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Hear all about this close relative of the Dodo, managing to hold on in its little corner of the Pacific. References: Amaama, S. A., Schorch, P., & Sung, A. (2025). Sāmoan archival-museum entanglements,(re) activations of the Vā. Museum History Journal, 18(2), 179-195. Cardoso, G. C., & Price, T. D. (2010). Community convergence in bird song. Evolutionary Ecology, 24(2), 447-461. Gough, W. B., Hudson, M. A., Young, H. G., Wood, J., Whitehead, H., & Turvey, S. T. (2024). Modelling habitat suitability for the Critically Endangered Manumea or Tooth-billed Pigeon Didunculus strigirostris using past and present baselines. Bird Conservation International, 34, e20. Jana, A., Uili, M., Atherton, J., O'Brien, M., Wood, J., & Brickson, L. (2025). An Automated Pipeline for Few-Shot Bird Call Classification: A Case Study with the Tooth-Billed Pigeon. arXiv preprint arXiv:2504.16276. Pratt, H. D., & Mittermeier, J. C. (2016). Notes on the natural history, taxonomy, and conservation of the endemic avifauna of the Samoan archipelago. The Wilson Journal of Ornithology, 128(2), 217-241. Serra, G., Sherley, G., Failagi, S. A., Foliga, S. T., Uili, M., Enoka, F., & Suaesi, T. (2018). Traditional ecological knowledge of the Critically Endangered Tooth-billed Pigeon Didunculus strigirostris, endemic to Samoa. Bird Conservation International, 28(4), 620-642. Serra, G., Wood, G. R., Faiilagi, S. A., Foliga, S. T., Uili, M., & Enoka, F. (2020). Using Samoan traditional ecological knowledge to identify calls of the critically endangered endemic tooth-billed pigeon (Didunculus strigirostris). Pacific Conservation Biology, 27(3), 275-283. Shapiro, B., Sibthorpe, D., Rambaut, A., Austin, J., Wragg, G. M., Bininda-Emonds, O. R., ... & Cooper, A. (2002). Flight of the dodo. Science, 295(5560), 1683-1683. Jetz, W., Thomas, G. H., Joy, J. B., Redding, D. W., Hartmann, K., & Mooers, A. O. (2014). Global distribution and conservation of evolutionary distinctness in birds. Current biology, 24(9), 919-930. Abstract access only: Collar, N. J. (2015). Natural history and conservation biology of the tooth-billed pigeon (Didunculus strigirostris): a review. Pacific Conservation Biology, 21(3), 186-199. Steadman, D. W. (2006). An extinct species of tooth‐billed pigeon (Didunculus) from the Kingdom of Tonga, and the concept of endemism in insular landbirds. Journal of Zoology, 268(3), 233-241. Support the show

From endemics to beach chickens... Hear all about my cycling and birding trip around Upolu, Samoa! (I think I'm a converted cyclo-birder now!). Follow me on instagram: matt.rossella Support blurbs through the support the show link! Support the show

Will you like this episode? Listen to your instincts! (and then check it out to see if you were right!).  References: Bird, A. (2024). Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance: A critical perspective. Frontiers in epigenetics and epigenomics, 2, 1434253. Blumberg, M. S. (2017). Development evolving: the origins and meanings of instinct. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science, 8(1-2), e1371. Conway, P. B. Plasticity of instinct: Interactions of the memory engram with innate behaviour. Guerrero-Bosagna, C., Morisson, M., Liaubet, L., Rodenburg, T. B., De Haas, E. N., Košťál, Ľ., & Pitel, F. (2018). Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance in birds. Environmental Epigenetics, 4(2), dvy008. Helm, B., & Liedvogel, M. (2024). Avian migration clocks in a changing world. Journal of Comparative Physiology A, 210(4), 691-716. Kashetsky, T., Avgar, T., & Dukas, R. (2021). The cognitive ecology of animal movement: evidence from birds and mammals. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 9, 724887. Leopold Jr, N. F. (1923). Reason and Instinct in Bird Migration. The Auk, 409-414. Levis, N. A., & Pfennig, D. W. (2016). Evaluating ‘plasticity-first’evolution in nature: key criteria and empirical approaches. Trends in ecology & evolution, 31(7), 563-574. Nieder, A., & Mooney, R. (2020). The neurobiology of innate, volitional and learned vocalizations in mammals and birds. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 375(1789), 20190054. Rajan, S., Lamers, K. P., Both, C., & Wheatcroft, D. (2024). Translocated wild birds are predisposed to learn songs of their ancestral population. Current Biology, 34(11), 2535-2540. Robinson, G. E., & Barron, A. B. (2017). Epigenetics and the evolution of instincts. Science, 356(6333), 26-27. Verhulst, E. C., Mateman, A. C., Zwier, M. V., Caro, S. P., Verhoeven, K. J., & Van Oers, K. (2016). Evidence from pyrosequencing indicates that natural variation in animal personality is associated with DRD 4 DNA methylation. Molecular ecology, 25(8), 1801-1811. Support the show

Lynchpin... glutton... wearer of stylish overalls... there are so many ways to describe the kererū! Come and hear all about this amazing bird. References: Cousins, R. A. (2010). Kereru (Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae)-Impact injuries, morphometrics, moult and plumage (Doctoral dissertation, MSc-thesis, massey University, New Zealand). Carpenter, J. K., Walker, S., Monks, A., Innes, J., Binny, R. N., & Schlesselmann, A. K. V. (2021). Factors limiting kererū (Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae) populations across New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Ecology, 45(2), 1-15. Clout, M. N., & Robertson, H. A. (2021). Longevity records for Chatham Island pigeon (Hemiphaga chathamensis) and New Zealand pigeon (H. novaeseelandiae). Notornis, 68, 86-88. Goldberg, J., Trewick, S. A., & Powlesland, R. G. (2011). Population structure and biogeography of Hemiphaga pigeons (Aves: Columbidae) on islands in the New Zealand region. Journal of Biogeography, 38(2), 285-298. Mander, C. J., Hay, J. R., & Powlesland, R. (1998). Monitoring and management of kereru (Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae) (p. 44). Wellington,, New Zealand: Department of Conservation. Website used for research: https://www.chathamrestorationtrust.org.nz/resources/blog-and-news/spotlight-parea/ Support the show

Who new that one different shade could tell us so much about a birds evolutionary history.... References: Ducatez, S., Giraudeau, M., Thebaud, C., & Jacquin, L. (2017). Colour polymorphism is associated with lower extinction risk in birds. Global Change Biology, 23(8), 3030-3039. Ruzicka, F., Zwoinska, M. K., Goedert, D., Kokko, H., Li Richter, X. Y., Moodie, I. R., ... & Connallon, T. (2026). A century of theories of balancing selection. Biological Reviews, 101(2), 804-825. Urban, L., Santure, A. W., Uddstrom, L., Digby, A., Vercoe, D., Eason, D., ... & Morales, H. E. (2024). The genetic basis of the kākāpō structural color polymorphism suggests balancing selection by an extinct apex predator. PLoS biology, 22(9), e3002755. Support the show

Hear all about this one of a kind bird! I can't wait for you to see "hoatzin" store! A big thank you to @theweenuthatch (instagram) for his insight and resources for this topic! Check him out for bird guiding services! Follow me on instagram: @matt.rossella Support the show: patreon.com/blurbs439 References: Abourachid, A., Herrel, A., Decamps, T., Pages, F., Fabre, A. C., Van Hoorebeke, L., ... & Garcia Amado, M. A. (2019). Hoatzin nestling locomotion: acquisition of quadrupedal limb coordination in birds. Science advances, 5(5), eaat0787. Buitrón-Jurado, G. (2014). An aberrant record of Hoatzin Opisthocomus hoazin (Statius Muller, 1976)(Aves: Opisthocomidae) in Venezuela. Check List, 10(1), 153-155. Cracraft, J. (2022). The Hoatzin. Current Biology, 32(20), R1068-R1069. Mayr, G. (2014). A hoatzin fossil from the middle Miocene of Kenya documents the past occurrence of modern-type Opisthocomiformes in Africa. The Auk: Ornithological Advances, 131(1), 55-60. Mayr, G., Alvarenga, H., & Mourer-Chauviré, C. (2011). Out of Africa: Fossils shed light on the origin of the hoatzin, an iconic Neotropic bird. Naturwissenschaften, 98(11), 961. Mayr, G., & De Pietri, V. L. (2014). Earliest and first Northern Hemispheric hoatzin fossils substantiate Old World origin of a “Neotropic endemic”. Naturwissenschaften, 101(2), 143-148. Pagès, F. (2019). Compared and functional morphology of the hoatzin (Opisthocomus hoazin) (Doctoral dissertation, Museum national d'histoire naturelle-MNHN PARIS). Other resources: The Cornell Lab of Ornithology: Handbook of Bird Biology, 3rd edition. The Science of Birds podcast episodes: Bird Bones: The Avian SkeletonThe Avian Digestive SystemHow Birds Fly Support the show

The largest eagle ever known - hear all about this extinct apex predator! Reach out to me on instagram: matt.rossella Support the show (a.k.a become an endemic blurb!): patreon.com/blurbs439 References: Brathwaite, D. H. (1992). Notes on the weight, flying ability, habitat, and prey of Haast’s Eagle (Harpagornis moorei). Notornis, 39(4), 239-247. Bunce, M., Szulkin, M., Lerner, H. R. L., Barnes, I., Shapiro, B., Cooper, A., & Holdaway, R. N. (2005). Ancient DNA provides new insights into the evolutionary history of New Zealand's extinct giant eagle. PLoS biology, 3(1), e9. Holdaway, R. N. (2021). Two new radiocarbon ages for Haast’s eagle (Hieraaetus moorei)(Aves: Accipitridae) and comments on the eagle’s past distribution and possible survival into the 19th century. Notornis, 68(4), 278. Holdaway, R. N. (2025). The genus name for the extinct New Zealand Eagle (Accipitridae) and a suggested replacement for an inappropriate vernacular name. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists’ Club, 145(4), 406-410. Knapp, M., Thomas, J. E., Haile, J., Prost, S., Ho, S. Y., Dussex, N., ... & Scofield, R. P. (2019). Mitogenomic evidence of close relationships between New Zealand’s extinct giant raptors and small-sized Australian sister-taxa. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 134, 122-128. Scofield, R. P., & Ashwell, K. W. (2009). Rapid somatic expansion causes the brain to lag behind: the case of the brain and behavior of New Zealand's Haast's Eagle (Harpagornis moorei). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 29(3), 637-649. Van Heteren, A. H., Wroe, S., Tsang, L. R., Mitchell, D. R., Ross, P., Ledogar, J. A., ... & Sansalone, G. (2021). New Zealand's extinct giant raptor (Hieraaetus moorei) killed like an eagle, ate like a condor. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 288(1964). Support the show

Can you do me a small favour real quick? Have a listen to this episode! I hope you enjoy! Follow me on instagram: matt.rossella Want to help my work? click the support the show link at the bottom! References: Benítez-López, A., Santini, L., Gallego-Zamorano, J., Milá, B., Walkden, P., Huijbregts, M. A., & Tobias, J. A. (2021). The island rule explains consistent patterns of body size evolution in terrestrial vertebrates. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 5(6), 768-786. Lomolino, M. V. (2005). Body size evolution in insular vertebrates: generality of the island rule. Journal of biogeography, 32(10), 1683-1699. Matthews, T. J. (2023). Evolution: The rise and fall of island dwarfs and giants. Current Biology, 33(12), R684-R686. Meiri, S., Raia, P., & Phillimore, A. B. (2011). Slaying dragons: limited evidence for unusual body size evolution on islands. Journal of Biogeography, 38(1), 89-100. Ponti, R., Doutrelant, C., & Covas, R. (2023). Strength of the ‘island rule’ in birds is positively associated with absence of avian predators. Biology Letters, 19(3), 20220536. Thomson, V. A., Mitchell, K. J., Eberhard, R., Dortch, J., Austin, J. J., & Cooper, A. (2018). Genetic diversity and drivers of dwarfism in extinct island emu populations. Biology Letters, 14(4), 20170617. Wei, C., Peng, L., Zhang, Y., Nishiumi, I., Carey, G. J., Liu, Z., ... & Liu, Y. (2024). Integrative taxonomy of an East Asian songbird indicates rapid dwarfism after island colonization. Zoologica Scripta, 53(5), 509-522. Support the show

Thankyou to Sam Holt for suggesting this topic! Follow them on instagram @samholtnz56 for excellent photography of New Zealand's landscapes and birds! If you'd like to suggest a topic, then consider becoming a patron!: patreon.com/blurbs439 References: Alley, M. R., Suepaul, R. B., McKinlay, B., Young, M. J., Wang, J., Morgan, K. J., ... & Gartrell, B. D. (2017). Diphtheritic stomatitis in yellow-eyed penguins (Megadyptes antipodes) in New Zealand. The Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 53(1), 102-110. Bergen, D. J., & Gartrell, B. D. (2010). Discospondylitis in a yellow-eyed penguin (Megadyptes antipodes). Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery, 24(1), 58-63. Darby, J. T., Seddon, P. J., & Davis, L. S. (1990). Breeding biology of yellow-eyed penguins (Megadyptes antipodes). Penguin biology, 45-62. French, R. K., Muller, C. G., Chilvers, B. L., & Battley, P. F. (2019). Behavioural consequences of human disturbance on subantarctic Yellow-eyed Penguins Megadyptes antipodes. Bird Conservation International, 29(2), 277-290. Johnson, K. L. (2023). Marine predation injuries in yellow-eyed penguins (Megadyptes antipodes): a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Veterinary Science in Wildlife Health at Massey University, Manawatū, New Zealand (Doctoral dissertation, Massey University). Moore, P. J. (2001). Historical records of yellow-eyed penguin (Megadyptes antipodes) in southern New Zealand. Notornis, 48(3), 145-156. Muller, C. G., Chilvers, B. L., & French, R. K. (2020). Population estimate for yellow-eyed penguins (Megadyptes antipodes) in the. Notornis, 67(1), 299-319. Muller, C. G., Chilvers, B. L., Chiaradia, A., French, R. K., Kato, A., Ropert-Coudert, Y., & Battley, P. F. (2021). Foraging areas and plasticity of yellow-eyed penguins Megadyptes antipodes in their subantarctic range. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 679, 149-162. Website used for research: https://www.nzbirdsonline.org.nz/species/yellow-eyed-penguin Support the show

Hear all about a little bird that has earned the big title of "GREAT SPECIATOR"!🥈 Connect with me on instagram: matt.rossella References: Estandía, A., Merino Recalde, N., Sendell‐Price, A. T., Potvin, D. A., Goulding, W., Robertson, B. C., & Clegg, S. (2025). Islands Promote Diversification of the Silvereye Species Complex: A Phylogenomic Analysis of a Great Speciator. Molecular ecology, e17830. Estoup, A., & Clegg, S. M. (2003). Bayesian inferences on the recent island colonization history by the bird Zosterops lateralis lateralis. Molecular Ecology, 12(3), 657-674. Scott, T., Scholer, M., Melville, D. S., & Underhill, L. G. (2023). Timing and duration of primary moult in New Zealand’s silvereye (tauhou, Zosterops lateralis). Notornis, 70, 97-110. Sendell-Price, A. T., Ruegg, K. C., Anderson, E. C., Quilodrán, C. S., Van Doren, B. M., Underwood, V. L., ... & Clegg, S. M. (2020). The genomic landscape of divergence across the speciation continuum in island-colonising silvereyes (Zosterops lateralis). G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics, 10(9), 3147-3163. Books used for research: Birdstories - Geoff Norman  Bird New Zealand (Beauty Like No Other) - Paul Gibson The Brilliance of Birds (a New Zealand Birdventure) - Skye Wishart & Edin Whitehead Support the show

You "mast" listen to this episode! Follow me on instagram: matt.rossella Support the show: patreon.com/blurbs439 References: Bogdziewicz, M., Zwolak, R., & Crone, E. E. (2016). How do vertebrates respond to mast seeding?. Oikos, 125(3), 300-307. Elliott, G., & Kemp, J. (2016). Large‐scale pest control in New Zealand beech forests. Ecological Management & Restoration, 17(3), 200-209. Kelly, D., Koenig, W. D., & Liebhold, A. M. (2008). An intercontinental comparison of the dynamic behavior of mast seeding communities. Population Ecology, 50(4), 329-342. O'Donnell, C. F., & Hoare, J. M. (2012). Quantifying the benefits of long-term integrated pest control for forest bird populations in a New Zealand temperate rainforest. New Zealand Journal of Ecology, 131-140. Pearse, I. S., Wion, A. P., Gonzalez, A. D., & Pesendorfer, M. B. (2021). Understanding mast seeding for conservation and land management. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 376(1839), 20200383. Support the show

Come and hear about the only entire bird family to go extinct in recent times... Footage of the last Kauaʻi ʻōʻō : https://youtu.be/x2KH5AoyeBc?si=rEONFaoyUNL6Cpsm  References: Fleischer, R. C., Campana, M. G., & James, H. F. (2022). Hawaiian songbird radiations. Current Biology, 32(20), R1070-R1072. Fleischer, R. C., James, H. F., & Olson, S. L. (2008). Convergent evolution of Hawaiian and Australo-Pacific honeyeaters from distant songbird ancestors. Current Biology, 18(24), 1927-1931. Lovette, I. J. (2008). Convergent evolution: raising a family from the dead. Current Biology, 18(24), R1132-R1134. Pender, R. J., Morden, C. W., & Paull, R. E. (2014). Investigating the pollination syndrome of the Hawaiian lobeliad genus Clermontia (Campanulaceae) using floral nectar traits. American journal of botany, 101(1), 201-205. Schmitt, C. J., & Edwards, S. V. (2022). Passerine birds. Current Biology, 32(20), R1149-R1154. Zhao, M., Kimball, R. T., & Braun, E. L. (2025). The phylogenetic position of the extinct Hawaiian honeyeaters: Overcoming the limitations of antique DNA. bioRxiv, 2025-06. Support the show

Saddle up for another episode of blurbs! Links to Jimmy’s work Instagram: @jimmy_birds  Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/@JimmyR_Birds Podcast: https://www.youtube.com/@FeelGoodBirder References: Cash, W., & Briskie, J. V. (2012). Abnormally long bill in a South Island Saddleback (Philesturnus carunculatus). Notornis, 59, 88-89. Hooson, S., & Jamieson, I. G. (2003). Breeding biology of the South Island saddleback (Philesturnus carunculatus carunculatus, Callaeatidae). Notornis, 50(4), 191-200. Hooson, S., & Jamieson, I. G. (2003). The distribution and current status of New Zealand saddleback Philesturnus carunculatus. Bird conservation international, 13(2), 79-95. Jenkins, P. F., & Veitch, C. R. (1991). Sexual dimorphism and age determination in the North Island saddleback (Philesturnus carunculatus rufaster). New Zealand journal of zoology, 18(4), 445-450. Lloyd-Jones, D. (2014). Wattle function and territoriality in the South Island saddleback (Philesturnus carunculatus).  Parker, K. A., Ludwig, K., King, T. M., Brunton, D. H., Scofield, R. P., & Jamieson, I. G. (2014). Differences in vocalisations, morphology and mtDNA support species status for New Zealand saddleback Philesturnus spp. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 41(2), 79-94. Sutherland, K. (2021). Temporal changes in cultural diversity across a growing meta-population of North Island saddleback (tīeke; Philesturnus rufusater): effects of mixed versus single-source translocations: a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Science in Biology at Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand (Doctoral dissertation, Massey University). Taylor, S. S., & Jamieson, I. G. (2007). Determining sex of South Island saddlebacks (Philesturnus carunculatus carunculatus) using discriminant function analysis. Notornis, 54(2), 61. Support the show

Thanks @theweenuthatch for the topic idea! (go give him a follow on instagram!) Become an "endemic blurb" on Patreon to suggest your own episode topic ideas  (through the support the show link!). References: Bubier, N. E., Paxton, C. G., Bowers, P., & Deeming, D. C. (1998). Courtship behaviour of ostriches (Struthio camelus) towards humans under farming conditions in Britain. British Poultry Science, 39(4), 477-481. Ghirlanda, S., Jansson, L., & Enquist, M. (2002). Chickens prefer beautiful humans. Human Nature, 13(3), 383-389. Grossi, B., Iriarte-Díaz, J., Larach, O., Canals, M., & Vásquez, R. A. (2014). Walking like dinosaurs: chickens with artificial tails provide clues about non-avian theropod locomotion. PloS one, 9(2), e88458.  Meyer-Rochow, V. B., & Gal, J. (2003). Pressures produced when penguins pooh—calculations on avian defaecation. Polar Biology, 27(1), 56-58. Watanabe, S., Sakamoto, J., & Wakita, M. (1995). Pigeons’ discrimination of paintings by Monet and Picasso. Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior, 63(2), 165-174. Yuan, Z. M., Chen, M., Jia, L., Ji, C., & Incecik, A. (2021). Wave-riding and wave-passing by ducklings in formation swimming. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 928, R2. Support the show

This is an evolving area of research! Come and hear abit about the fascinating world of birds and fungi... Support Jen, a.k.a StagPath, (the inspiration for this episode) instagram: @stagpath                    Nature guidance work: stagpath.com Note - at 14:18, it sounds like I say "pop"rolites, but the correct word (and what I said) was coprolites! References: Boast, A. P., Weyrich, L. S., Wood, J. R., Metcalf, J. L., Knight, R., & Cooper, A. (2018). Coprolites reveal ecological interactions lost with the extinction of New Zealand birds. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(7), 1546-1551. Brunton-Martin, A., Wood, J., & Gaskett, A. C. (2024). Evidence for adaptation of colourful truffle-like fungi for birds in Aotearoa-New Zealand. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 18908. Elliott, T. F., Jusino, M. A., Trappe, J. M., Lepp, H., Ballard, G. A., Bruhl, J. J., & Vernes, K. (2019). A global review of the ecological significance of symbiotic associations between birds and fungi. Fungal Diversity, 98(1), 161-194. Wood, J. R., Dickie, I. A., Moeller, H. V., Peltzer, D. A., Bonner, K. I., Rattray, G., & Wilmshurst, J. M. (2015). Novel interactions between non‐native mammals and fungi facilitate establishment of invasive pines. Journal of Ecology, 103(1), 121-129. Support the show