurt Krispyn speaks with Daniel about why Perth has become one of the world’s most sprawling cities, how poor planning is creating hotter and less liveable suburbs, and why access to trees and nature is becoming an issue of social and climate inequality. They explore the extraordinary aquifers hidden beneath Perth, the importance of wildlife corridors, the environmental cost of clearing Banksia woodland, and how smaller homes, greater urban density and better-designed neighbourhoods could help address both the housing and biodiversity crises. Daniel also explains why planners must move beyond rigid boundaries, learn from Noongar knowledge and design cities for ecosystems, communities and generations that may not exist for another century. Can a growing city provide more housing without destroying the nature that makes it liveable? Daniel believes it can—but only if we begin planning for the future rather than the next development.

Dr Amanda Ash is one of the people you want explaining parasites. A Senior Lecturer in Parasitology at Murdoch University and a parasitologist with the Harry Butler Institute, Amanda has spent her career studying how parasites move between wildlife, livestock, companion animals and humans. Her research has taken her from African painted dogs and giraffes to remote communities in Laos, where she has worked on One Health approaches to control parasites that affect both people and animals. In this episode of Paramount Importance, Kurt Krispyn sits down with Amanda to explore the strange, complex and often misunderstood world of human parasites and pathogens. They discuss zoonotic disease, Giardia, Cryptosporidium, pork tapeworm, parasite life cycles, wildlife conservation, contaminated water, One Health, and why parasites are not always the villains we think they are. This is a fascinating conversation with a scientist who has spent years chasing parasites across species, ecosystems and countries — and it might completely change the way you think about the organisms living around us, inside us and between us.

When it comes to Australia’s native bees, few people have done more to bring them into the public eye than Dr Kit Prendergast. In this episode of Paramount Importance, Kurt is joined by Dr Kit Prendergast, a native bee scientist, conservation biologist, author, taxonomist and award-winning science communicator. Kit has dedicated her career to discovering, describing and protecting Australia’s native bees, while helping shift the national conversation beyond honeybees and toward the incredible diversity of wild native pollinators living in our gardens, bushland and cities. This conversation dives into the hidden world of native bees, from cuckoo bees that steal nests, to buzz pollination, bee hotels, native gardens, honeybee misconceptions and the urgent need to protect overlooked species. Kit brings a rare mix of deep scientific knowledge, passion and storytelling that will make you see your own backyard completely differently.

In this episode, I sit down with Ursula Rodrigues, a fire ecologist whose PhD research explores the intersection of Western ecological science and Indigenous knowledge systems. Through close collaboration with Noongar Elders, families, and land caretakers, Ursula has helped advance a two-way learning approach to cultural fire management, using methods such as ecological monitoring, mapping, and yarning to build a deeper understanding of how people can care for Country.    Together, we explore the ancient role of fire in Australian landscapes, how native plants have adapted to fire over millions of years, and how cultural burning practices differ from modern prescribed burning. We discuss the incredible complexity of Indigenous fire knowledge, from reading seasonal cues and individual plant needs to making place-based decisions that consider animals, people, and entire ecosystems. We also unpack the challenges of restoring cultural fire practices, the importance of collaboration between Indigenous communities and scientists, and what the future of fire management might look like in a changing world.

At just 18 years old, Michael Lun has already established himself as one of Western Australia’s most knowledgeable peacock spider enthusiasts. Through countless hours of fieldwork, wildlife photography, and species surveys, Michael has documented rare and elusive peacock spiders, contributed to the rediscovery of species believed to be extinct, and earned recognition from researchers working in the field. His expertise has opened doors to potential international research collaborations and opportunities to contribute to formal scientific projects, a remarkable achievement for someone so early in their career. We explore the fascinating world of peacock spiders, from their dazzling colours, unique vision, and intricate courtship dances to the challenges of finding species that may only be visible for a few weeks each year. We discuss wildlife photography, conservation, habitat loss, species rediscoveries, the mysteries of spider behaviour, and the dedication required to study some of Australia’s smallest and most charismatic animals. Along the way, Michael shares stories from remote field expeditions, explains how he tracks spiders in the wild, and reveals why these tiny arachnids continue to captivate scientists and nature lovers alike.

Professor Judy Shamoun-Baranes is a world-leading aeroecologist and Professor of Animal Movement Ecology at the University of Amsterdam, where she leads research into how animals move through one of Earth’s least visible habitats: the air. Her work sits at the intersection of ecology, meteorology, technology and conservation, using tools such as GPS tracking, accelerometers, weather radar and predictive modelling to understand how birds, bats and insects move through the atmosphere. Aeroecology is the study of life in the air. It looks at how animals use the aerial environment, how weather shapes their movement, how species interact while flying, and how human activities such as aviation, drones, skyscrapers and wind farms are changing the sky they depend on. In other words, the air is not empty space, it is habitat. In this episode of Paramount Importance, we explore the hidden world above us: how weather radar can detect bird migration, why tiny birds make extraordinary weather decisions before crossing oceans, how wind farms can affect aerial wildlife, and why understanding animal movement is essential for conservation, renewable energy planning and aviation safety. This conversation will change the way you look at the sky. This episode is sponsored by the Harry Butler Institute at Murdoch University

Professor Tobias Strunk and Professor Andrew Currie are world-leading researchers in neonatal medicine and immunology, working at the forefront of one of the most critical and underexplored areas of science—how we protect the most vulnerable humans on the planet in their first moments of life. Combining clinical expertise in newborn intensive care with cutting-edge immunological research, their work focuses on understanding and preventing life-threatening infections in preterm infants. Together, they are tackling one of medicine’s greatest challenges: newborn sepsis—a condition that remains a leading cause of death globally, yet is still poorly understood and incredibly difficult to diagnose. From uncovering how the immune system develops in the earliest weeks of life, to running large-scale international clinical trials, their research is not only advancing fundamental science but actively reshaping how neonatal care is delivered around the world. In this episode, Kurt sits down with Professors Strunk and Currie to explore the science behind newborn survival, the global scale of preterm birth, and the groundbreaking work being done to improve outcomes—from innovative therapies to surprisingly simple solutions like coconut oil skincare. This is a powerful conversation that goes beyond medicine, revealing how science, persistence, and bold thinking are driving real change where it matters most.

Professor Navid Moheimani is a leading algal biotechnologist at Murdoch University and a global authority on microalgae, working at the forefront of sustainable innovation across energy, agriculture, and environmental management. His research explores how some of the smallest organisms on Earth, algae, can solve some of our biggest challenges, from producing oxygen and biofuels to transforming waste into valuable resources.  Through pioneering work in algal cultivation and large-scale applications, Professor Moheimani is redefining how we view waste, developing “waste-to-profit” systems that convert agricultural and organic waste into renewable energy, high-protein biomass, and sustainable products. His research spans everything from wastewater treatment and carbon capture to the future of biofuels, bioplastics, and even algae-powered infrastructure.  By combining cutting-edge science with real-world application, his work sits at the intersection of climate solutions, food security, and circular economies, positioning algae as one of the most powerful and overlooked tools for building a more sustainable future.

In this episode, we’re joined by Dr Rochelle Steven, Lecturer in Environmental and Conservation Science at Murdoch University, one of Australia’s leading conservation scientists working at the intersection of avian ecology, biodiversity, citizen science, and human–wildlife interactions.  Before joining Murdoch, Rochelle held a series of highly respected roles across Australia’s conservation sector, including Species Conservation Project Coordinator at WWF-Australia, where she worked on threatened species management and community-led conservation, as well as a postdoctoral research role with the University of Queensland’s Threatened Species Recovery Hub, focused on citizen science and species recovery. With a PhD in bird conservation and a career spanning academia, conservation policy, and public engagement, Rochelle brings extraordinary insight into the science of birds, ecotourism, and the human behaviours shaping our natural world. From the decline of migratory shorebirds and the power of citizen science, to the hidden impacts of recreation on wildlife and the ethics of conservation, this is a powerful conversation with one of the country’s most respected voices in environmental science.