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Today's guest is Francisco Trindade, VP of Engineering, founder of two companies, and author of Leading Effective Software Teams. In this chat you will learn how to think about your team as a system, how to optimize flow in the developer process, and why you should absolutely hire junior engineers. (00:00) Code reviews were always the bottleneck (01:09) Introducing Francisco Trindade (01:46) The team that wasn't broken (05:13) Sponsor break (07:00) Fix the system, not the people (18:49) Stop optimizing for busy (22:40) What great teams actually measure (32:13) Autonomy is not a to-do list (46:43) The kids are all right (52:05) The trouble with all-senior teams – Today's episode is brought to you by Notion. Learn more about Notion’s Developer Platform today at https://ntn.so/refactoring – Show notes: • Francisco's book: https://franciscotrindade.me/leading-effective-software-teams-book • Francisco's Website:  https://franciscotrindade.me – You can also find this at: • 📬 Newsletter: https://refactoring.fm • 🎧 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7Luds9dmzZDoDC8Q7EMbSw • 📱 Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/refactoring-podcast/id1719137305 — For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, or appearing as a guest, email: [email protected]

Today's guest is Adam Tornhill, founder of CodeScene, author of Your Code as a Crime Scene, and one of the very few repeat guests of the show. With Adam, we talked about how his team refactored the whole Street Fighter 3 code base, which is more than 300,000 lines of code in just a few days and spending a few thousand dollars in tokens, and measured how that led to better and cheaper AI development of new features. And then we discussed how the CodeScene team does agentic development, what the process looks like, what the bottlenecks are, and what are the crucial parts that Adam believes we still need to do as humans. (00:00) Episode start (03:38) Introducing Adam Tornhill (04:12) Refactoring 300K lines of Street Fighter with AI (09:50) The refactoring playbook: AI-invented patterns (21:41) Generalizing the approach to enterprise code bases (27:12) Why documentation of the "why" matters more than ever (32:25) CodeScene goes fully agentic: the MCP rewrite story (38:54) The development process: uncertainty drives rigor (47:51) Validation is the new bottleneck - Show notes: StreetFighter case study: https://codescene.com/blog/case-study-refactoring-at-scale-with-agents One of Adam's blog posts about coding processes: https://adamtornhill.substack.com/p/controlling-the-uncertainty-machine MCP-guided Claude vs. unguided Claude experiment on refactoring tasks (Code health-guided MCP did 2-5x more code health improvements): https://codescene.com/blog/making-legacy-code-ai-ready-benchmarks-on-agentic-refactoring - Today's episode is brought to you by Notion. Learn more about Notion’s Developer Platform today at https://ntn.so/refactoring - You can also find this at: • 📬 Newsletter: https://refactoring.fm • 🎧 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7Luds9dmzZDoDC8Q7EMbSw • 📱 Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/refactoring-podcast/id1719137305 — For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, or appearing as a guest, email: [email protected]

Today's guest is Rahul Raina, co-founder of TRM Labs, which is a YC-backed company that works on solutions and products for security, fighting criminal networks, AI attackers, and more.  With Rahul, we had a great chat that covered a lot of ground, starting with the tough reality of cyber defense today, and why attackers by default always have the upper hand when AI and technology improves. And then we moved to a deep dive into how the TRM team works and how they rebuild their whole product development workflow for AI, including reshuffling all the technical roles, compressing the developer process steps, and creating dedicated artifacts for human reviews. (00:00) Episode start (03:50) Introducing Rahul Raina (04:08) Why AI widens the gap between attackers and defenders (08:54) The asymmetry: attackers don't play by the rules (17:09) Inner loop vs outer loop: where the real bottleneck is (20:54) Redesigning the shipping framework around jobs, not roles (24:18) How to transition people: go slow before you go fast (34:24) What to hire for: problem solving, agency, humble craft (42:14) How builders review work: human-readable artifacts, not code (46:59) The harness interviews you: AI asks questions humans wouldn't (57:20) Build tools for understanding, not just for producing code - Today's episode is brought to you by Notion. Learn more about Notion’s Developer Platform today at https://ntn.so/refactoring - You can also find this at: • 📬 Newsletter: https://refactoring.fm • 🎧 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7Luds9dmzZDoDC8Q7EMbSw • 📱 Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/refactoring-podcast/id1719137305 — For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, or appearing as a guest, email: [email protected]

Today's guest is Dennis Pilarinos, who is the founder and CEO of Unblocked and a long-time developer tools expert, having founded BodyBuild and having served as a director at Apple, Amazon and Microsoft.  With Dennis, we talked about the latest trends in software development. We discussed why more tokens are not translating into more productivity, how to guarantee code quality with AI and what's the role of context in making your agents succeed. And we also explored how the Unblocked team is doing it, navigating their setup and a few use cases about how their shipping features in production. (00:00) Episode start (03:50) Introducing Dennis Pilarinos (04:40) Token spend is exploding (09:03) Measuring developer productivity is still unsolved (12:31) Code review is the new bottleneck (18:01) Code quality depends on context, not skill alone (21:07) The content curation trap: why markdown files go stale (26:40) What sources to plug into your context engine (33:47) How the Unblocked team ships: risk assessment and auto-merge (43:29) Releasing faster: skip design partners, ship to everyone (49:20) Remote agents and the future of context-powered coding - Today's episode is brought to you by Notion. Learn more about Notion’s Developer Platform today at https://ntn.so/refactoring - You can also find this at: • 📬 Newsletter: https://refactoring.fm • 🎧 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7Luds9dmzZDoDC8Q7EMbSw • 📱 Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/refactoring-podcast/id1719137305 — For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, or appearing as a guest, email: [email protected]

Today's guest is Dominika Rogala, former VP of Engineering and now advisor for CTOs and tech leaders. With Dominika, we talked about burnout in engineering teams, on which she did a lot of research. She started from the various dimensions of burnout, which spoiler alert is different from simply being tired, and then we looked at the problem from a systemic angle, so how can you improve your team and processes to avoid people to burnout. And finally, we also talked about AI and how to make it a net positive for your team resources, without also incontrollably inflating expectations(00:00) Episode start(03:50) Introducing Dominika Rogala(04:26) The four dimensions of burnout(07:06) Exhaustion vs being tired(11:19) How to spot burnout in yourself(13:43) The identity gap(27:53) Burnout as a systemic problem(17:28) The job demands-resources model(36:19) Early warning signs: cynicism and quality drops(43:08) What individuals can do inside a broken system(49:42) AI as both a resource and a new demandShow notes.• LeadDev talk recording: https://leaddev.com/management/four-dimensions-of-burnout-an-anti-burnout-framework-for-the-ai-era • Self-check, anti-burnout worksheet, reading list, and a micro-regulation toolkit: goodjob.coffee/ldx3• Dominika's LinkedIn profile https://www.linkedin.com/in/dominikarogala/ -Today's episode is brought to you by Notion.Learn more about Notion’s Developer Platform today at https://ntn.so/refactoring-You can also find this at:• 📬 Newsletter: https://refactoring.fm• 🎧 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7Luds9dmzZDoDC8Q7EMbSw• 📱 Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/refactoring-podcast/id1719137305—For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, or appearing as a guest, email: [email protected]

Today's guest is Charlie Guo, developer experience engineer at OpenAI.  With Charlie, we explore the evolution of AI coding tools, how this is affecting team organization, and the future of AI integration in software development. Charlie shared strategies and tricks to leverage AI effectively, and how this is all transforming the workflows that we all know and love. (00:00) Episode start (01:20) Introducing Charlie Guo (02:31) Inside the Codex team (03:49) Sponsor break (05:35) The philosophy behind Codex (09:19) From CLI to desktop app (12:29) The m.google.com of AI (17:28) Are MCPs here to stay? (21:58) Sharing AI workflows across teams (24:56) Generalists vs specialists: converging roles (33:22) Deterministic guardrails for coding agents (39:02) Using Codex as a personal knowledge base (46:01) Design with the image model first - Today's episode is brought to you by Notion. Learn more about Notion’s Developer Platform today at https://ntn.so/refactoring - You can also find this at: • 📬 Newsletter: https://refactoring.fm • 🎧 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7Luds9dmzZDoDC8Q7EMbSw • 📱 Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/refactoring-podcast/id1719137305 — For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, or appearing as a guest, email: [email protected]

Today's guest is Anush Elangovan, VP of AI Software at AMD. With Anush, we talked about how he thinks about open source as a key strategic driver in the AI era, and how his team is able to stay super fast while ensuring quality by combining their internal work with their external contributions.And then we got into a rabbit hole about how to get big companies ready for AI, how to think about human capital, and how Anush personally spends his time. And spoiler alert, he is back to doing IC work for up to 40% of his time.(00:00) Episode start(01:31) Introducing Anush Elangovan(01:39) AMD's open-source AI stack(04:08) Sponsor break(05:34) How AI contributions are reshaping open-source maintenance(08:33) From demo to production: the quality gates funnel(11:10) When agents game the system(17:10) Speed as a moat: the open-source flywheel(20:31) Agent-first development: what it really looks like(23:56) AI cleanup: getting legacy code ready for agents(28:24) The excavator analogy(31:08) The new engineers(34:12) VP doing IC work(43:28) Open-weight models, AI as electricity, and what's next-Today's episode is brought to you by Unblocked.Unblocked is the context layer for modern engineering teams.Get a free three-week trial at https://getunblocked.com/refactoring- You can also find this at: • 📬 Newsletter: https://refactoring.fm • 🎧 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7Luds9dmzZDoDC8Q7EMbSw • 📱 Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/refactoring-podcast/id1719137305 — For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, or appearing as a guest, email: [email protected]

Today's guest is Geoffrey Litt, Design Engineer at Notion. With Geoffrey, we talked about malleable software, a type of platform that kind of always existed, but is now getting new meaning and opportunity thanks to AI. And then we talked about how Notion itself changed its place in the ecosystem, with the AI agents first, and now with the new developer platform, where you can ship code directly inside Notion. And finally, we talked about how Notion builds Notion, design as shipping code to production, internal prototyping, feature flags, and more. (00:00) Episode start (01:26) Introducing Geoffrey Litt (01:58) Malleable software (05:37) Sponsor break (07:11) The nightmare bycicle analogy (09:56) Teach users just in time (14:15) How Notion exposes structure (17:41) Vibe coding vs platforms (19:18) Notion's shift from walled garden to developer hub (20:57) Bringing external coding agents into Notion (26:43) The accountants analogy: why more productivity creates more jobs (33:30) Trust and oversight: AI agents (40:32) How design engineers ship to production daily at Notion (47:39) Prototyping in code - Today's episode is brought to you by Unblocked. Unblocked is the context layer for modern engineering teams. Get a free three-week trial at https://getunblocked.com/refactoring - You can also find this at: • 📬 Newsletter: https://refactoring.fm • 🎧 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7Luds9dmzZDoDC8Q7EMbSw • 📱 Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/refactoring-podcast/id1719137305 — For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, or appearing as a guest, email: [email protected]

Today's guest is Michael Lopp, better known as Rands, who is writer of several popular books about engineering management, including "Managing Humans", which is a personal favorite of mine. Live at LDX3, we discussed his lifelong writing habit, the importance of giving feedback through stories and the leverage of leadership experience in the AI era. (00:00) Episode start (00:40) A live chat with Rands at LeadDev (02:10) How to collect and write great leadership stories (03:38) Sponsor break (05:13) Writing as a habit: from journals to 14,000 readers (08:09) The power of naming things (10:20) Using stories to give feedback without being directive (12:40) Introverts, extroverts, and bringing calm to explosive situations (15:09) Tinkering with AI: joy, interns, and daily delight (19:18) "I was wrong" why managers should code again (21:54) Do we still need middle managers in the AI era? (27:40) The accountants analogy: why more productivity creates more jobs (36:25) Managing Robots: the book that's coming - Today's episode is brought to you by Unblocked. Unblocked is the context layer for modern engineering teams. Get a free three-week trial at https://getunblocked.com/refactoring - You can also find this at: • 📬 Newsletter: https://refactoring.fm • 🎧 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7Luds9dmzZDoDC8Q7EMbSw • 📱 Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/refactoring-podcast/id1719137305 — For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, or appearing as a guest, email: [email protected]

Today's guest is Lara Hogan, an author, public speaker and coach for managers and leaders across the whole tech industry. And she's had a long career as VP of engineering at FLY, Kickstarter, Director Etsy and more.  So with Lara we talked about her journey in tech, which started with a philosophy degree. And then, taking from her work as a coach, we talked more about how successful teams are adopting AI and what you can do to make engineers feel safe about it. And finally, we explored the Biceps framework and how you can better understand people's needs at work. (00:00) Episode start (01:25) Introduction (02:59) Why nuanced AI takes matter more than slogans (04:25) Sponsor break (08:54) From philosophy major to engineering director (15:09) Becoming a manager (18:54) Do humanities give you an edge in the AI era? (22:04) Teams thriving with AI vs teams struggling (28:03) Setting clear expectations without creating fear (35:52) The AHA meetings: sharing learnings, not just wins (41:40) The BICEPS framework (47:18) When frustration isn't curiosity (52:58) Reflect back what you hear — Today's episode is brought to you by Unblocked. Unblocked is the context layer for modern engineering teams. Get a free three-week trial at getunblocked.com/refactoring — You can also find this at: • 📬 Newsletter: https://refactoring.fm • 🎧 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7Luds9dmzZDoDC8Q7EMbSw • 📱 Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/refactoring-podcast/id1719137305 — For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, or appearing as a guest, email: [email protected]

Today's guest is James Stanier, CTO at Nordhealth, former director at Shopify, an author of several books about engineering management, remote work, and more. With James, we talked about what senior engineers will look like in the future, taking from a great article he wrote just recently, and then regarding how engineering management is changing, what's expected of managers today, and what you need to thrive. We also talked about AI adoption in his team, in our personal respective lives, and discussed the state of remote work in 2026. (00:00) Episode start (01:25) Introduction (02:05) Senior engineers in 2035 (05:11) Sponsor break (06:45) Level of abstraction: from compilers to AI (10:17) Excited engineers and worried engineers (12:44) The bifurcation: vibe coders vs platform engineers (16:51) Engineering managing role changes (23:21) Managing time with expanding roles (28:32) Are hierarchies flattening? (36:25) AI adoption in James' team (41:27) What's hard in the AI era (44:36) AI as a personal assistant (50:05) Remote work in 2026 - Today's episode is brought to you by Unblocked. Unblocked is the context layer for modern engineering teams. Get a free three-week trial at getunblocked.com/refactoring - You can also find this at: • 📬 Newsletter: https://refactoring.fm • 🎧 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7Luds9dmzZDoDC8Q7EMbSw • 📱 Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/refactoring-podcast/id1719137305 — For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, or appearing as a guest, email: [email protected]

Today's guest is Doug Peete, Chief Product Officer at Atono, with whom over the last few months we have developed a deep industry report about the state of product development.In this chat we'll go through the main findings of the report, match them to our respective experience and explore ideas about how teams can do better with product development and AI(00:00) Episode start(01:38) Introduction(02:39) Sponsor break(05:38) Frailty of planning process(10:58) Product(13:19) What needs to be done(20:38) Design reviews(26:33) How to improve requirements(27:41) Knowledge across teams(35:07) Capturing the history of a product(39:14) Enabling sharing process(47:17) New metrics in AI era(50:47) AI in product requirements and products specs-Today's episode is brought to you by Unblocked.Unblocked is the context layer for modern engineering teams.Get a free three-week trial at getunblocked.com/refactoring- You can also find this at: • 📬 Newsletter: https://refactoring.fm • 🎧 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7Luds9dmzZDoDC8Q7EMbSw • 📱 Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/refactoring-podcast/id1719137305 — For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, or appearing as a guest, email: [email protected]

Today's guests, plural, are Jean Hsu and Cate Huston.They're both extremely experienced engineering leaders and coaches, accomplished authors, and have held leadership roles at companies like Duck.co, Automattic, Medium and more. And are now running a program to help engineers and managers become, in their own words, directly responsible individuals of their careers to navigate these complicated times, to say the least. So with Jean and Cate, we talked about exploring what you want from your career, how to be intentional about it, how to use feedback to assess how you're doing, and how AI is changing and not changing the picture.(01:51) Introduction(03:39) Dealing with adverse conditions(09:45) Sponsor break(10:42) DRI your career and coaching(13:07) Career's approach(18:52) Figuring out your goal: Luca's example(30:48) Coaching for EMs vs coaching for ICs(32:23) Moving forward in your daily job(36:06) Feedbacks and culture of appreciation(41:32) Does AI change how do you think about your career?(45:42) AI pressure and AI passion — Today’s sponsor is Intent by Augment. Intent is a developer workspace built for orchestrating agents: it starts with the living spec that updates as agents make progress, so every task stays aligned with no manual coordination. Try it for yourself at https://www.augmentcode.com/product/intent — You can also find this at: • 📬 Newsletter: https://refactoring.fm • 🎧 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7Luds9dmzZDoDC8Q7EMbSw • 📱 Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/refactoring-podcast/id1719137305 — For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, or appearing as a guest, email: [email protected]

Today's guest is Stuart Caborn, distinguished engineer at loveholidays, which is an online travel agency with millions of customers around the world. I'm talking with Stuart because his team is doing AI coding for real. They operate an extremely complex product and technology, with each engineer deploying to production more than 80 times a month, with more than 60% of production code being written with AI, all while maintaining an absolutely elite change failure rate under 1%, and with perfect code health. So, let's see how they pull this off. (01:29) Introduction (02:30) What it loveholidays? (06:04) Sponsor break (07:00) loveholidays' AI approach (10:16) Code quality (13:36) Making quality visible (14:52) AI, MCP and top use cases (22:19) Code health and engineers' happiness (29:35) How was AI implemented at loveholidays (37:01) Experimenting with AI and skills (42:30) How to spread AI into an org (47:31) Guardrails in dev process (56:40) Other process changes — Today’s sponsor is Intent by Augment. Intent is a developer workspace built for orchestrating agents: it starts with the living spec that updates as agents make progress, so every task stays aligned with no manual coordination. Try it for yourself at https://www.augmentcode.com/product/intent — You can also find this at: • 📬 Newsletter: https://refactoring.fm • 🎧 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7Luds9dmzZDoDC8Q7EMbSw • 📱 Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/refactoring-podcast/id1719137305 — For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, or appearing as a guest, email: [email protected]

Today’s guest is Chris Lattner, one of the most important engineers for modern computing. Chris invented key compiler infrastructure tech like LLVM and MLIR, but he’s also the inventor of the Swift language, a key contributor in bringing Google TPUs to market, and a lot more. Today he’s the founder and CEO of Modular, where he’s reinventing AI infrastructure to make software portable across GPUs and platforms. So with Chris, we talked about his vision for AI and computing. We talked about how Modular’s mission makes us closer to a future where AI is open and portable. And we talked about open source, how AI is both empowering and straining contributors, how it’s changing intellectual property, and what workflows we need to change as engineers. And finally, we discussed how AI is changing software craftsmanship, how he’s bullish about junior engineers, and a lot more. (00:00) Preview (02:11) Introduction (04:05) What is Modular? (06:13) Sponsor break (07:10) From CPU to GPU landscape (10:46) Objective-C Swift analogy (15:37) What is Modular for Chris? (17:37) The love for building (20:21) Chris' view on AI future (23:48) AI and open source (29:34) Figuring out new workflows (31:22) On licenses and copyright (33:42) High quality software (35:21) Coding faster with AI (41:27) The landscape of junior engineers (48:22) AI amplifies the good and the bad (52:21) Modular ceremonies (55:26) Tech debt — Today’s sponsor is Intent by Augment. Intent is a developer workspace built for orchestrating agents: it starts with the living spec that updates as agents make progress, so every task stays aligned with no manual coordination. Try it for yourself at https://www.augmentcode.com/product/intent — You can also find this at: • 📬 Newsletter: https://refactoring.fm • 🎧 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7Luds9dmzZDoDC8Q7EMbSw • 📱 Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/refactoring-podcast/id1719137305 — For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, or appearing as a guest, email: [email protected]