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Is the lithium market approaching a bottom before its next major rally? In this Rock Stock Recap, Commodity consultant Chris Robb joins Howard Klein and Matt Fernley to discuss the lithium price outlook, falling lithium stocks, supply-demand fundamentals, and whether investors should be preparing for a potential rebound. Chris explains why he's turning more bullish on lithium, what could trigger the next rally in lithium equities, and why 2027 could bring significant supply challenges. The discussion also covers GFEX futures, lithium project economics, DLE, copper valuations, and the broader critical minerals bull cycle. Register for Conferences: Fastmarkets (Texas) https://www.fastmarkets.com/events/fastmarkets-texas-lithium-market-briefing/ Fastmarkets (DC) https://www.fastmarkets.com/events/fastmarkets-critical-minerals-and-materials-briefing-2026/ CRU (DC) https://energysecurity.events.crugroup.com/ Follow Chris Robb: LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/in/chris-robb-b88102169/ Our Socials: X (Howard) - https://x.com/LithiumIonBull X (Matt) - https://x.com/matt_fernley ___ Chapters (00:00) Albemarle earnings and the lithium backdrop (05:30) Is Chris bullish or bearish on lithium? (06:48) The four-part lithium price wheel (08:58) Incentive prices, project by project (12:56) Does the market 'need' new supply? (16:33) Cash costs and the price floor (20:15) Oversupplied or just lagging? (27:20) Why spodumene fell from $1,900 to $1,250 (32:11) Geopolitics and differentiated pricing (38:52) LME Week takeaways: copper, nickel, aluminium (41:20) A commodity bull cycle and project financing (44:25) Is DLE finally having its moment? (47:23) Midterms: what the blue wave means for miners (50:31) The AI trade, liquidity and the end of meme stocks (56:04) Critical minerals legislation debate Links Sign up for the Lithium-Ion Bull newsletter / Matt’s blogs: https://rkequity.com/ Questions: [email protected] Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/rockstockchannel Podcast   Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/lithium-ion-rocks/id1457969172 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/0KiMIZOPaDg8ENfPJMSINq Follow us on X (Twitter): Howard: https://x.com/LithiumIonBull Matt: https://x.com/matt_fernley Rodney: https://x.com/RodneyHooper13 Ben: https://x.com/benjihammond _________________________________________________ DISCLAIMER NOT INVESTMENT ADVICE. DO YOUR OWN RESEARCH. Howard, Matt, and Rodney are not financial advisors or broker-dealers. This video is provided for informational purposes only and should not be considered investment or financial advice. Please conduct your own independent research and read the disclaimer at the end of the video or on RK Equity’s website: https://www.rkequity.com Intro and outro audio credit: Jamie Klein

Is US Antimony (NYSE: UAMY) the next MP Materials? Gary Evans, Chairman and CEO of US Antimony, joins Howard Klein and Matt Fernley to discuss America's critical minerals supply chain, China's dominance of the antimony market, and the company's $245 million US Department of Defense supply contract. With UAMY shares down roughly 65% from their highs, Gary outlines the company's plans to expand antimony mining and processing, grow its tungsten business, improve margins, and potentially secure billions in future US government contracts. Could US Antimony become America's next critical minerals champion? US Antimony Corporate Presentation: https://usantimony.com/wp-content/uploads/gravity_forms/5-bb2404d2e0871868d6eaff6d8ea5afba/2026/10/USAC_InvestorPresentation_October_2026.pdf Follow US Antimony: LinkedIn (Gary Evans) - https://www.linkedin.com/in/gary-c-evans-5a98811a4/ LinkedIn (Company) - https://www.linkedin.com/company/united-states-antimony-corporation/ X/Twitter (Company) - https://x.com/NYSE_UAMY ___ Chapters (00:00) Why Antimony Matters for Critical Minerals (04:30) Gary Evans' Path From $1,000 to US Antimony (09:19) Antimony Producers, Uses and China's Role (13:20) How China Dominates and US Antimony Integrates (17:58) Inside the $245M Defense Logistics Contract (20:25) Commercial Customers and the 2027 US Sourcing Order (22:01) Antimony Price Swings and Contract Margins (24:07) Defense Multiple vs. Commodity Price Risk (28:38) Why Ex-China Antimony Prices Collapsed (31:29) Hydromet Joint Venture Targets 1,000 Tons Monthly (34:16) Tungsten and Nolan Creek Expansion (37:33) Why the Stock Fell Despite Growth (42:03) Thin Margins and the Case for Government Backing (49:50) Skills Shortage and Bringing Young Talent In Links Sign up for the Lithium-Ion Bull newsletter / Matt’s blogs: https://rkequity.com/ Questions: [email protected] Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/rockstockchannel Podcast   Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/lithium-ion-rocks/id1457969172 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/0KiMIZOPaDg8ENfPJMSINq Follow us on X (Twitter): Howard: https://x.com/LithiumIonBull Matt: https://x.com/matt_fernley Rodney: https://x.com/RodneyHooper13 Ben: https://x.com/benjihammond _________________________________________________ DISCLAIMER NOT INVESTMENT ADVICE. DO YOUR OWN RESEARCH. Howard, Matt, and Rodney are not financial advisors or broker-dealers. This video is provided for informational purposes only and should not be considered investment or financial advice. Please conduct your own independent research and read the disclaimer at the end of the video or on RK Equity’s website: https://www.rkequity.com Intro and outro audio credit: Jamie Klein

Are sodium-ion batteries really cheaper than lithium-ion, or are hidden manufacturing and system costs undermining their biggest selling point? Matt Fernley speaks with Max Reid, Head of Battery Technology and Cost Research at CRU, to challenge some of the biggest assumptions in battery technology and economics. They explore why solid-state batteries may struggle to compete in EVs, whether sodium-ion can challenge LFP, and why AI data centres and humanoid robotics could create unexpected demand for emerging battery chemistries. Max also shares CRU's latest modelling on rising battery cell costs, LMR vs LFP economics, China's manufacturing advantage, and where capital may be misallocated across the battery supply chain. Register for the CRU Seminar: https://energysecurity.events.crugroup.com/ Follow CRU: LinkedIn (Max Reid) - https://www.linkedin.com/in/max-reid-05aaa0110/ LinkedIn (Company) - https://www.linkedin.com/company/cru/ X/Twitter (Company) - https://x.com/crugroup ___ Chapters (00:00) Introductions (03:16) Can LMR Compete With LFP on Cost in the US? (07:02) Manganese Purity Needed for LMR Cathodes (10:26) Are Non-Chinese Makers Wrong to Pivot to LFP? (12:29) Do US Tariffs Just Boost Southeast Asian Cells? (15:22) EU Recycled Content Rules and Cell Costs (18:07) Do Localised Supply Chains Raise Battery Costs? (21:20) Data Centers as Sodium-Ion's First Western Market (27:47) Why Sodium-Ion Still Costs More Than LFP (31:22) Hard Carbon and Anode Options for Sodium-Ion (35:43) Will Solid State Ever Close the Cost Gap? (39:01) Can Lithium-Ion Costs Keep Falling? (42:04) Emerging Chemistries: Niobium, Sulfur and LMO (46:18) Where Battery Capital Is Being Misallocated Links Sign up for the Lithium-Ion Bull newsletter / Matt’s blogs: https://rkequity.com/ Questions: [email protected] Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/rockstockchannel Podcast   Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/lithium-ion-rocks/id1457969172 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/0KiMIZOPaDg8ENfPJMSINq Follow us on X (Twitter): Howard: https://x.com/LithiumIonBull Matt: https://x.com/matt_fernley Rodney: https://x.com/RodneyHooper13 Ben: https://x.com/benjihammond _________________________________________________ DISCLAIMER NOT INVESTMENT ADVICE. DO YOUR OWN RESEARCH. Howard, Matt, and Rodney are not financial advisors or broker-dealers. This video is provided for informational purposes only and should not be considered investment or financial advice. Please conduct your own independent research and read the disclaimer at the end of the video or on RK Equity’s website: https://www.rkequity.com Intro and outro audio credit: Jamie Klein

Can Ken Brinsden repeat his success at Pilbara Minerals with PMET Resources (TSX: PMET | ASX: PMT)? In this discussion, Howard Klein and Matt Fernley sit down with PMET CEO Ken Brinsden to explore why he believes the company's Shaakichiuwaanaan project in Quebec could be an even bigger opportunity than Pilbara. Following Matt's recent site visit, they discuss PMET's low-cost lithium production potential, the massive cesium and tantalum discoveries at CV5 and CV13, upcoming feasibility study improvements, permitting, project financing, and plans to produce battery-grade lithium carbonate in North America. Is the market overlooking the full value of PMET's world-class critical minerals project? PMET Corporate Presentation: https://www.pmet.ca/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/PMET_Site_Visit_September_2026_Final_to_lodge.pdf Follow PMET Resources: LinkedIn (Ken Brinsden) - https://www.linkedin.com/in/ken-brinsden-699536105/ LinkedIn (Company) - https://www.linkedin.com/company/pmetresources/ X/Twitter (Company) - https://x.com/PMET_Resources ___ Chapters (00:00:00) Ken Brinsden and PMET: Who and Why (00:06:51) Why Ken Left Retirement for PMET (00:12:11) Why Ken Is Still a Lithium Bull (00:16:41) Shaakichiuwaanaan's Scale and Giant Crystals (00:20:51) Is Haul Distance Really a Problem? (00:26:01) Cheap Hydro-Québec Power Advantage (00:29:14) Going Underground First at Nova Zone (00:35:17) Tantalum Co-Product Edge Over Australia (00:42:00) The World's Largest Cesium Discovery (00:45:33) Where Quebec Permitting Stands (00:48:39) Why the Market Undervalues PMET (00:52:19) Financing Shaakichiuwaanaan: Strategics and Governments (00:56:45) Recutting the Lithium Supply Chain (01:01:14) Can Quebec Make Carbonate Competitively? Links Sign up for the Lithium-Ion Bull newsletter / Matt’s blogs: https://rkequity.com/ Questions: [email protected] Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/rockstockchannel Podcast   Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/lithium-ion-rocks/id1457969172 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/0KiMIZOPaDg8ENfPJMSINq Follow us on X (Twitter): Howard: https://x.com/LithiumIonBull Matt: https://x.com/matt_fernley Rodney: https://x.com/RodneyHooper13 Ben: https://x.com/benjihammond _________________________________________________ DISCLAIMER NOT INVESTMENT ADVICE. DO YOUR OWN RESEARCH. Howard, Matt, and Rodney are not financial advisors or broker-dealers. This video is provided for informational purposes only and should not be considered investment or financial advice. Please conduct your own independent research and read the disclaimer at the end of the video or on RK Equity’s website: https://www.rkequity.com Intro and outro audio credit: Jamie Klein

Is the critical minerals sell-off overdone? Why are lithium and rare earth stocks falling even as metal prices remain resilient and lithium producers report stronger-than-expected earnings? In this Rock Stock Recap, Howard Klein and Matt Fernley are joined by Tomasz Nadrowski of the Amvest Terraden Fund to unpack the critical minerals equity rout, the disconnect between lithium fundamentals and GFEX futures prices, and the impact of speculative trading, rising capital costs, and investor outflows. They also explore China's influence on critical minerals markets, geopolitical risks, and whether the recent sell-off is creating new buying opportunities in lithium, rare earths, and other strategic metals. Plus, a special update with First Phosphate (NASDAQ/CSE: PHOS) CEO John Passalacqua on the company's expanded mineral resources, G7 backing, project financing progress, and key milestones toward production. Join our Patreon Membership: https://www.patreon.com/cw/rockstockchannel/membership Mineral War By Tomasz Nadrowski: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0GHDYRLZK Follow Guests: - Amvest Capital   LinkedIn (Tomasz Nadrowski): https://www.linkedin.com/in/nadrowski/   LinkedIn (Company): https://www.linkedin.com/company/amvestcapital/   X (Company): https://x.com/AmvestCap - First Phosphate:   LinkedIn (John Passalacqua): https://www.linkedin.com/in/john-passalacqua-964092257/   LinkedIn (Company): https://www.linkedin.com/company/first-phosphate/   X (Company): https://x.com/FirstPhosphate Our Socials: X (Howard) - https://x.com/LithiumIonBull X (Matt) - https://x.com/matt_fernley ___ Chapters (00:00:00) Earnings, Elections and the Critical Minerals Selloff (00:03:50) Lithium Earnings Strong, GFEX Disconnected (00:07:32) LME Week Takeaways From a Veteran Trader (00:10:49) Two-Tier US Economy, Oversold Materials (00:14:17) Brazil and Israel Elections Rattle Markets (00:19:48) Why Critical Minerals Equities Sold Off (00:27:09) Why Equities Diverge From Metal Prices (00:31:37) Where Investors Can Trade the Volatility (00:37:50) Winners, Policy and the Valley of Death (00:40:43) Brazil's New Mining Law and Election Fallout (00:45:18) Israel, Canada and the US Midterms (00:51:17) Rare Earth Truce and China's Leverage (00:58:29) Why Lithium Pricing Is Hard to Trust (01:06:28) First Phosphate Update Links Sign up for the Lithium-Ion Bull newsletter / Matt’s blogs: https://rkequity.com/ Questions: [email protected] Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/rockstockchannel Podcast   Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/lithium-ion-rocks/id1457969172 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/0KiMIZOPaDg8ENfPJMSINq Follow us on X (Twitter): Howard: https://x.com/LithiumIonBull Matt: https://x.com/matt_fernley Rodney: https://x.com/RodneyHooper13 Ben: https://x.com/benjihammond _________________________________________________ DISCLAIMER NOT INVESTMENT ADVICE. DO YOUR OWN RESEARCH. Howard, Matt, and Rodney are not financial advisors or broker-dealers. This video is provided for informational purposes only and should not be considered investment or financial advice. Please conduct your own independent research and read the disclaimer at the end of the video or on RK Equity’s website: https://www.rkequity.com Intro and outro audio credit: Jamie Klein

Why are lithium prices falling even as inventories shrink and global battery demand accelerates? In this week's Rock Stock Recap, Howard Klein and Matt Fernley unpack the critical minerals selloff, China's influence on lithium prices through the GFEX, and whether lithium and rare earth stocks are becoming oversold. They also discuss bullish battery demand signals from Tesla and CATL, the outlook for energy storage (ESS), rising financing costs, and whether tightening lithium supply could trigger the next price rally. Join our Patreon Membership: https://www.patreon.com/cw/rockstockchannel/membership Our Socials: X (Howard) - https://x.com/LithiumIonBull X (Matt) - https://x.com/matt_fernley ___ Chapters (00:00) Critical Minerals Carnage, Lithium Bright Spots (02:45) Lithium Sentiment from LME Week and SMM (07:30) Why Lithium Demand Forecasts Keep Missing (11:46) Why Critical Minerals Stocks Are Getting Hammered (16:29) Fund Flows, Rates and Midterm Risks (21:35) Higher Capital Costs Test Speculative Miners (26:16) Rare Earths Look Oversold (30:40) Project Vault Won't Fix Price Volatility (36:59) Rare Earth Processing: The Missing Middle (39:02) Energy Transition Versus National Security (42:06) Tesla and Asian Battery Makers Signal Strong Demand (48:23) Why Chinese Speculators Are Selling Lithium (54:40) Lithium Africa and Upcoming Earnings Links Sign up for the Lithium-Ion Bull newsletter / Matt’s blogs: https://rkequity.com/ Questions: [email protected] Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/rockstockchannel Podcast   Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/lithium-ion-rocks/id1457969172 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/0KiMIZOPaDg8ENfPJMSINq Follow us on X (Twitter): Howard: https://x.com/LithiumIonBull Matt: https://x.com/matt_fernley Rodney: https://x.com/RodneyHooper13 Ben: https://x.com/benjihammond _________________________________________________ DISCLAIMER NOT INVESTMENT ADVICE. DO YOUR OWN RESEARCH. Howard, Matt, and Rodney are not financial advisors or broker-dealers. This video is provided for informational purposes only and should not be considered investment or financial advice. Please conduct your own independent research and read the disclaimer at the end of the video or on RK Equity’s website: https://www.rkequity.com Intro and outro audio credit: Jamie Klein

Why are lithium prices falling while inventories continue to shrink? Is the lithium market being manipulated, or are investors misreading the fundamentals? In this week's Rock Stock Recap, Howard Klein and Matt Fernley examine the disconnect between lithium prices, falling inventories, and strong battery demand. They discuss potential manipulation in China's GFEX lithium futures market, Goldman Sachs' bearish lithium forecast, and why major producers like PLS and Liontown are investing billions in expansion despite the recent sell-off. They also explore critical minerals market volatility, lithium project valuations, financing opportunities, and what could drive the next lithium market recovery. Register for the NACM Summit (USE CODE 'ROCKSTOCK' for 20% off): https://www.nacmsummit.com/ Explore our Patreon Membership: https://www.patreon.com/cw/rockstockchannel/membership Our Socials: X (Howard) - https://x.com/LithiumIonBull X (Matt) - https://x.com/matt_fernley ___ Chapters (00:00) Lithium Bulls Challenge Bearish Forecasts (05:57) Rio Tinto Flags Lithium Supply Risks (07:59) Why Critical Minerals Are Selling Off (14:26) Lithium Producers Sell Off Indiscriminately (17:07) Lithium Prices Defy Falling Inventories (26:15) Lithium Demand Is Being Underestimated (30:02) PLS Expansion Drives Costs Lower (35:09) PLS Infrastructure Raises True Capex (39:59) Battery Inventories Hide Structural Changes (43:07) Strong Projects Still Attract Capital (45:11) Why Select Lithium Developers Stand Out (50:34) DLE Projects Attract Strategic Backing (54:00) Cash-Rich Developers Offer Opportunities (58:02) Why Batteries Deserve Strategic Support Links Sign up for the Lithium-Ion Bull newsletter / Matt’s blogs: https://rkequity.com/ Questions: [email protected] Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/rockstockchannel Podcast   Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/lithium-ion-rocks/id1457969172 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/0KiMIZOPaDg8ENfPJMSINq Follow us on X (Twitter): Howard: https://x.com/LithiumIonBull Matt: https://x.com/matt_fernley Rodney: https://x.com/RodneyHooper13 Ben: https://x.com/benjihammond _________________________________________________ DISCLAIMER NOT INVESTMENT ADVICE. DO YOUR OWN RESEARCH. Howard, Matt, and Rodney are not financial advisors or broker-dealers. This video is provided for informational purposes only and should not be considered investment or financial advice. Please conduct your own independent research and read the disclaimer at the end of the video or on RK Equity’s website: https://www.rkequity.com Intro and outro audio credit: Jamie Klein

Can Lithium Africa (TSXV: LAF) reach lithium production by 2027? Dr. Tom Benson, CEO of Lithium Africa, joins Rock Stock Channel to discuss high-grade lithium drill results at the Springbok Project in South Africa, the company's plans for a potential low-cost starter operation, and how project-level financing could generate cash flow without diluting shareholders. We also explore Springbok's district-scale exploration potential, the latest developments from Lithium Africa's joint venture with Ganfeng Lithium in Côte d’Ivoire, and upcoming catalysts, including further drill results, a maiden resource estimate and a preliminary economic assessment (PEA). LAF Presentation: https://wp-lithiumafrica-2026.s3.ca-central-1.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/13080130/2026_10-LAF_Corporate_Deck_Q3_Oct7-1.pdf Follow Lithium Africa: LinkedIn (Tom Benson) - https://www.linkedin.com/in/thomasrbenson/ LinkedIn (Company) - https://www.linkedin.com/company/lithium-africa/ X/Twitter (Company) - https://x.com/Lithium_afri ___ Chapters (00:00) Lithium Africa Project Overview (01:50) Springbok Drilling Confirms High-Grade Lithium (04:14) Springbok's 50km Exploration Potential (05:52) Springbok Targets Lithium Production In 2027 (08:12) Modular DMS Plant Could Accelerate Production (08:54) Project Financing Could Limit Shareholder Dilution (10:57) Existing Stockpile Could Kickstart Production (12:42) Ganfeng JV Advances Côte d’Ivoire Exploration (15:16) Upcoming Drill Results And Resource Catalysts (15:59) Springbok Financing And Development Timeline (17:28) Strengthening The Team For Production Links Sign up for the Lithium-Ion Bull newsletter / Matt’s blogs: https://rkequity.com/ Questions: [email protected] Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/rockstockchannel Podcast   Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/lithium-ion-rocks/id1457969172 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/0KiMIZOPaDg8ENfPJMSINq Follow us on X (Twitter): Howard: https://x.com/LithiumIonBull Matt: https://x.com/matt_fernley Rodney: https://x.com/RodneyHooper13 Ben: https://x.com/benjihammond _________________________________________________ DISCLAIMER NOT INVESTMENT ADVICE. DO YOUR OWN RESEARCH. Howard, Matt, and Rodney are not financial advisors or broker-dealers. This video is provided for informational purposes only and should not be considered investment or financial advice. Please conduct your own independent research and read the disclaimer at the end of the video or on RK Equity’s website: https://www.rkequity.com Intro and outro audio credit: Jamie Klein

Is Lithium Argentina (NYSE: LAR, TSX: LAR) undervalued? Could investors be getting its massive PPG lithium project for almost nothing? Sam Pigott, CEO of Lithium Argentina joins Howard Klein and Matt Fernley to explore the valuation disconnect between the company's market cap and its world-class lithium brine assets in Argentina. They discuss Cauchari–Olaroz's 70% cash operating margins, plans to more than double production to 85,000 tonnes annually, the 150,000-tonne PPG project, Ganfeng's financing partnership, and whether an ASX listing could help unlock shareholder value. Is the market overlooking one of the lithium sector's most compelling growth stories? LAR Corporate Presentation: https://investors.lithium-argentina.com/static-files/f0e5959e-9081-463f-a0f8-ba7b014c3238 Follow Lithium Argentina: LinkedIn (Sam Pigott) - https://www.linkedin.com/in/sam-pigott-9a3a1525/ LinkedIn (Company) - https://www.linkedin.com/company/lithium-argentina/ X (Company) - https://x.com/Lithium_ARG Our Socials: X (Howard) - https://x.com/LithiumIonBull X (Matt) - https://x.com/matt_fernley ___ Chapters (00:00) Is Lithium Argentina Deeply Undervalued? (08:30) Ganfeng Experience Drives LAR's Growth Strategy (13:31) Ganfeng Refinancing Protects Shareholders From Dilution (16:12) Why Cauchari Ranks Among Lowest-Cost Producers (21:00) Technical-Grade Carbonate Delivers Strong Margins (23:25) How Argentina's Cash Reaches Shareholders (26:19) Cauchari Expansion More Than Doubles Capacity (29:04) Argentina's Lithium Export Infrastructure Risks (30:56) DLE Could Accelerate Production Into 2028 (33:54) Funding PPG's 150kt (36:47) Why PPG's Valuation Could Surprise Investors (42:07) Swiss Headquarters And Ganfeng Takeover Protections (49:12) Could An ASX Listing Unlock Value? (53:03) Lithium Argentina's Long-Term Growth Ambitions Links Sign up for the Lithium-Ion Bull newsletter / Matt’s blogs: https://rkequity.com/ Questions: [email protected] Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/rockstockchannel Podcast   Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/lithium-ion-rocks/id1457969172 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/0KiMIZOPaDg8ENfPJMSINq Follow us on X (Twitter): Howard: https://x.com/LithiumIonBull Matt: https://x.com/matt_fernley Rodney: https://x.com/RodneyHooper13 Ben: https://x.com/benjihammond _________________________________________________ DISCLAIMER NOT INVESTMENT ADVICE. DO YOUR OWN RESEARCH. Howard, Matt, and Rodney are not financial advisors or broker-dealers. This video is provided for informational purposes only and should not be considered investment or financial advice. Please conduct your own independent research and read the disclaimer at the end of the video or on RK Equity’s website: https://www.rkequity.com Intro and outro audio credit: Jamie Klein

Why is Brian Paes-Braga backing Surge Battery Metals’ Nevada North lithium project? Howard Klein sits down with Brian, strategic investor in Surge Battery Metals (TSXV: NILI) and CEO of The Metals Royalty Company (NASDAQ: TMCR), to discuss Nevada North’s recently released Pre-Feasibility Study (PFS), outlining a 42-year mine life and nearly $10 billion in after-tax NPV. Brian explains why he’s returning to lithium eight years after Lithium X, what could close the gap between Surge’s market valuation and its project NPV, and why he believes the market is underestimating future lithium demand. The conversation also covers The Metals Company (NASDAQ: TMC), deep-sea mining, U.S. critical mineral independence, and the investment case for mining royalties. Surge's PFS Announcement: https://surgebatterymetals.com/news/surge-announces-positive-pre-feasibility-study-at-nevada-north-after-tax-npv8-of-us-9.81-billion-after-tax-irr-of-23.6-and-operating-cost-of-us-4-719-tonne-lithium-carbonate Follow Brian Paes-Braga: LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/in/brianpaesbraga/ X - https://x.com/bpaesbraga Follow Surge Battery Metals: LinkedIn (Company) - https://www.linkedin.com/company/surge-battery-metals-inc/ X (Company) - https://x.com/SurgeBattery Follow The Metals Royalty Company: LinkedIn (Company) - https://www.linkedin.com/company/the-metals-royalty-co/ X (Company) - https://x.com/metalsroyaltyco Follow The Metals Company: LinkedIn (Company) - https://www.linkedin.com/company/the-metals-company/ X (Company) - https://x.com/themetalsco ___ Chapters (00:00) Brian's Big Bets On Critical Minerals (03:58) Why Brian Returned To Lithium (07:46) Why North American Mining Assets Win (10:22) Lithium X2 Targets US Investors (14:06) What Could Close Surge's Valuation Gap (19:51) Tesla Semis Could Boost Battery Demand (22:43) Why Seafloor Nodules Attracted Brian (24:53) US Mining Permits And Steel Investment (26:59) TMC vs. TMCR: Different Investment Opportunities Links Sign up for the Lithium-Ion Bull newsletter / Matt’s blogs: https://rkequity.com/ Questions: [email protected] Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/rockstockchannel Podcast   Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/lithium-ion-rocks/id1457969172 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/0KiMIZOPaDg8ENfPJMSINq Follow us on X (Twitter): Howard: https://x.com/LithiumIonBull Matt: https://x.com/matt_fernley Rodney: https://x.com/RodneyHooper13 Ben: https://x.com/benjihammond _________________________________________________ DISCLAIMER NOT INVESTMENT ADVICE. DO YOUR OWN RESEARCH. Howard, Matt, and Rodney are not financial advisors or broker-dealers. This video is provided for informational purposes only and should not be considered investment or financial advice. Please conduct your own independent research and read the disclaimer at the end of the video or on RK Equity’s website: https://www.rkequity.com Intro and outro audio credit: Jamie Klein

Is Liontown (ASX: LTR) positioning itself for the next lithium upcycle? Howard Klein and Matt Fernley sit down with Liontown CEO Tony Ottaviano to discuss the outlook for lithium prices, Chinese buyer demand, and the future of Kathleen Valley. Tony shares insights into Liontown's A$389 million Kathleen Valley expansion, the advantages of underground lithium mining, its partnerships with Tesla, Ford and LG Energy Solution, and its move into Argentine lithium brines. The conversation also explores Albemarle's failed A$3-per-share takeover, Hancock Prospecting's investment, potential lithium industry consolidation, and whether the market is underestimating future lithium supply constraints. Can Liontown deliver its growth ambitions while navigating another volatile lithium cycle? Follow Liontown: LinkedIn (Tony Ottaviano) - https://www.linkedin.com/in/antonino-tony-ottaviano-3b11396/ LinkedIn (Company) - https://www.linkedin.com/company/liontown/ X (Company) - https://x.com/LiontownRes Our Socials: X (Howard) - https://x.com/LithiumIonBull X (Matt) - https://x.com/matt_fernley ___ Chapters (00:00) Liontown's Takeover And Expansion Backstory (04:07) Building Liontown Beyond Kathleen Valley (08:21) Underground Lithium Mining's Hidden Advantages (14:08) How Kathleen Valley Targets 78% Recovery (18:54) Lithium Supply Signals Don't Add Up (22:39) Battery Chemistry Drives Customer Diversification (26:13) Chinese Buyers Remain Active (27:38) Why Liontown Is Entering Argentine Brines (31:32) Argentina's DLE And Valuation Risks (35:56) Funding Kathleen Valley's Expansion Through Volatility (37:57) Mining Majors Reassess Lithium's Potential (44:42) Lithium Demand Expands Beyond Electric Vehicles (48:01) Financing Bottlenecks Delay New Lithium Supply (51:55) Is Lithium's $20,000 Price Ceiling Real? Links Sign up for the Lithium-Ion Bull newsletter / Matt’s blogs: https://rkequity.com/ Questions: [email protected] Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/rockstockchannel Podcast   Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/lithium-ion-rocks/id1457969172 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/0KiMIZOPaDg8ENfPJMSINq Follow us on X (Twitter): Howard: https://x.com/LithiumIonBull Matt: https://x.com/matt_fernley Rodney: https://x.com/RodneyHooper13 Ben: https://x.com/benjihammond _________________________________________________ DISCLAIMER NOT INVESTMENT ADVICE. DO YOUR OWN RESEARCH. Howard, Matt, and Rodney are not financial advisors or broker-dealers. This video is provided for informational purposes only and should not be considered investment or financial advice. Please conduct your own independent research and read the disclaimer at the end of the video or on RK Equity’s website: https://www.rkequity.com Intro and outro audio credit: Jamie Klein

Nouveau Monde Graphite (NYSE: NMG, TSX: NOU) CEO Eric Desaulniers joins Howard Klein and Matt Fernley to discuss the company’s path to graphite production in Quebec, construction at the Matawinie Mine, financing for the Bécancour anode material plant, and partnerships with Panasonic and Eni. We also explore graphite prices, China’s dominance of the supply chain, U.S. tariffs and export controls, growing demand for natural graphite, and a potential sulfur byproduct opportunity that could add significant value to the project. Follow Nouveau Monde Graphite: LinkedIn (Eric Desaulniers) - https://www.linkedin.com/in/edesaulniers/ LinkedIn (Company) - https://www.linkedin.com/company/nouveaumondegraphite/ X (Company) - https://x.com/NYSE_NMG Our Socials: X (Howard) - https://x.com/LithiumIonBull X (Matt) - https://x.com/matt_fernley ___ Chapters (00:00) NMG’s Path To Full Production (05:14) NMG’s Mine-To-Anode Strategy (08:23) Matawinie Construction Stays On Track (10:36) Diversified Offtakes Reduce Market Risk (12:58) Battery Demand Improves Mine Economics (19:08) Bécancour Funding Moves Toward FID (21:32) Eni Opens Door To Europe (25:03) Natural Graphite Gains On Synthetic Costs (29:46) Canadian Graphite Finds Global Demand (31:30) Sulfur Byproduct Could Lift Cash Flow (35:46) U.S. Steel Strengthens Refractory Demand (38:10) Graphite Tariffs Face A Trade-Off (43:45) China Export Controls Raise Supply Risk (45:56) Canada-U.S. Tensions Look Temporary Links Sign up for the Lithium-Ion Bull newsletter / Matt’s blogs: https://rkequity.com/ Questions: [email protected] Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/rockstockchannel Podcast   Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/lithium-ion-rocks/id1457969172 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/0KiMIZOPaDg8ENfPJMSINq Follow us on X (Twitter): Howard: https://x.com/LithiumIonBull Matt: https://x.com/matt_fernley Rodney: https://x.com/RodneyHooper13 Ben: https://x.com/benjihammond _________________________________________________ DISCLAIMER NOT INVESTMENT ADVICE. DO YOUR OWN RESEARCH. Howard, Matt, and Rodney are not financial advisors or broker-dealers. This video is provided for informational purposes only and should not be considered investment or financial advice. Please conduct your own independent research and read the disclaimer at the end of the video or on RK Equity’s website: https://www.rkequity.com Intro and outro audio credit: Jamie Klein

Is the lithium market heading for another surplus - or is a major supply shortage coming? YJ Lee, aka the Lithium Whisperer, joins Howard Klein and Matt Fernley on Rock Stock Recap to challenge Goldman Sachs’ bearish lithium price forecasts and explain why he believes the next lithium bull market could be approaching. We explore China's surging electric truck demand, the global battery energy storage (BESS) boom, falling lithium inventories, delayed mine supply, and whether sodium-ion batteries pose a real threat to lithium demand. With lithium stocks under pressure, is the recent sell-off a buying opportunity? And what are investors missing about the lithium supply-demand outlook for 2027–2030? Register for the NACM Summit (USE CODE 'ROCKSTOCK' for 20% off): https://www.nacmsummit.com/ Explore our Patreon Membership: https://www.patreon.com/cw/rockstockchannel/membership Follow YJ Lee: X - https://x.com/usuallyYJLee LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/in/realyjlee/ Website (Arcane Green Metal Fund) - https://greenmetalfund.com/ Our Socials: X (Howard) - https://x.com/LithiumIonBull X (Matt) - https://x.com/matt_fernley ___ Chapters (00:00:00) Goldman’s Lithium Surplus Faces Bullish Challenge (00:07:16) Research And Membership Details (00:12:18) Are Storage Batteries Really Inventory? (00:14:58) Why Goldman Underestimates Storage Demand (00:20:18) AI Power Race Drives Battery Demand (00:25:51) Electric Trucks Reshape Lithium Demand (00:33:24) Electric Trucks Undercut Diesel Costs (00:36:08) Lithium Mine Delays Tighten Supply (00:40:00) Sodium-Ion Faces Cost And Scale Barriers (00:44:39) Why Lithium Inventory Counts Mislead (00:48:53) Lithium Correction Leaves Equities Cheap (00:54:42) Strongest Signals Of Lithium Tightness (00:59:51) China's Battery Advantage Complicates US Strategy (01:04:47) Standard Lithium Update (01:11:29) Power Metallic Update (01:20:09) NOA Lithium Brines Update Links Sign up for the Lithium-Ion Bull newsletter / Matt’s blogs: https://rkequity.com/ Questions: [email protected] Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/rockstockchannel Podcast   Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/lithium-ion-rocks/id1457969172 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/0KiMIZOPaDg8ENfPJMSINq Follow us on X (Twitter): Howard: https://x.com/LithiumIonBull Matt: https://x.com/matt_fernley Rodney: https://x.com/RodneyHooper13 Ben: https://x.com/benjihammond _________________________________________________ DISCLAIMER NOT INVESTMENT ADVICE. DO YOUR OWN RESEARCH. Howard, Matt, and Rodney are not financial advisors or broker-dealers. This video is provided for informational purposes only and should not be considered investment or financial advice. Please conduct your own independent research and read the disclaimer at the end of the video or on RK Equity’s website: https://www.rkequity.com Intro and outro audio credit: Jamie Klein

Surge Battery Metals (TSXV: NILI) Chairman Graham Harris and lithium expert Iain Scarr join Howard Klein and Matt Fernley to break down the Nevada North pre-feasibility study. They discuss Nevada North’s grade, recovery, operating costs, second-mover advantage behind Thacker Pass, technical risks, project financing and what still needs to be proven before construction. Could Nevada North become the next major US lithium project? PFS Announcement: https://surgebatterymetals.com/news/surge-announces-positive-pre-feasibility-study-at-nevada-north-after-tax-npv8-of-us-9.81-billion-after-tax-irr-of-23.6-and-operating-cost-of-us-4-719-tonne-lithium-carbonate Follow Surge Battery Metals: LinkedIn (Graham Harris) - https://www.linkedin.com/in/graham-harris-bb904057/ LinkedIn (Iain Scarr) - https://www.linkedin.com/in/iain-scarr-3aa3721/ LinkedIn (Company) - https://www.linkedin.com/company/surge-battery-metals-inc/ X (Company) - https://x.com/SurgeBattery ___ Chapters (00:00) Nevada North PFS Sets The Stakes (04:11) Why Phase One CapEx Fell (05:18) US Lithium Demand Supports Scale (06:59) Recovery Gains Face Scale-Up Test (12:39) Sulphur Costs Show Limited Sensitivity (15:08) Solid-Liquid Separation Is Key Risk (16:16) High-Grade Clay Narrows Cost Gap (21:50) Thacker Pass Creates Second-Mover Advantage (23:19) Strategic Capital Opens Funding Path (24:56) Experienced Team Supports Execution Links Sign up for the Lithium-Ion Bull newsletter / Matt’s blogs: https://rkequity.com/ Questions: [email protected] Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/rockstockchannel Podcast   Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/lithium-ion-rocks/id1457969172 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/0KiMIZOPaDg8ENfPJMSINq Follow us on X (Twitter): Howard: https://x.com/LithiumIonBull Matt: https://x.com/matt_fernley Rodney: https://x.com/RodneyHooper13 Ben: https://x.com/benjihammond _________________________________________________ DISCLAIMER NOT INVESTMENT ADVICE. DO YOUR OWN RESEARCH. Howard, Matt, and Rodney are not financial advisors or broker-dealers. This video is provided for informational purposes only and should not be considered investment or financial advice. Please conduct your own independent research and read the disclaimer at the end of the video or on RK Equity’s website: https://www.rkequity.com Intro and outro audio credit: Jamie Klein

Epsilon Advanced Materials founder Vikram Handa discusses the economics of building a competitive battery materials supply chain outside China. We cover why LFP cathode manufacturing may be more of a CapEx game than an Opex game, the case for integrating US lithium refining with LFP production, and why hard carbon could become a key bottleneck for sodium-ion batteries. Follow Epsilon: LinkedIn (Vikram Handa) - https://www.linkedin.com/in/vikram-handa/ LinkedIn (Company) - https://www.linkedin.com/company/epsilonadvancedmaterials/ X/Twitter (Company) - https://x.com/EpsilonGraphite ___ Chapters (00:00) Epsilon’s Battery Materials Expansion (02:28) Why Epsilon Chose LFP (04:19) Scaling LFP Production In India (08:39) Matching Chinese LFP Performance (10:18) Gen Four LFP Without China (14:42) Customer Qualification And Demand (18:44) De-Risking The LFP Supply Chain (21:57) India’s Cost Advantage Explained (24:45) Integrating Lithium And Cathode Production (29:03) Where LFP Technology Hits Its Ceiling (32:02) Sodium-Ion Demand Drives Hard Carbon (35:50) Hard Carbon Scalability Is Critical (38:13) Can Battery Midstream Scale Outside China? Links Sign up for the Lithium-Ion Bull newsletter / Matt’s blogs: https://rkequity.com/ Questions: [email protected] Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/rockstockchannel Podcast   Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/lithium-ion-rocks/id1457969172 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/0KiMIZOPaDg8ENfPJMSINq Follow us on X (Twitter): Howard: https://x.com/LithiumIonBull Matt: https://x.com/matt_fernley Rodney: https://x.com/RodneyHooper13 Ben: https://x.com/benjihammond _________________________________________________ DISCLAIMER NOT INVESTMENT ADVICE. DO YOUR OWN RESEARCH. Howard, Matt, and Rodney are not financial advisors or broker-dealers. This video is provided for informational purposes only and should not be considered investment or financial advice. Please conduct your own independent research and read the disclaimer at the end of the video or on RK Equity’s website: https://www.rkequity.com Intro and outro audio credit: Jamie Klein