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2019/05/09
Latest episode
2026/11/06
Average duration
178 min.
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Workers’ Liberty fights for socialist revolution, for the labour movement to militantly assert working class interests. Follow us! Find out more, and get involved at https://workersliberty.org • fb.me/workersliberty • twitter.com/workersliberty
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777 — Across Europe: Win back the Wealth! | Much more
2026/11/06
Solidarity 777, 4 November 2026. Articles:
Win back the wealth
Socialism and mental health
Budget: "baby steps" leading to a fall?
French students seek to coordinate
General strike and housing struggle in Spain
French movement has reshaped politics
Jackdaw is bad enough. Stop Rosebank!
New threats to bomb Iran
All about the EU?
“Zionism is Racism” shows need for delegate democracy
Putin presses on despite huge losses
Are brains “male” or “female”?
Looting is not the same as workers' revolution
Italian workers and students on the streets
Building on the ground after Israel's election
The zero-sum game of the far right
Together? But for what?
Our reference points: The socialisation of housework
Far right attack Glasgow left meeting
Fallout undermines Stormont
Socialisation of housework and gender equality
NEU makes weak response on antisemitism
Ireland then and now
Andy Burnham and Manchester City
The upper-class anti-Nazis in Germany
After the fall of Orbán
Letter from a Prospect member
When we think we’re communicating
Labour conference signals wider housing reform
“Fair Funding” cuts London Councils
"Who's here willingly?"
NHS anti-trans guidance is dangerous
Traffic warden strike hits council revenue
Union must use new access rights
'Terrorist' ban appeal on 4-5 November
ELFT ballot closes 19 November
Scottish Vice-Chancellors resign as university workers strike
Student support grows at GCU
Students look to 14 and 20 November
From revolt to real victory?
Scrap the whole Mahmood plan
MHCLG's one-day all-out
Consultant doctors to strike 25-26 November
More online: https://workersliberty.org/publications/solidarity/solidarity-777-4-november-2026
Women and Socialism; August Bebel, 1879 — Reference Points #13
2026/10/27
Audio recording from “Woman and Socialism” by August Bebel, published 1879: chapters 27 section 1 and section 4 and chapter 28.
The translation, in 1910 by Meta Lilienthal Stern, as was usual in those days, uses "man" to mean both "human being" (German: Mensch) and "adult male" (German: Mann) — and likewise "he" for both. It is fairly clear each time the word is used which meaning is intended.
Read the extract: https://workersliberty.org/story/2026-10-23/socialisation-housework-and-gender-equality
The full book online: https://www.marxists.org/archive/bebel/1879/woman-socialism/
Woman and Socialism chapters/timestamps:
Part 4: The socialisation of society
Chapter 27: Free Development of Individuality
00:00 Section 1: Freedom From Care
04:24 Section 4: Transformation of Domestic Life
08:50 Chapter 28: Woman in the Future
An article on it will be published in Solidarity 777: https://workersliberty.org/solidarity-all
#13 of Marxist points of reference reading list: https://workersliberty.org/marxist-points-reference-reading-list
Playlist of recordings from that list at https://soundcloud.com/workers-liberty/sets/marxist-points-of-reference-a
Subscribe to the podcast "Solidarity & more" by "Workers' Liberty" wherever you listen to podcasts. More info: https://workersliberty.org/audio
Audio recording with thanks to @adrestiasrevolt8557 . Music and image public domain. Image: August Bebel in the 1870s.
776 & WL81— Budget squeeze: Profits vs lives | Revolt across Europe | More
2026/10/24
Solidarity 776, 21 October 2026. Includes WL81. Articles:
Profits first, or lives?
EU: bring down the barriers!
Young people want a future
Water cannon and arrests in Liège
Not what the doctor ordered
French activists move to coordinate
Spain general strike set for 11 November
Coming cleaner on Israel/Palestine
US, Iran, Yemen: stop the wars!
Far right parade in Sheffield
TV documentary reveals underside of Reform
Proper and broad discussion needed
Why so quiet about COP 31?
Trump undermines Ukraine
Elections in Bosnia-Herzegovina: impasse again
An engaging read, but with omissions
Our reference points: Class struggle and the Circular Letter of 1879
When Spike Milligan got his Irish passport
Labour conference backed housing demands
Alan Thornett, 1937-2026
Andy Burnham and Manchester City
Gaza’s people are hungry and in tents
Standing against settler terror
ELFT ballot closes 9 November
Student anti-cuts conference 14 November
UCU special conference votes for national dispute
GCU unions strike together
MHCLG all out on 28 October
Community centre slams suspension
Camden traffic wardens on eight-week strike
Seven million protest against Trump on 17 October
Far right threat in Brazil
Revolt across Europe
More online: https://workersliberty.org/publications/solidarity/solidarity-776-21-october-2026
Circular Letter to Bebel, Liebknecht, etc.; Marx & Engels, 1879 — Ref #12
2026/10/14
Audiobook of a “Circular Letter to August Bebel, Wilhelm Liebknecht, Wilhelm Bracke and Others”, written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in September 1879.
Read it online: https://bit.ly/c-lett-2
Notes and talking points: https://workersliberty.org/story/2026-10-10/our-reference-points-class-struggle-and-circular-letter-1879 (extracted and adapted for the introductory note in the audio).
We’re trying different ways of producing audio for our podcast feed. For this one we’re experimenting with generative text-to-speech software (for the first time). Any feedback, or to volunteer recording or editing, please get in touch! https://workersliberty.org/contact
Chapters/timestamps:
00:00 Introductory note, Martin Thomas 2026
03:08 Circular Letter, Marx & Engels 1879
An alternative translation is available, as referenced in the article above: https://bit.ly/c-lett-1
#12 of Marxist points of reference reading list: https://workersliberty.org/marxist-points-reference-reading-list
Playlist of recordings from that list at https://soundcloud.com/workers-liberty/sets/marxist-points-of-reference-a
Subscribe to the podcast "Solidarity & more" by "Workers' Liberty" wherever you listen to podcasts. More info: https://workersliberty.org/audio
Image: Der Sozialdemokrat, the SPD's paper produced in exile for smuggling into Germany when the party was illegal (1878-1890), turned out well despite a shaky start
Women's Fightback 38, Autumn 2026 — UK childcare costs are killer | Demands & much more
2026/10/13
Women's Fightback 38, Autumn 2026.
Power concedes nothing without a demand. Women’s Fightback regularly makes demands for the changes we want to see in the world - but how do we go beyond reacting to the issues of today, and towards bringing about the sort of radical change we need to usher in socialism and bring about an end
to misogyny? This issue of Women’s Fightback focuses on those demands, but it is not the end point of those demands, it is an invitation to build them with us. If you agree with our demands, organise with us! If you disagree with any of them, join the conversation and let us know why.
In this issue, we set forth a starting point for our transitional demands, the demands that can bridge the gap between the struggles we face today, and the world we build tomorrow. We look at how gender inequalities continue to leave women disadvantaged in the workplace. We also explore how this inequality exists in our home lives, particularly for parents, with mothers routinely expected to carry the
double burden of working for employment, while also doing the bulk of domestic labour and caregiving. We report on new waves of demonstrations against the right to abortion, attacks on trans healthcare,
and underfunding of public services; and report on how we are fighting back. Read on for this and more, and get in touch with us to let us know what you think about the topics we cover in this issue.
Articles:
Misogyny in secondary schools
Socialist feminist transitional demands
Women, work and future class struggles
We demand joy
Unison Greater London Young Members demand equal parental leave
Gloria Steinem: the face of American second-wave feminism
Countering the march against choice
What can we demand of mother state?
Fight for trans inclusion in Labour and the unions
NHS Wales takes a knife to trans healthcare
Care, labour and survival in wartime Ukraine
The challenges of feminist movement and LGBTQ+ rights in Ukraine
Borders and sex work
The Irish land war and the Ladies' Land League
'Obsession' and gender dynamics
Displacement, body, nature and time
Dolly Parton: a feminist icon
Our name and our feminism
New network against Uni cuts
More online and buy a copy: https://workersliberty.org/wf
Women's Fightback is a socialist feminist magazine produced by Workers' Liberty.
We stand for trans-inclusive, sex-positive, class struggle feminism. We organise in our workplaces and trade unions, and in the student movement and Labour Party for socialist feminist politics.
If you would like to organise with us, or contribute to 'Women's Fightback', please write to us at:
[email protected]
775 — Make Labour Tax the Rich: Resist Cuts! | And much more
2026/10/08
Solidarity 775, 7 October 2026. Articles:
Make Labour tax the rich!
Belgium: reigniting cuts fight
France: defying the police
Progress at last on heart attacks
Peru teachers to strike from 29 October
Karl Marx on death penalty
Far right steps up anti-Palestinian drive
The Morning Star and... the Lib-Dems
Many-fronts battle on Code of Practice
Street-fighting far right is a threat
Labour in Holborn-St Pancras
Link with Ukraine’s left, not Levchenko
Organic food is not the answer
Syria seals deal with Kurdish forces
Escalation in Yemen and the Gulf
Reviving the corpse of “Scientific Racism”
Keeping which flag flying?
Promising big, delivering little
Labour in Liverpool: a strange mix
Data centres: who owns, who decides?
Why workers should control AI
Power-sharing thrown into crisis
The Critique of the Gotha Programme
Greens say "Zionism is racism"
What you do in a shutdown
The "PMC" is not a social class
MHCLG steps up strikes
Birmingham bin strike: the workers must decide
Defend Risa Tan
UCU debates wider fight
ELFT ballots from 2 October
Student-staff assemblies oppose cuts
Two-year wait imposed while profits soar
A win on no-jury trials
Trump still has power despite the polls
More arrested under untenable ban
More online: https://workersliberty.org/publications/solidarity/solidarity-775-7-october-2026
Critique of the Gotha Programme; Marx, 1875 — Reference points #11
2026/09/29
Audiobook of The “Critique of the Gotha Programme” written by Karl Marx as private communication to the SDAP leadership in 1875, later published in “Die Neue Zeit” newspaper in 1891. Here with Engels’ forward plus two other letters, by Marx and Engels respectively. Read it online: https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1875/gotha/
Notes: https://workersliberty.org/story/2024-07-28/critique-gotha-programme
Chapters/timestamps:
00:00 Foreword by Engels, 1891
02:50 Marx letter to W. Bracke, May 1875
06:25 Engels letter to A. Bebel, March 1875
Marginal Notes to the Program of the German Workers’ Party (i.e. Critique of the Gotha Programme), April/May 1875
21:20 § I
45:20 § II
49:40 § III
52:25 § IV
01:02:10 Appendix
PDF version of the critique (different order and contents): https://foreignlanguages.press/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/C16-Critique-of-the-Gotha-Program-2nd-Printing.pdf
The Gotha Programme: https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Gotha_Program
#11 of Marxist points of reference reading list: https://workersliberty.org/story/2026-01-28/marxist-points-reference-reading-list
Playlist of recordings from that list at https://soundcloud.com/workers-liberty/sets/marxist-points-of-reference-a
Subscribe to the podcast "Solidarity & more" by "Workers' Liberty" wherever you listen to podcasts. More info: https://workersliberty.org/audio
Audiobook recording with thanks to “@MarxistAudiobooks”. Music public domain. Image: a graphic celebrating the 1875 merger:: Bebel, Liebknecht (top), Marx (middle), Tölcke [a Lassallean leader], Lassalle (below)
774 — Fascist danger on the streets: Workers' United front against the far right | News, debate, international, much more
2026/09/25
Solidarity 774, 23 September 2026. Articles:
Far right danger on the streets
Misfortune again for Germany?
A skilful but shameful balancing act
Putin targets Ukraine’s infrastructure
Unions pledge to fight for trans rights. But now?
Houthis advance, conflict spirals
TUC: what sort of unity?
The Civil War in France
Far right surges in Germany
Labour conference, Burnham, and the left
Fidel Castro: A modest caudillo? — Letter
Super El Niño will bring heatwaves and droughts
The Communist Manifesto and working-class self-education
Postscript to Rosdolsky on 1848-9
Hackney anti-austerity summit asks the right questions... Short on answers
Rosdolsky's dissection of Marx's and Engels's errors on national questions in 1848-9
Housing: Burnham fails at first hurdle
New wave of university cuts
Defend Risa Tan, suspended Prospect rep
Brighton University to derecognise unions
MHCLG updates
London bus workers score climate win
It is for the Irish people to decide unity, and how
After the heatwaves, the big events
Update on PA ban
The RCP and shallow optimism
Helping "Protect the Harvest"
PCS to ballot from 20 October
The death of cinema?
Trans people in Wales fight back
Fourteen more strike days at GCU
Building the "purple current" in Israel
Scotland: Thin promises from Marra
ELFT workers prepare for strikes against cuts
Sanctions are a positive step, but fundamental change requires a movement on the ground
Is Trump running out of time?
Seventy years after Khrushchev denounced Stalin
To defeat One Nation, turn round the labour movement
Lambeth Green Party debates BDS
Hal Draper did not just retreat to his study
More online: https://workersliberty.org/publications/solidarity/solidarity-774-23-september-2026
The Civil War in France; Marx, 1871 — Reference points #10
2026/09/14
Audiobook of “The Civil War in France” by Karl Marx, on the Paris Commune and the lead up to it, delivered as speeches by Marx in 1870-71. Read it online https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1871/civil-war-france/ which also links to a timeline, glossary, and other references and background.
Article on it: https://workersliberty.org/story/2026-09-21/civil-war-france
Study notes: https://workersliberty.org/story/2026-09-21/civil-war-france
Chapters/timestamps:
00:00 Publication info
02:13 Engels’ 1891 intro
The First Address, July 23, 1870
21:23 The Beginning of the Franco-Prussian War — Chapter 1
The Second Address: September 9, 1870
33:06 Prussian Occupation of France — Chapter 2
The Third Address: May, 1871
52:06 France Capitulates & the Government of Thiers — Chapter 3
01:18:39 Paris Workers’ Revolution & Thiers’ Reactionary Massacres — Chapter 4
01:39:05 The Paris Commune — Chapter 5
02:19:20 The Fall of Paris — Chapter 6
02:51:56 Engels 1891 Postscript
#10 of Marxist points of reference reading list: https://workersliberty.org/story/2026-01-28/marxist-points-reference-reading-list
Playlist of recordings from that list at https://soundcloud.com/workers-liberty/sets/marxist-points-of-reference-a
Subscribe to the podcast "Solidarity & more" by "Workers' Liberty" wherever you listen to podcasts. More info: https://workersliberty.org/audio
Audiobook recording with thanks to “Adrestia's Revolt” and “Dakki Reads”. Music public domain. Photo of a barricade in the Paris Commune, March 18, 1871
773 — Reform on the back foot but not beaten: Workers' united front against far right! | Much more
2026/08/27
Solidarity 773, 26 August 2026. Articles:
Reform is on the back foot but not beaten
Trump lashes out: oppose sanctions on Iran
Left unites against far-right attack on socialist stall
Resisting Reform in Wakefield
Andy Burnham and council housing
Israeli right plans to bisect West Bank
Eulogising Castro… and re-writing Cuban history
Crackdown sharpens in Russia
Support Ukraine; oppose targeting civilians
Trump scrabbles to avoid mid-terms setback
Afghan women suffer from both Taliban and Trump
More money for prisons is no answer
Free Lee, Chow and all HK political prisoners!
Self-determination for Western Sahara
Burnham is still “Labour right”. How will the left respond?
How British Trotskyism began
How close are the “tipping points”?
Capital, chapters six and seven
Apologetics ride out
Making a new "philosophical movement"
A wealth tax? A Zucman tax
Musk and feral Trumpism
Public service broadcasting and us
Poor choice for Scottish Labour leader
Sharon Graham re-elected in Unite
Rebuilding union strength in local government
Raising £15,000 by November
All down to service control
Arday: from questions to vilification
Béla Lugosi, 1882-1956, trade union organiser
Students get ready for the term
Rayner agrees to meet MHCLG PCS
RNLI strikers increase pressure on bosses
Iran: against war, against sanctions
Stop Rosebank and Jackdaw
The "Right Side of History"?
Strike for heatwave protection
Fight this bid to ban union trans-inclusivity!
Unite and the "catalogue of deficiencies"
More online: https://workersliberty.org/publications/solidarity/solidarity-773-26-august-2026
Capital pt VIII; Marx, 1867 — Ref #9.9
2026/08/27
Ninth part of the audiobook of Capital Volume 1 by Karl Marx. This section: VIII: Primitive Accumulation. Read online https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/
Study notes at https://www.workersliberty.org/story/2021-09-03/marxs-capital-volume-1-12-week-course
Contents/Timestamps:
Part VIII: Primitive Accumulation
00:00 Chapter 26: The Secret of Primitive Accumulation
07:50 Chapter 27: Expropriation of the Agricultural Population from the Land
33:35 Chapter 28: Bloody Legislation against the Expropriated, from the End of the 15th Century. Forcing down of Wages by Acts of Parliament
49:35 Chapter 29: Genesis of the Capitalist Farmer
52:40 Chapter 30: Reaction of the Agricultural Revolution on Industry. Creation of the Home-Market for Industrial Capital
01:00:25 Chapter 31: Genesis of the Industrial Capitalist
01:23:10 Chapter 32: Historical Tendency of Capitalist Accumulation
01:29:45 Chapter 33: The Modern Theory of Colonisation
Otto Rühle's abridged version at https://workersliberty.org/capital-abridgement
Ninth part of #9 of Marxist points of reference reading list: https://workersliberty.org/story/2026-01-28/marxist-points-reference-reading-list
Playlist of recordings from that list at https://soundcloud.com/workers-liberty/sets/marxist-points-of-reference-a
Subscribe to the podcast "Solidarity & more" by "Workers' Liberty" wherever you listen to podcasts. More info: https://workersliberty.org/audio
Music and audiobook (Andrew S. Rightenburg) public domain
Capital pt VII; Marx, 1867 — Ref #9.8
2026/08/26
Eighth part of the audiobook of Capital Volume 1 by Karl Marx. This section: Part VII: The Accumulation of Capital. Read online https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/
Contents/Timestamps (see below for tables):
Part VII: The Accumulation of Capital
00:00 Intro to Part VII
03:18 Chapter 23: Simple Reproduction
27:37 Chapter 24: Conversion of Surplus-Value into Capital
Section 1: Capitalist Production on a Progressively Increasing Scale. Transition of the Laws of Property that Characterise Production of Commodities into Laws of Capitalist Appropriation
Section 2: Erroneous Conception, by Political Economy, of Reproduction on a Progressively Increasing Scale
Section 3: Separation of Surplus-Value into Capital and Revenue. The Abstinence Theory
Section 4: Circumstances that, Independently of the Proportional Division of Surplus-Value into Capital and Revenue, Determine the Amount of Accumulation. Degree of Exploitation of Labour-Power. Productivity of Labour. Growing Difference in Amount Between Capital Employed and Capital Consumed. Magnitude of Capital Advanced
Section 5: The So-Called Labour Fund
01:29:55 Chapter 25: The General Law of Capitalist Accumulation
Section 1: The Increased Demand for labour power that Accompanies Accumulation, the Composition of Capital Remaining the same
Section 2: Relative Diminution of the Variable Part of Capital Simultaneously with the Progress of Accumulation and of the Concentration that Accompanies it
Section 3: Progressive Production of a Relative surplus population or Industrial Reserve Army
Section 4: Different Forms of the Relative surplus population. The General Law of Capitalistic Accumulation
Section 5: Illustrations of the General Law of Capitalist Accumulation
The mentioned table of the distribution of certain incomes in 1864-5 https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/ch25.htm#S5 or summarised below:
1864
Total £95.8m | 308.4k people
Of those £57.0m | 23.3k
Of those £36.4m | 3.6k
Of those £22.8m | 832
Of those £8.7m | 91
1865
Total £105.4m | 332.4k people
Of those £64.6m | 24.3k
Of those £42.5m | 4.0k
Of those £27.6m | 973
Of those £11.1m | 107
The tables on Ireland at https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/ch25.htm#S5f the second summarised (table B/C):
CHANGE IN AREA UNDER CROPS/GRASS IN IRELAND
CEREAL CROPS
1861 ↓ 16k
1862 ↓ 73k
1863 ↓ 145k
1864 ↓ 122k
1865 ↓ 72k
TOTAL ↓ 428k
GREEN CROPS
1861 ↓ 37k
1862 ↓ 75k
1863 ↓ 19k
1864 ↓ 2.3k
1865 ↑ 25k
TOTAL ↓ 108k
GRASS & CLOVER
1861 ↓ 48k
1862 ↑ 6.6k
1863 ↑ 7.7k
1864 ↑ 47k
1865 ↑ 69k
TOTAL ↑ 83k
FLAX
1861 ↑ 19k
1862 ↑ 2.1k
1863 ↑ 64k
1864 ↑ 88k
1865 ↓ 50k
TOTAL ↑ 123k
TOTAL CULTIVATED LAND
1861 ↓ 81k
1862 ↓ 139k
1863 ↓ 92k
1864 ↑ 10k
1865 ↓ 28k
TOTAL ↓ 330k
↓ decrease ↑ increase
k = thousand acres
Study notes at https://www.workersliberty.org/story/2021-09-03/marxs-capital-volume-1-12-week-course
Otto Rühle's abridged version at https://workersliberty.org/capital-abridgement
Eighth part of #9 of Marxist points of reference reading list: https://workersliberty.org/story/2026-01-28/marxist-points-reference-reading-list
Playlist of recordings from that list at https://soundcloud.com/workers-liberty/sets/marxist-points-of-reference-a
Subscribe to the podcast "Solidarity & more" by "Workers' Liberty" wherever you listen to podcasts. More info: https://workersliberty.org/audio
Music and audiobook (Andrew S. Rightenburg) public domain
Capital pt V-VI; Marx, 1867 — Ref #9.7
2026/08/25
Seventh part of the audiobook of Capital Volume 1 by Karl Marx. This section: Part V: Production of Absolute and Relative Surplus-Value and Part VI: Wages. Read online https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/
Study notes at https://www.workersliberty.org/story/2021-09-03/marxs-capital-volume-1-12-week-course
Contents/timestamps:
Part V: Production of Absolute and Relative Surplus-Value
00:00 Chapter 16: Absolute and Relative Surplus-Value
20:53 Chapter 17: Changes of Magnitude in the Price of Labour-Power and in Surplus-Value
Section 1: Length of the Working day and Intensity of Labour Constant. Productiveness of Labour Variable
Section 2: Working day Constant. Productiveness of Labour Constant. Intensity of Labour Variable
Section 3: Productiveness and Intensity of Labour Constant. Length of the Working day Variable
Section 4: Simultaneous Variations in the Duration, Productiveness, and Intensity of Labour
45:08 Chapter 18: Various Formula for the Rate of Surplus-Value
Part VI: Wages
51:38 Chapter 19: The Transformation of the Value (and Respective Price) of Labour-Power into Wages
01:06:04 Chapter 20: Time-Wages
01:18:40 Chapter 21: Piece Wages
01:31:17 Chapter 22: National Differences of Wages
Otto Rühle's abridged version at https://workersliberty.org/capital-abridgement
Seventh part of #9 of Marxist points of reference reading list: https://workersliberty.org/story/2026-01-28/marxist-points-reference-reading-list
Playlist of recordings from that list at https://soundcloud.com/workers-liberty/sets/marxist-points-of-reference-a
Subscribe to the podcast "Solidarity & more" by "Workers' Liberty" wherever you listen to podcasts. More info: https://workersliberty.org/audio
Music and audiobook (Andrew S. Rightenburg) public domain
Capital pt IV ch. 15; Marx, 1867 — Ref #9.6
2026/08/22
Sixth part of the audiobook of Capital Volume 1 by Karl Marx. This section: Part IV: Production of Relative Surplus-Value — chapter 15 (i.e. the rest of part IV). Read online https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/
Figures mentioned can be found within the following sections:
§5 https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/ch15.htm#S5
Summarised below, the UK-wide result of mechanical improvements in the cotton industry due to the USA civil war.
1857 | 1861 | 1868
Factories: 2,210 | 2,887 | 2,549
Power looms: 298,847 | 399,992 | 379,329
Spindles: 28.01m | 30.39m | 32.00m
Employed: 379,213 | 451,569 | 401,064
§7 https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/ch15.htm#S7
Summarised, grain etc. UK imports/exports:
Years: 1831–35 | 1836–40 | 1841–45 | 1846–50 | 1851–55 | 1856–60 | 1861–65 | 1866
Import: 1.10mn | 2.39mn | 2.84mn | 8.78mn | 8.35mn | 10.91mn | 15.01mn | 16.46mn
Export: 0.23mn | 0.25mn | 0.14mn | 0.16mn | 0.31mn | 0.34mn | 0.30mn | 0.22mn
Excess: 0.87mn | 2.14mn | 2.70mn | 8.62mn | 8.04mn | 10.57mn | 14.71mn | 16.24mn
Population: 24.62mn | 25.93mn | 27.26mn | 27.80mn | 27.57mn | 28.39mn | 29.38mn | 29.94mn
Corn/head: 0.036 | 0.082 | 0.099 | 0.310 | 0.291 | 0.372 | 0.501 | 0.543
§8C https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/ch15.htm#S8c
Chief medical officer gave evidence of impacts of industries on health:
Industry & # employed | Deaths/100,000 by age: 25–35 | 35–45 | 45–55
Agriculture (E&W), 958,265 employed | 743 | 805 | 1,145
London tailors, 22,301 men + 12,379 women | 958 | 1,262 | 2,093
London printers, 13,803 employed | 894 | 1,747 | 2,367
Study notes at https://www.workersliberty.org/story/2021-09-03/marxs-capital-volume-1-12-week-course
Contents:
Part IV: Production of Relative Surplus-Value
Chapter 15: Machinery and Modern Industry
Section 1 : The Development of Machinery
Section 2: The Value Transferred by Machinery to the Product
Section 3: The Proximate Effects of Machinery on the Workman
Section 4: The Factory
Section 5: The Strife Between Workman and Machine
Section 6: The Theory of Compensation as Regards the Workpeople Displaced by Machinery
Section 7: Repulsion and Attraction of Workpeople by the Factory System. Crises in the Cotton Trade
Section 8: Revolution Effected in Manufacture, Handicrafts, and Domestic Industry by Modern Industry
Section 9: The Factory Acts. Sanitary and Educational Clauses of the same. Their General Extension in England
Section 10: Modern Industry and Agriculture
Otto Rühle's abridged version at https://workersliberty.org/capital-abridgement
Sixth part of #9 of Marxist points of reference reading list: https://workersliberty.org/story/2026-01-28/marxist-points-reference-reading-list
Playlist of recordings from that list at https://soundcloud.com/workers-liberty/sets/marxist-points-of-reference-a
Subscribe to the podcast "Solidarity & more" by "Workers' Liberty" wherever you listen to podcasts. More info: https://workersliberty.org/audio
Music and audiobook (Andrew S. Rightenburg) public domain
Capital pt IV ch. 12-14; Marx, 1867 — Ref #9.5
2026/08/22
Fifth part of the audiobook of Capital Volume 1 by Karl Marx. This section: Part IV: Production of Relative Surplus-Value — chapters 12 to 14. Read online https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/
Study notes at https://www.workersliberty.org/story/2021-09-03/marxs-capital-volume-1-12-week-course
Contents/timestamps:
Part IV: Production of Relative Surplus-Value
00:00 Chapter 12: The Concept of Relative Surplus-Value
19:11 Chapter 13: Co-operation
45:04 Chapter 14: Division of Labour and Manufacture
Section 1: Two-Fold Origin of Manufacture
Section 2: The Detail Labourer and his Implements
Section 3: The Two Fundamental Forms of Manufacture: Heterogeneous Manufacture, Serial Manufacture
Section 4: Division of Labour in Manufacture, and Division of Labour in Society
Section 5: The Capitalistic Character of Manufacture
Otto Rühle's abridged version at https://workersliberty.org/capital-abridgement
Fifth part of #9 of Marxist points of reference reading list: https://workersliberty.org/story/2026-01-28/marxist-points-reference-reading-list
Playlist of recordings from that list at https://soundcloud.com/workers-liberty/sets/marxist-points-of-reference-a
Subscribe to the podcast "Solidarity & more" by "Workers' Liberty" wherever you listen to podcasts. More info: https://workersliberty.org/audio
Music and audiobook (Andrew S. Rightenburg) public domain
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