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My conversation with Aubrey de Grey, a biomedical gerontologist, founder of the LEV Foundation, and author of Ending Aging. Watch on YouTube or X. Listen on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, or any other podcast platform. Follow me on X for updates on future episodes. Timestamps 0:00 - SENS vs. the Hallmarks of Aging2:47 - The Robust Mouse Rejuvenation experiment5:48 - Is SENS falsifiable?7:12 - CMLase and extracellular matrix damage10:28 - VEGF and extending lifespan in mice11:37 - Why longevity studies rarely get replicated13:05 - Michael Levin, bioelectricity & aging as information loss15:03 - Is partial reprogramming overhyped?17:32 - The most neglected areas of longevity research18:56 - Longevity escape velocity explained20:28 - Will people alive today live long enough?23:42 - How far are we from dramatically extending mouse lifespan?24:54 - What happens to society if we solve aging?27:20 - How longevity could reshape the global economy28:44 - Does mortality give life meaning?30:00 - Aubrey on the “pro-aging trance”31:34 - What Aubrey would do after solving aging This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.arjunkhemani.com

My conversation with Michael Levin, a biologist at Tufts University whose research explores bioelectricity, regeneration, morphogenesis, and how cells collectively process information to build and repair bodies.Topics we discuss are well captured by the timestamps below. Watch on YouTube or X. Listen on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, or any other podcast platform. Follow me on X for updates on future episodes. Timestamps 0:00 - Causes and downstream effects of aging3:31 - Bioelectric patterns and memory in regeneration9:30 - Cracking the bioelectric code12:10 - The boredom theory of aging23:11 - The germline is ageless25:45 - Bioelectricity and epigenetic reprogramming27:15 - What experiment could falsify Mike’s ideas?29:13 - The role of aging clocks and biological age31:06 - Top-down control in biological systems39:09 - Consciousness and its implications48:25 - Changing human goals and preferences51:30 - The future of medicine This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.arjunkhemani.com

Karl Pfleger is the founder of agingbiotech.info and an investor in several rejuvenation startups. Topics we discuss are well captured by the timestamps below. Watch on YouTube or X. Listen on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, or any other podcast platform. Follow me on X for updates on future episodes. Timestamps 0:00 - Why lifespan is the wrong metric for aging progress 7:28 - Is the hallmarks of aging expanding a problem? 11:36 - Structures vs. processes: the key distinction in aging targets 16:14 - Why Karl favors divide-and-conquer rejuvenation over slowing aging 22:07 - Whole-body replacement and organ/cell-level rejuvenation 26:56 - Is partial epigenetic reprogramming the kill-shot for aging? 35:24 - CMLase and reversing crosslink damage 40:57 - Can AI just solve aging automatically? 46:57 - Funding misallocation and the case for more aging biotech companies/VC 57:28 - Objections to eliminating aging — and why none hold up 1:01:27 - Karl critiques Bryan Johnson’s “Don’t Die” This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.arjunkhemani.com

David D. Friedman is an anarcho-capitalist economist. He is the author of The Machinery of Freedom, Future Imperfect, and several other books. Topics we discuss are well captured by the timestamps below. Watch on YouTube or X. Listen on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, or any other podcast platform. Follow me on X for updates on future episodes. Timestamps 0:00 – The economics of longevity 8:05 – Epigenetic reprogramming 12:37 – Overpopulation and the “ultimate resource” 16:33 – Fluid vs. crystallized intelligence, aging and political power 20:46 – Cryonics 24:35 – AI, open source, and the surveillance state 28:29 – Zcash, privacy, and cryptocurrency 41:12 – Taxes, government, and money supply 50:27 – A poem about tyranny and benevolence 56:42 – Education and its resistance to change 1:05:42 – Argentina, Milei, and planning for an uncertain future This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.arjunkhemani.com

Sean Bowe is a core cryptographer and engineer who played a major role in building Zcash’s technology. Dev Ojha, also a cryptographer, is the founder of Osmosis. He is now working on helping Zcash scale and go post quantum. Topics we discuss are well captured by the timestamps below. Watch on YouTube or X. Listen on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, or any other podcast platform. Follow me on X for updates on future episodes. Timestamps 0:00 - Why Dev’s working on Zcash 12:24 - AI is surveillance’s ultimate weapon 13:33 - Encrypted money must scale 15:49 - Compliant “privacy” is an oxymoron 19:25 - PIR for scaling Zcash 36:35 - How Tachyon and PIR work hand in hand 43:47 - Quantum recoverability 47:18 - Is quantum the last cryptography problem? 51:41 - Easier coinholder voting process 1:03:15 - Zcash roadmap 1:17:34 - What Zcash looks like at scale This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.arjunkhemani.com

Sean Bowe and Jack Grigg aka str4d are both cryptographic engineers working on the Zcash protocol. Sean’s latest project is Tachyon, intended to bring encrypted money into the hands of 8 billion people. Topics we discuss are well captured by the timestamps below. Watch on YouTube or X. Listen on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, or any other podcast platform. Follow me on X for updates on future episodes. Timestamps 0:00 - Project Tachyon 10:20 - Privacy can’t be an afterthought for a protocol 15:24 - Encrypted Bitcoin 22:11 - Soundness bug in original sprout pool 30:15 - Sapling 33:00 - A decade of progress 39:04 - Zcash’s anonymity set 51:29 - Using private money as a passthrough doesn’t work 56:04 - The importance of ledger indistinguishability 58:30 - The ultimate privacy stack 1:05:58 - Tachyon removes all cryptographic bottlenecks of encrypted money 1:08:16 - What’s next after Tachyon? 1:15:25 - Weightless blockchains? 1:18:24 - Ragu 1:19:44 - What the next 12 months look like for Jack and Sean 1:31:22 - “Everything worth doing is worth doing on ambitious timelines.” — Sean 1:32:16 - Sean’s advice for young engineers 1:34:18 - What got Sean and Jack into Zcash? This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.arjunkhemani.com

My conversation with Samo Burja, founder of Bismarck Analysis. He chairs the editorial board of Palladium Magazine. Topics we discuss are well captured by the timestamps below. Watch on YouTube or X. Listen on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, or any other podcast platform. Follow me on X for updates on future episodes. Click here to support my work. Timestamps 0:00 - Intro 1:18 - Live players 5:41 - Great Founder Theory 11:20 - Our material technology rests on our social interactions 14:23 - Optimism, pessimism, and human agency 23:21 - Operationalized knowledge 25:22 - Lost and dead traditions of knowledge 27:34 - Tradition of criticism 29:36 - The most important piece of knowledge to preserve 32:27 - Common features of declining societies 39:18 - Are the Spartan warriors overrated and just had very good PR? 42:07 - DOGE and bureaucracy in America 45:28 - The machinery of freedom 47:43 - Tech Samo is most excited about over the next 5 years 50:10 - Curtis Yarvin and the orbital authority 55:01 - Samo’s advice for young people Follow me on X. Follow Samo on X. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.arjunkhemani.com

My conversation with Zooko Wilcox and Josh Swihart on unstoppable private money. Zooko Wilcox is a legendary cypherpunk and one of the founders of Zcash—private, digital money. Josh Swihart is the CEO of Electric Coin Company, the team behind the Zcash protocol and the Zashi wallet app. Topics we discuss are well captured by the timestamps below. Watch on YouTube or X. Listen on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, or any other podcast platform. Follow me on X for updates on future episodes. Timestamps 0:00 - Maya Protocol integrates with Zcash 3:52 - Coinbase social engineering attack 7:43 - Private money negates capital controls 14:13 - Privacy comes from money at rest 18:24 - The Zashi effect and future roadmap 25:11 - Project Tachyon 39:10 - Zcash’s anonymity set doesn’t depend on the number of its users 45:37 - Turnstiles in Zcash and the 2018 inflation bug 57:28 - “ZK” has become a marketing stunt among crypto projects 59:48 - On Binance delisting ZEC 1:01:35 - A transition toward using crypto as it was originally intended 1:04:52 - Should exchanges use transparent addresses? 1:17:38 - Coin holder voting in Zcash 1:23:38 - Sci-fi influence 1:28:37 - Gary Gensler 1:29:40 - Why I like Zcash Follow Zooko on X. Follow Josh on X. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.arjunkhemani.com

My conversation with Ethan Thornton, founder of Mach Industries. Topics we discuss are well captured by the timestamps below. Watch on YouTube or X. Listen on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, or any other podcast platform. Follow me on X for updates on future episodes. Click here to support my work. Timestamps 0:00 - Intro 1:07 - Why Mach needs to exist 3:16 - Early experiments 5:07 - Dropping out of MIT 8:36 - Raising $85 million at 19 years old 11:20 - Decentralized vertical supply chains 13:54 - The most important domain of the next century 15:55 - Betting on hydrogen 18:11 - Overview of Viper and Glide 21:06 - Building feedback loops across teams 25:29 - Facing regulatory hurdles 28:19 - Knowing when to be risk tolerant 29:54 - Time until China invades Taiwan 31:45 - The future of warfare 42:29 - Takeaways from the (unmanned) war in Ukraine 48:23 - Biggest influences on Ethan’s life 49:37 - Mach’s long-term plan Follow me on X. Follow Ethan on X. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.arjunkhemani.com

My conversation with philosopher and author Peter Boghossian. Topics we discuss are well captured by the timestamps below. Watch on YouTube or X. Listen on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, or any other podcast platform. Follow me on X for updates on future episodes. Click here to support my work. Timestamps 0:00 - The enlightenment 5:51 - The dangers of moral relativism 21:28 - Modern education is failing us 31:14 - What’s worth preserving in the West 37:00 - Is wokeism filling the void left by atheism? 38:04 - The spread of Islamism 45:49 - Speech is not violence 49:11 - Derangements of science 52:48 - The myth of the framework 56:34 - Why you should learn epistemology 58:05 - The instinct to belong trumps what’s true 1:02:44 - Chasing likes versus pursuing truth 1:05:08 - What is Peter most optimistic and most pessimistic about Follow me on X. Follow Peter on X. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.arjunkhemani.com

My conversation with Zooko, Nate Wilcox, and Sean Bowe about the Zcash protocol. Zooko is a cypherpunk who co-founded Zcash along with his brother, Nate Wilcox, and others. Sean Bowe is a cryptographer and engineer who has played a crucial role in the development of Zcash and has made significant contributions to advancements in zero-knowledge proofs, particularly zk-SNARKs, which underpin Zcash’s privacy features. Topics we discuss are well captured by the timestamps below. Watch on YouTube or X. Listen on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, or any other podcast platform. Follow me on X for updates on future episodes. Click here to support my work. Timestamps 0:00 - Zooko Wilcox-O’Hearn 0:04 - Writing the first blog post on Bitcoin ever 6:21 - Bitcoin’s fundamental privacy flaw 9:40 - Unstoppable private money 12:19 - Will Zcash compete with Bitcoin as a store of value? 14:24 - How many people are using Zcash? 16:18 - Good security is good usability 20:10 - Social credit systems and ubiquitous surveillance 23:43 - Why Monero’s privacy tech can’t work 35:21 - Integrating ZKPs into other blockchains 39:51 - Privacy comes from money at rest, not from money in flight 47:42 - Why did the price of ZEC fall so drastically in the beginning? 51:49 - Zcash stablecoins? 55:50 - Quantum threats to Zcash 1:02:50 - Encrypted love notes in the blockchain' 1:07:07 - Privacy enabled cultural trends 1:12:43 - Nate Wilcox 1:14:38 - Why do you need privacy if you have nothing to hide? 1:16:16 - A brief history of Zcash 1:22:42 - Why does Zcash have opt-in privacy? 1:26:55 - Does Zcash still rely on a trusted setup? 1:30:49 - Upgrading the Zcash protocol to Hybrid PoW/PoS 1:40:50 - A bug that almost killed Zcash 1:52:40 - Zcash’s funding model 2:09:09 - Why can’t privacy be added as an L2? 2:14:35 - Scaling Zcash and making it more interoperable 2:23:16 - Shielded Labs 2:24:39 - Nate’s vision for Zcash 2:27:53 - Sean Bowe 2:32:53 - Censorship resistance is a spectrum 2:35:26 - Will privacy coins be banned? 2:37:49 - Privacy and scalability 2:41:47 - Programmable money 2:43:31 - Summary of Sean’s contributions to the field of cryptography 2:55:17 - Zcash might get privacy against quantum adversaries for free 3:00:14 - Halo 3:05:34 - What Sean’s working on right now 3:11:54 - What has influenced Sean’s thinking in cryptography the most? 3:13:36 - Being a high school dropout working in crypto 3:15:08 - Zcash is just getting started Follow me on X. Follow Zooko on X. Follow Nate on X. Follow Sean on X. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.arjunkhemani.com

My conversation with Naval Ravikant. Enjoy! Watch on YouTube or X. Listen on Apple Podcasts or Spotify. Click here to support my work. Timestamps 0:00 - The Theory of Everything 4:48 - How do you know what’s true? 7:51 - Groups search for consensus, individuals search for truth 13:07 - We have never run out of a single resource 15:25 - Are we destroying the Earth? 17:48 - Marxism denies wealth creation 21:28 - Regulation kills innovation 27:05 - Degrowth and the fall of Western universities 33:31 - Why the West is best 35:47 - Federalism 38:10 - Everyone wants to live forever 41:44 - Humans are universal explainers 43:25 - Collectivism vs. individualism 50:44 - You cannot explain the universe without explaining humans 55:02 - How David Deutsch’s ideas have changed Naval’s life 1:02:31 - The scientific method isn’t possible 1:05:07 - The low-hanging fruit theory is a bad explanation 1:08:19 - The biggest threats to Western civilization Follow me on X. Follow Naval on X. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.arjunkhemani.com

I had the pleasure of sitting down with David Deutsch in his lovely garden in Oxford a few months ago. Here’s our conversation. Topics we discuss are well captured by the timestamps below. Watch on YouTube or X. Listen on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, or any other podcast platform. Follow me on X for updates on future episodes. Click here to support my work. Timestamps 1:01 - A tragic view of human history 7:04 - Why did it take so long for civilization to arise? 13:31 - Fallibilism 21:32 - Cultural relativism denies improvement 24:03 - Richard Dawkins and indigenous ways of knowing 26:49 - Chemical scum that dream of distant quasars 31:38 - The era of man 37:55 - People are unlike any other force of nature 42:51 - The dangers of regulating AI 48:09 - Are we running out of resources? 54:21 - Everything in existing educational theory is wrong 1:11:30 - When David met Richard Feynman 1:17:33 - Everyone is a Popperian 1:20:16 - Only progress is sustainable 1:26:00 - The biggest threat to Western civilization Follow me on X. Follow David on X. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.arjunkhemani.com

Julian Barbour is a renowned physicist known for his groundbreaking work on the nature of time. In his influential books, The End of Time and The Janus Point he explores the concept of a timeless universe, challenging traditional views. Samuel Kuypers is a theoretical physicist, currently located in Montréal, who is interested in the foundations of quantum theory and time. Topics we discuss are well captured by the timestamps below. Watch on YouTube or X. Listen on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, or any other podcast platform. Follow me on X for updates on future episodes. Click here to support my work. You can also send me bitcoin to this address. Timestamps 1:10 - The instant is not in time, time is in the instant 6:27 - Time capsules and evidence of time passing 9:22 - Newton’s view of absolute time and space 18:46 - Shape dynamics 24:33 - Mathematics of variety 37:51 - Newton’s theory as a theory of creation 56:23 - How shape dynamics relates to general relativity 1:06:50 - Entropy and heat death of the universe 1:28:13 - Free will and determinism 1:33:22 - Carpe diem 1:34:13 - Julian’s interest in Shakespeare 1:40:54 - Question from David Deutsch about quantum theory 1:48:56 - Question from Brett Hall about general relativity and QT 1:51:51 - Final remarks This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.arjunkhemani.com

Click here to support my work. You can also send me bitcoin to this address. Nat Eliason is a writer and crypto insider with a wildly popular newsletter and podcast. He is the author of the book Crypto Confidential: Winning and Losing Millions in the New Frontier of Finance. Topics we discuss are well captured by the timestamps below. Watch on YouTube or X. Listen on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, or any other podcast platform. Follow me on X for updates on future episodes. Timestamps 0:49 - Ayn Rand 6:40 - The transition from writing online to writing a book 12:26 - Marketing Crypto Confidential 16:43 - Writing for the modern world 21:20 - Come for the money, stay for the tech 26:49 - Decentralized social media 30:19 - Don’t be someone’s exit liquidity! 34:39 - The value of authenticity 36:39 - The advantages of being pseudonymous 39:19 - Constraints can help us be creative 42:53 - Is note-taking valuable? 46:02 - The future of work 50:11 - Strava for writing 53:49 - What idea sounds crazy today but will be mainstream in 5-10 years? 1:01:00 - Why Nat doesn’t use shampoo and other conventional health products Follow Nat on X: http://x.com/nateliason Get Nat’s book Crypto Confidential: https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0593714040 This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.arjunkhemani.com