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Scott Aaronson is the Schlumberger Centennial Chair of Computer Science at The University of Texas at Austin, and director of its Quantum Information Center. He researches the capabilities and limits of quantum computers, and computational complexity theory more generally. For the 2022-2023 and 2023-2024 academic years, he was on leave to work at OpenAI on the theoretical foundations of AI safety. In this episode of Robinson’s Podcast, Scott answers a host of questions about the basics of quantum computing. He and Robinson discuss the physics- and computer science elements of the field, how it connects to the foundations of quantum mechanics, the biggest myths about quantum computing, and whether quantum computers will every actually be built. Scott’s Blog: https://scottaaronson.blog OUTLINE 00:00 Scott’s Interest in Quantum Computing 07:10 Distinguishing the Physics from the Computer Science 14:43 What Is Quantum Computation? 39:41 The Interpretations of Quantum Mechanics 53:31 Quantum Information 55:54 Prime Factorization 01:03:19 The Biggest Myths About Quantum Computing 01:14:06 Can Quantum Computers Actually Be Built? Robinson’s Website: http://robinsonerhardt.com Robinson Erhardt researches symbolic logic and the foundations of mathematics at Stanford University, where he is also a JD candidate in the Law School.

Jeffrey Pfeffer is the Thomas D. Dee II Professor of Organizational Behavior at the Graduate School of Business, Stanford University where he has taught since 1979. He is the author or co-author of 16 books. Dr. Pfeffer received his B.S. and M.S. degrees from Carnegie-Mellon University and his Ph.D. from Stanford. In this episode, Robinson and Jeffrey discuss the field of organizational behavior. More particularly, they talk about the aims and methods of the field, some of its subjects—such as power and influence—and case studies. Jeffrey’s latest book is the 7 Rules of Power (Holt, 2022).  7 Rules of Power: https://a.co/d/58WWhiC OUTLINE OUTLINE 00:00 Introduction 05:46 Understanding Vs Implementation 11:42 The Seven Principles of Influence 19:33 Evolutionary Biology 20:49 How Self-Interest Rules Organizations 29:37 Power and the Prevalence of Conspiracies 33:53 Jeffrey Epstein and the Laws of Power 42:55 The Administration of Health Benefits 49:16 How Jeffrey’s Research Has Influenced His Behavior 59:06 The Price of Power Robinson’s Website: http://robinsonerhardt.com Robinson Erhardt researches symbolic logic and the foundations of mathematics at Stanford University, where he is also a JD candidate in the Law School.

Lee Cronin is Regius Chair of Chemistry at the University of Glasgow. Among his many pursuits are the digitization of chemistry, the discovery of alien life, and the creation of artificial life. Lee was most recently on the show for episode 264, in which he and Robinson and Lee discussed astrobiology, the chemistry of life as we know it, and the controversies surrounding artificial intelligence. In this follow-up conversation, they focused primarily on artificial intelligence, aliens, and assembly theory. Lee’s Website: https://www.chem.gla.ac.uk/cronin/ Lee’s Twitter: https://x.com/leecronin OUTLINE 00:00 Introduction 01:01 AI or Aliens?02:46 What Is Intelligence?13:57 Are Autonomous Vehicles Intelligent?21:39 Assembly Theory and the Origin of Life28:23 Is ChatGPT Intelligent?34:12 What Would Genuine Artificial Intelligence Really Look Like?41:13 Are “AI Skills” Just Product Placement?49:45 Are AI Actually Intelligent “Agents”?56:21 Concluding Thoughts59:16 Will Aliens Be Biological?01:00:01 How Common Are Aliens in the Universe?01:05:51 How Will Aliens Search for Life on Earth?01:12:58 The Chemistry of Minds01:17:10 The Biggest Myths About Aliens Robinson’s Website: http://robinsonerhardt.com Robinson Erhardt researches symbolic logic and the foundations of mathematics at Stanford University, where he is also a JD candidate in the Law School.

Annaka Harris is the New York Times bestselling author of CONSCIOUS: A Brief Guide to the Fundamental Mystery of the Mind and writer and producer of the audio documentary series, LIGHTS ON. Her work has appeared in The New York Times, Nautilus Magazine, the Journal of Consciousness Studies, and IAI Magazine. She is also an editor and consultant for science writers, specializing in neuroscience and physics. In this episode, Robinson and Annaka discuss panpsychism and the case that consciousness is fundamental. More particularly, they talk about complexity and emergence, the relationship between consciousness and physics, and artificial intelligence. Lights On: https://a.co/d/cy8YTpd Conscious: https://a.co/d/3uFZ2Jq Annaka’s Website: https://annakaharris.com OUTLINE 00:00 Introduction 00:52 Annaka’s Obsession with Consciousness 06:09 How Should We Define Consciousness? 13:06 Why the Complexity Might Not Explain Consciousness 25:30 Is Consciousness Emergent or Fundamental? 29:45 Are Fundamentalia Conscious? 45:18 How Can Consciousness Solve Deep Problems of Physics? 52:14 Consciousness and Quantum Entanglement 01:00:11 Consciousness and the Many Worlds Theory of Quantum Mechanics 01:10:50 What Does an Electron Feel? 01:13:41 AI and Consciousness 01:22:42 Science and the Fundamentality of Consciousness Robinson’s Website: http://robinsonerhardt.com Robinson Erhardt researches symbolic logic and the foundations of mathematics at Stanford University, where he is also a JD candidate in the Law School.

Jacob Barandes is Senior Preceptor in Physics at Harvard University, where he works widely across the philosophy of physics, with focuses on the foundations of quantum mechanics, the philosophy of spacetime, and the metaphysics of laws. In this episode, Robinson and Jacob focus on the foundations of quantum mechanics. They discuss the importance of history and philosophy in the same, its connections to mathematics, many of the biggest puzzles in quantum physics, and Jacob’s new approach to the foundations, which he refers to as the “Indivisibility” approach. Jacob's Website: https://www.jacobbarandes.com OUTLINE 00:00 Mathematics, Nature, and Physics 07:55 The Deep Link Between Math and Physics CLIP 15:21 Scrutinizing the History and Philosophy of Physics 28:11 A Digression on Achille Varzi 36:53 The Etymology of “Matrix” 41:17 Learning from the History of Physics 52:38 Why Does Quantum Mechanics Need New Foundations? 59:04 Does Quantum Gravity Need New Quantum Foundations? 01;08:26 What Is a Constructive Physical Theory? 01:32:31 Markov Laws and Determinism 01:45:30 The Wave Function 02:06:53 Inconsistencies in Quantum Mechanics 02:12:20 What Is Quantum Decoherence? 02:23:10 The Biggest Problems in Quantum Foundations? 02:33:49 Interpretations of Quantum Mechanics 02:38:57 Quantum Mechanics, Many Worlds, and the Problem of Induction 02:50:05 The Indivisibility Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics 03:04:42 What Are the Fundamentalia of the Universe? Robinson’s Website: http://robinsonerhardt.com Robinson Erhardt researches symbolic logic and the foundations of mathematics at Stanford University, where he is also a JD candidate in the Law School.

Lee Cronin is Regius Chair of Chemistry at the University of Glasgow. Among his many pursuits are the digitization of chemistry, the discovery of alien life, and the creation of artificial life. In this episode, Robinson and Lee focus on astrobiology, the chemistry of life as we know it, and the controversies surrounding artificial intelligence. Lee’s Website: https://www.chem.gla.ac.uk/cronin/ Lee’s Twitter: https://x.com/leecronin OUTLINE 00:00 Introduction 00:55 Lee’s Interests in the Origin of Life 10:29 Is Life Unique to Earth? 18:16 What Is the Self? 24:05 Is the Selfish Gene Hypothesis Wrong? 30:46  How Does Sand Turn into Cells? 44:02 What Is Chemputation? 45:41 What Is Assembly Theory? 01:11:33 Why Won’t We Find a Mine of Coffee Mugs on an Asteroid? 01:25:09 Has AI Become a Cult? 01:32:16 Will AI Use Biological Weapons to Wipe Out Humanity? 01:55:24 Why AI Can’t Be Agents Robinson’s Website: http://robinsonerhardt.com Robinson Erhardt researches symbolic logic and the foundations of mathematics at Stanford University, where he is also a JD candidate in the Law School.

Sara Imari Walker is Professor in the School of Earth and Space Exploration at Arizona State University, where she is Deputy Director of the Beyond Center. Sara is an astrobiologist and theoretical physicist, with research interests in the origins of life, artificial life, life and detection on other worlds. In this episode, Robinson and Sara discuss the physics that makes life possible. More particularly, they discuss assembly theory, the growing field of astrobiology, the difficulties of defining life, and where we are most likely to find aliens. Sara’s latest book is Life as No One Knows It: The Physics of Life’s Emergence (Riverhead Books, 2024). Life as No One Knows It: https://a.co/d/2fdKa2e OUTLINE 00:00 Introduction 00:35 The Connection Between Physics and Biology 07:15 Philosophy and the Origin of Life 10:03 Is the Selfish Gene Theory Wrong? 22:17 On Her Work with Lee Cronin 38:47 Experiments To Discover the Origin of Life 48:52 What Is Assembly Theory? 01:00:42 Are Boltzmann Brains Possible? 01:05:53 The Paradox of Defining Life 01:31:10 Is Life a Vague Concept? 01:38:13 Where Are All the Aliens? Robinson’s Website: http://robinsonerhardt.com Robinson Erhardt researches symbolic logic and the foundations of mathematics at Stanford University, where he is also a JD candidate in the Law School.

Visit our sponsor, Wealthfront!: wealthfront.com/robinson Slavoj Žižek is international director of the Birkbeck Institute for the Humanities at the University of London, visiting professor at New York University, and a senior researcher at the University of Ljubljana’s Department of Philosophy. This is Slavoj’s fifth appearance on the show. On episode 109, he and Robinson discussed wokeness and psychoanalysis. On episode 118, he, Sean Carroll, and Robinson discussed quantum physics, the multiverse, and time travel. And on episode 206 he, Lee Smolin, and Robinson discussed quantum physics. In episode 212, Robinson and Slavoj talk about ancient philosophy, god, communism, quantum mechanics, and psychoanalysis. In this episode, they discuss current political events, marxism, quantum mechanics, and artificial intelligence. Slavoj’s upcoming book is Quantum History: A New Materialist Philosophy (Bloomsbury, 2025).Quantum History: https://a.co/d/7WFcAGi Visit our sponsor, Wealthfront!: wealthfront.com/robinson Promo terms & conditions apply. See our affiliated link for more details. Robinson Erhardt is a Wealthfront client and was compensated for the testimonial and promotion of the Wealthfront Cash Account. This compensation creates a conflict of interest. Experiences may vary among Cash Account clients, and results are not guaranteed.  The Cash Account, which is not a deposit account, is offered by Wealthfront Brokerage LLC ("Wealthfront Brokerage"), Member FINRA/SIPC. Wealthfront Brokerage is not a bank. The Annual Percentage Yield ("APY") on cash deposits as of September 26, 2025, is representative, requires no minimum, and may change at any time. The APY reflects the weighted average of deposit balances at participating Program Banks, which are not allocated equally. Wealthfront Brokerage sweeps cash balances to Program Banks, where they earn the variable APY. If you are eligible for the overall boosted rate of 4.25% offered in connection with this promo, your boosted rate is also subject to change if the base rate decreases during the three-month promotional period. OUTLINE 00:00 Introduction 01:07 Marxism and Quantum Mechanics 07:34 Why We Aren’t Pessimistic Enough 16:29 The Wisdom of the First Philosopher 29:27 The Assassination of Charlie Kirk 38:10 On Curtis Yarvin 49:23 The Naivety of Pete Hegseth 51:06 The Contradiction in American Fascism 57:43 Could a Coup Overthrow Trump? 01:04:17 The Utter Shamelessness of Today’s Society 01:14:15 The Danger of the Disappearing Left 01:18:06 AI Is a Tool of Authoritarian Suppression Robinson’s Website: http://robinsonerhardt.com Robinson Erhardt researches symbolic logic and the foundations of mathematics at Stanford University, where he is also a JD candidate in the Law School.

Go to https://surfshark.com/robinsonerhardt and use code robinsonerhardt at checkout to get 4 extra months of Surfshark VPN! Tyler Cowen is the Holbert L. Harris Chair of Economics at George Mason University and serves as chairman and faculty director of the Mercatus Center at George Mason University. A dedicated writer and communicator of economic ideas, Tyler is the author of several bestselling books and is widely published in academic journals and the popular media. In this episode, Robinson and Tyler discuss the economics of artificial intelligence. More particularly, they touch on whether AI will destroy humanity, how it will affect employment, whether there will no longer be a place for art in the marketplace, and more. Tyler’s latest book is Talent: How to Identify Energizers, Creatives, and Winners Around the World (St. Martin’s Press, 2022). Marginal Revolution: https://marginalrevolution.com Tyler’s X: https://x.com/tylercowen Talent: https://a.co/d/ftqNWcn OUTLINE 00:00:00 Introduction 00:01:03 What is State-Capacity Libertarianism? 00:04:32 Should Government Regulate AI? 00:05:54 Is AI an Existential Threat to Humanity? 00:07:33 The Fallacy of Mood Affiliation 00:11:11 AI Music and the Velvet Sundown 00:15:03 Is AI Ending America’s Great Stagnation? 00:19:45 How Will Top-Tier AI Cognition Impact the Labor Market? 00:30:17 How Will AI Transform Education? 00:42:15 Does AI Doom Human-Generated Research? 00:45:21 Why Is AI Taking Off So Slowly? 00:48:39 Does AI Mean the End of Lawyers? 00:51:41 Is Harvard Just a Dating Hack in the World of AI? 00:54:53 Does AI Help or End Social Mobility? 00:57:03 How We Should Write When AI Is Reading It All? 01:02:24 Will AI Enable Us to Eat All We Want? Robinson’s Website: http://robinsonerhardt.com Robinson Erhardt researches symbolic logic and the foundations of mathematics at Stanford University, where he is also a JD candidate in the Law School.

Reid Hoffman is the co-founder of LinkedIn, Manas AI, and Inflection AI. As an investor at Greylock, he is one of the leading figures in the tech industry, working at the forefront of AI development. In this episode, Reid and Robinson talk all about the future of AI. They begin by covering the worst case scenario—doomsday—and why Reid is optimistic about our chances. From there, they turn to how AI could help us cure cancer, replace therapists, enable us to be more powerful agents, and make our lives better. Reid’s most recent book is Superagency: What Could Possibly Go Right with Our AI Future (2025). Reid’s Website: https://www.reidhoffman.org Superagency: https://a.co/d/hdSZeCY OUTLINE 00:00:00 Introduction 00:01:09 Why Won’t AI Destroy Humanity? 00:06:39 Will AI Be Good or Bad for Employment? 00:08:20 On Optimism 00:10:10 It Isn’t Inevitable that AI Will Wipe Out Human Life 00:19:03 How to Align AI with Human Interests 00:24:40 Reid’s Interest in Friendship 00:32:13 Why AI Can’t be Our Friends 00:36:33 Could AI Replace Therapists? 00:45:18 Using AI to Cure Cancer 00:52:04 Will AI Extinguish Humanity with a Virus? 01:00:02 How Will AI Make Us More Powerful Agents? 01:07:06 Will Academia Be Revolutionized by AI? 01:15:10 Are You an AI Native? 01:17:36 How to Invest in AI Robinson’s Website: http://robinsonerhardt.com Robinson Erhardt researches symbolic logic and the foundations of mathematics at Stanford University, where he is also a JD candidate in the Law School.

Support our sponsor, FarmKind, to fix factory farming: https://www.farmkind.giving The code “ROBINSON” will increase your donation by 50% with a bump from large donors. Kenneth Roth is the Charles and Marie Robertson Visiting Professor at the Princeton School for Public and International Affairs. Until August 2022, he served for nearly three decades as the executive director of Human Rights Watch. In this episode, Robinson and Ken discuss his work with HRW and what he has been doing since. More particularly, they get into the details of how HRW operated, how shaming tactics can be deployed against figures like Putin, Trump, and Orban, Israel and Palestine, the relationship between genocide and ethnic cleansing, and more. For more, read Ken’s recent book, Righting Wrongs: Three Decades on the Front Lines Battling Abusive Governments (Knopf, 2025). Righting Wrongs: https://a.co/d/gHkbmmw OUTLINE 00:00 Introduction 00:00:53 Why Human Rights? 00:08:23 How Does Human Rights Watch Work? 00:14:04 Can Putin or Orban Be Shamed? 00:21:14 Can Trump Be Shamed into Standing Up to Putin? 00:26:53 Libya, Gaddafi, and Forcing the Release of Political Prisoners 00:29:14 Fighting the Dreaded M23 Rebel Group in Congo 00:31:56 Why Governments Always Violate Human Rights 00:33:57 Is Torture Ever Justified? 00:38:21 Facts and Investigations 00:46:27 Verifying Starvation and Famine in Gaza 00:51:29 Can Netanyahu Be Shamed? 00:58:24 Genocide vs. Ethnic Cleansing in Palestine 01:04:16 The United States’ Biggest Human Rights Violations 01:09:24 Sudan: The World’s Worst Humanitarian Crisis

Support our sponsor, FarmKind, to fix factory farming: https://www.farmkind.giving The code “ROBINSON” will increase your donation by 50% with a bump from large donors. Richard Wolff is Professor Emeritus of Economics at the University of Massachusetts Amherst and a visiting professor at The New School, where he works on economics in the Marxist tradition. This is Richard’s ninth  appearance on Robinson’s Podcast. In this episode, Richard and Robinson discuss the tariffs that President Donald Trump would like to place on goods imported from around the world. More particularly, they cover the real problems America is facing that Trump has to solve, the connection to Russia, China, and the BRICS, Elon Musk and electric vehicles, and more. Richard’s latest book is Understanding Capitalism (Democracy at Work, 2024). Understanding Capitalism (Book): https://www.democracyatwork.info/understanding_capitalism Richard’s Website: https://www.rdwolff.com Economic Update: https://www.democracyatwork.info/economicupdate OUTLINE 00:00:00 Introduction 00:01:07 Is Trump’s Tariff Plan Nuts? 00:06:31 Is the United States Unsustainable? 00:15:33 Can Tariffs Solve America’s Debt Problems? 00:19:17 Tesla’s Electric Vehicle Tariff War on China 00:25:19 The Declining American Empire 00:32:53 Exposing the Myths About Trump’s Tariffs 00:44:55 The Empty Promises of American Politics 00:53:54 Why DC Doesn’t Have Representation in Congress 01:00:22 The Bizarre Alliance Between Israel and the United States 01:04:48 Why Russia Is Exempt from Trump’s Tariffs 01:13:48 Are Israel and the United States “Winning” Against Gaza? 01:24:25 How Wealth Now Controls the United States 01:27:52 On The Impending Economic Downturn in the United States 01:31:47 How Trump is Turning Allies into Enemies 01:37:12 America’s Terrible Healthcare 01:42:25 Who Really Rules America? 01:57:04 How Should Trump Solve America’s Real Problems? 02:04:39 What America Can Learn from Britain’s Collapse Robinson’s Website: http://robinsonerhardt.com Robinson Erhardt researches symbolic logic and the foundations of mathematics at Stanford University, where is also a JD candidate in the Law School.

Carl Hart is Mamie Phipps Clark Professor of Psychology at Columbia University, where he researches the behavioral and neuropharmacological effects of psychoactive drugs in humans. In this wide-ranging conversation, Robinson and Carl discuss drugs from many different angles, touching on the neuroscience of addiction, the opioid crisis, drugs’ connections to poverty, the roles they can play in a creative life, and more. Carl’s most recent book is Drug Use for Grown-Ups (2021, Penguin). Drug Use for Grown-Ups: https://a.co/d/efgXuJK OUTLINE 00:00:49 Introduction 00:03:14 What Is a Drug? 00:14:58 DARE and Drug Education 00:26:07 Rodrigo Duterte and the Drug War in the Philippines 00:39:25 Studying Drugs in the Lab 00:49:07 Does Addiction Change the Brain? 00:58:12 On the Opioid Crisis 01:10:42 How Should We Solve the Opioid Crisis? 01:14:01 What Is the Connection Between Drugs and Poverty? 01:18:21 How Do Drugs Affect the Brain? 01:28:27 How Can Drugs Improve Your Creativity? 01:36:04 Should Science Inform Drug Policy? Robinson’s Website: http://robinsonerhardt.com Robinson Erhardt researches symbolic logic and the foundations of mathematics at Stanford University, where is also a student in the Law School.

Tim Maudlin is Professor of Philosophy at NYU and Founder and Director of the John Bell Institute for the Foundations of Physics. This is Tim’s eighth appearance on the show. His second to  last appeared on episode 246 for a masterclass on Albert Einstein’s theory of general relativity, explaining it from the ground up and elucidating some common misconceptions. In this episode Tim returns for a discussion of the philosophy of time. More particularly, Tim and Robinson discuss black holes, fundamentality, simultaneity, time’s flow, rate, and limits, connections to physics, time travel, and more. If you’re interested in the foundations of physics, then please check out the JBI, which is devoted to providing a home for research and education in this important area. Any donations are immensely helpful at this early stage in the institute’s life. Tim’s Website: www.tim-maudlin.site The John Bell Institute: https://www.johnbellinstitute.org OUTLINE 00:00:00 Introduction 00:01:01 “What Is” Questions 00:06:09 Everyday Misconceptions About Simultaneity 00:15:12 The Relativity of Duration 00:20:19 Is Time Fundamental? 00:28:55 Does Time Exist at Quantum Scales? 00:40:19 Is Quantum Mechanics Complete? 00:50:16 What Is Time-Reversal Invariance? 01:01:01 Parity Violations 01:11:46 What Is Metaphysics? 01:22:16 Does Time Have A Rate of Passage? 01:25:02 Does Time Flow? 01:27:04 What Does Time Really Measure? 01:29:15 Is There a Limit to How Accurately Clocks Can Measure Time? 01:33:06 Is Time Continuous or Discrete? 01:36:36 On Zeno’s Paradoxes of Motion 01:44:08 Is Time Discrete? 01:51:14 Did Time Have a Beginning? 02:02:41 Stephen Hawking on Time 02:05:39 David Albert’s Past Hypothesis 02:14:13 The Debate Between Presentism and Eternalism 02:23:16 Lee Smolin’s Black Hole Theory 02:24:46 A Shortcoming of the Standard Model 02:26:05 Arrival Time and Time of Flight 02:34:51 Arrival Time Experiments and Bell’s Inequality 02:46:07 The Black Hole Information Paradox 02:56:27 Is Time Travel Back to the Dinosaurs Possible? 02:58:34 A Rant on Aliens 03:03:35 The John Bell Institute for the Foundations of Physics Robinson’s Website: http://robinsonerhardt.com Robinson Erhardt researches symbolic logic and the foundations of mathematics at Stanford University, where is also a student in the Law School.

Michael Hudson is Distinguished Research Professor of Economics at the University of Missouri, Kansas City and President of the Institute for the Study of Long-Term Economic Trends. He researches domestic and international finance, the history of economics, and the role of debt in shaping class stratification, among many other topics. This is Michael’s fifth appearance on the show. He was also a guest on episode 180, where he and Robinson discussed neoliberalism, industrial capitalism, and the rentier economy, and on episode 198, where they discussed Marxism, economic parasites, and contemporary debt cancellation. He has also joined with Richard Wolff. In this episode, Michael and Robinson discuss how the Crusades shaped the future of economics, the role of economics in political history, the current budget of the Republicans, problems with social security, the effects of AI on economics, and more. Michael’s most recent book is Temples of Enterprise (ISLET, 2024).  Michael’s Website: https://michael-hudson.com Temples of Enterprise: https://a.co/d/a3c53dm OUTLINE 00:00:00 Introduction 00:00:37 Why Historians Missed How the Crusades Shapes Economics 00:10:39 What Motivated the Crusades? 00:20:09 The Problem of Financing Wars 00:29:23 How The Roman Catholic Church Invented Financial Interest 00:40:08 Importing Jewish Merchants to England 00:45:12 The Intolerance of the Catholic Church 00:48:51 The Origin of Roman Catholic Indulgences 00:58:39 Using Indulgences to Finance the Crusades 01:05:54 Neglecting the Role of Economics in Political History 01:15:43 Finance as the Central Planning Power of Governments 01:18:17 What’s Wrong with the Republicans’ Budget? 01:19:48 The Dark Problem with Social Security 01:26:40 The Conflict Between Finance and Democracy 01:37:19 How the 1 Percent Don’t Contribute to the Economy 01:38:40 How Will AI Impact the Future of Economics? 01:45:55 How Will AI Affect Unemployment Rates? 01:54:18 Will the 1 Percent Need People in an AI Future 01:58:32 How Will AI Affect the Future of Academia? 02:08:59 Papal Financial Control vs The IMF 02:19:37 How the Government Favors the Creditor over the Debtor 02:23:42 The Difference Between the Chinese and American Economies 02:32:37 Global Warming’s Devastating Effects on the Economy Robinson’s Website: http://robinsonerhardt.com Robinson Erhardt researches symbolic logic and the foundations of mathematics at Stanford University.