Advertise on podcast: 鸟瘾综合征

我们是很在意发量的，普通的成年人头皮毛囊大概有 8 万–15 万个，可是全身绝大多数体毛退化了。早期的鸟类学家手工逐根数毛，发现了鸟类羽毛的秘密。曾经有一个规律，体型越大，单位体重羽毛越少。小天鹅站了出来打破了规律。以前全认为帝企鹅羽毛密度最高，新研究发现它正羽密度其实一般，可是算上基部副羽、绒羽，总羽量登顶鸟类冠军。潜水的白喉河乌全身是毛，红喉北蜂鸟的毛量为了飞行而妥协。 告别焦虑吧，朋友。毛发多少这些全是大自然安排的。 好“鹅”一身毛 “划水”的鸟 白喉河乌 会飞，毛少..... 参考文献 Ammann, G. A. (1937). Number of contour feathers of Cygnus and Xanthocephalus. The Auk, 54(2), 201–202. Wetmore, A. (1936). The number of contour feathers in Passeriformes and related birds. The Auk, 53(2), 159–169. Hutt, F. B., & Ball, L. (1938). Number of feathers and body size in passerine birds. The Auk, 55(4), 651–657. Williams, C. L., Hagelin, J. C., & Kooyman, G. L. (2015). Hidden keys to survival: The type, density, pattern and functional role of emperor penguin body feathers. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 282(1817), 20152033. Kiat, Y., & O'Connor, J. K. (2024). Functional constraints on the number and shape of flight feathers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 121(8), e2306639121. Ng, C. S., & Li, W.-H. (2018). Genetic and molecular basis of feather diversity in birds. Genome Biology and Evolution, 10(10), 2572–2586. Davenport, J., O'Halloran, J., Hannah, F., McLaughlin, O., & Smiddy, P. (2009). Comparison of plumages of white-throated dipper Cinclus cinclus and blackbird Turdus merula. Waterbirds, 32(1), 169–178. Davenport, J., Hughes, R. N., Shorten, M., & Larsen, P. S. (2011). Drag reduction by air release promotes fast ascent in jumping emperor penguins — a novel hypothesis. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 430, 171–182. Paus, R., & Cotsarelis, G. (1999). The biology of hair follicles. New England Journal of Medicine, 341(7), 491–497. Buffoli, B., Rinaldi, F., Labanca, M., Sorbellini, E., Trink, A., Guanziroli, E., Rezzani, R., & Rodella, L. F. (2014). The human hair: From anatomy to physiology. International Journal of Dermatology, 53(3), 331–341. Pagel, M., & Bodmer, W. (2003). A naked ape would have fewer parasites. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 270(Suppl. 1), S117–S119. Prum, R. O., & Brush, A. H. (2002). The evolutionary origin and diversification of feathers. The Quarterly Review of Biology, 77(1), 3–55. Chen, C.-F., Foley, J., Tang, P.-C., Li, A., Jiang, T.-X., Wu, P., Widelitz, R. B., & Chuong, C.-M. (2015). Development, regeneration, and evolution of feathers. Annual Review of Animal Biosciences, 3, 169–199. Ho, W. K. W., Freem, L., Zhao, D., Painter, K. J., Woolley, T. E., Gaffney, E. A., McGrew, M. J., Tzika, A., Milinkovitch, M. C., Schneider, P., Drul, A., et al. (2019). Feather arrays are patterned by interacting signalling and cell density waves. PLoS Biology, 17(1), e3000132. Jung, H.-S., Francis-West, P. H., Widelitz, R. B., Jiang, T.-X., Ting-Berreth, S., Tickle, C., Wolpert, L., & Chuong, C.-M. (1998). Local inhibitory action of BMPs and their relationships with activators in feather formation: Implications for periodic patterning. Developmental Biology, 196(1), 11–23. Harris, M. P., Williamson, S., Fallon, J. F., Meinhardt, H., & Prum, R. O. (2005). Molecular evidence for an activator-inhibitor mechanism in development of embryonic feather branching. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 102(33), 11734–11739. Dawson, C., Vincent, J. F. V., Jeronimidis, G., Rice, G., & Forshaw, P. (1999). Heat transfer through penguin feathers. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 199(3), 291–295. Du, N., Fan, J., Wu, H., Chen, S., & Liu, Y. (2007). An improved model of heat transfer through penguin feathers and down. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 248(4), 727–735. Rijke, A. M., & Jesser, W. A. (2010). The feather structure of dippers: Water repellency and resistance to water penetration. The Wilson Journal of Ornithology, 122(4), 727–733. Mallo, M. (2021). Of necks, trunks and tails: Axial skeletal diversity among vertebrates. Diversity, 13(7), 289. BGM Wind In Your Hair - Single azayaka Hair up - Justin Timberlake, Gwen Stefani & Ron Funches

天鹅座、天鹰座和乌鸦座，是全天 88 个星座里仅有的，而且在我们中国可见的三座 "鸟星座"。在九个以鸟命名的星座里，前三个源自于两河流域和古希腊，其余六座是大航海时代的荷兰水手在南天的发现。我们把飞鸟的轮廓还有名字赋予了星座，在永恒孤独的宇宙里，也算是安放了我们关于时间、生命与救赎的尊严。 乌鸦座 喝不到水的乌鸦 天鹰座 天鹅座 参考文献 Dexter, M. R. (2011). The monstrous Goddess: The degeneration of ancient bird and snake goddesses into historic age witches and monsters.The Journal of Archaeomythology, 7, 181–202. Gimbutas, M. (1989).The language of the Goddess: Unearthing the hidden symbols of Western civilization. Harper & Row. Gimbutas, M. (1991).The civilization of the Goddess: The world of Old Europe(J. Marler, Ed.). HarperSanFrancisco. Petrischak, H. (2020). Birds in constellations. In O. Grimm, K.-H. Gersmann, & A.-L. Tropato (Eds.),Raptor on the fist: Falconry, its imagery and similar motifs throughout the millennia on a global scale(Vol. 2.1, pp. 165–170). Wachholtz Verlag. Röllig, W. (1991). Überlegungen zum Etana-Mythos. In I. Gamer-Wallert & W. Helck (Eds.),Gegengabe: Festschrift für Emma Brunner-Traut(pp. 283–288). Attempto Verlag. Szücs-Csillik, I., Bădocan, I., & Maxim, Z. (2022). Neolithic birds on the night sky (I).Acta Terrae Septemcastrensis, 21, 203–223. Szücs-Csillik, I., & Maxim, Z. (2016). Celestial snake and agrarian calendar.Anuarul Muzeului Etnografic al Transilvaniei, 418–432. Szücs-Csillik, I., & Maxim, Z. (2021). Some crucial constellations in the Neolithic: Gemini-Taurus and Sagittarius-Scorpius.ArheoVest, 9(2), 533–552. Allen, R. H. (1899).Star-names and their meanings. G. E. Stechert. (Reprinted asStar names: Their lore and meaning, Dover Publications, 1963). Bayer, J. (1603).Uranometria: Omnium asterismorum continens schemata, nova methodo delineata, aereis laminis expressa. Christoph Mang. Bode, J. E. (1801).Uranographia, sive Astrorum Descriptio viginti tabulis aeneis incisa ex recentissimis et absolutissimis Astronomorum observationibus. Apud Autorem. Jamieson, A. (1822).A celestial atlas comprising a systematic display of the heavens in a series of thirty sheets of illustrated maps. G. & W. B. Whittaker. Le Monnier, P. C. (1776). Constellation du Solitaire.Histoire de l'Académie Royale des Sciences avec les Mémoires de Mathématique et de Physique, 1776, 561–564. Ovidius Naso, P. (2004).Metamorphoses(G. Fink, Trans. & Ed.,Ovid – Metamorphosen: Das Buch der Mythen und Verwandlungen). Artemis & Winkler. Ptolemaeus, C. (1984).Ptolemy's Almagest(G. J. Toomer, Trans.). Duckworth. (Original work compiled c. 150 AD). Ridpath, I. (1988).Star tales. James Clarke & Co. / Lutterworth Press. Sesti, G. M. (1991).The glorious constellations: History and mythology. Harry N. Abrams. Hawking, S. W. (1988).A brief history of time: From the big bang to black holes. Bantam Books. Miller-Jones, J. C. A., Bahramian, A., Orosz, J. A., Mandel, I., Gou, L., Maccarone, T. J., Neijssel, C. J., Zhao, X., Ziółkowski, J., Reid, M. J., Matthews, L. D., Tomsick, J. A., Ligterink, N. F. W., & Russell, T. D. (2021). Cygnus X-1 contains a 21-solar mass black hole—Implications for massive star winds.Science, 371(6533), 1046–1049. Neijssel, C. J., Vinciguerra, S., Vigna-Gómez, A., Hirai, R., Miller-Jones, J. C. A., Bahramian, A., Maccarone, T. J., & Mandel, I. (2021). Wind mass-loss rates of stripped stars inferred from the Cygnus X-1 binary system.The Astrophysical Journal, 908(2), 118. Thorne, K. S. (1994).Black holes and time warps: Einstein's outrageous legacy. W. W. Norton & Company. Zhao, X., Gou, L., Dong, Y., Zheng, X., Steiner, J. F., Miller-Jones, J. C. A., Bahramian, A., Orosz, J. A., & Ziółkowski, J. (2021). Re-evaluating the spin and accretor mass of the first black hole candidate Cygnus X-1.The Astrophysical Journal, 908(2), 117. Delporte, E. (1930).Délimitation scientifique des constellations (tables et cartes). Cambridge University Press / International Astronomical Union. International Astronomical Union (IAU). (2024).IAU catalog of star names (IAU-CSN). Working Group on Star Names (WGSN). Keller, H.-U. (2017).Das Kosmos-Himmelsjahr 2018: Sonne, Mond und Sterne im Jahreslauf. Franckh-Kosmos Verlag. Ottescu, I. (1907).Credințele țăranului român despre cer și stele[Romanian peasants' beliefs in stars and sky]. Analele Academiei Române, Seria II, Tom. XXIX, București. Pamfile, T. (1915).Cerul și podoabele lui după credințele poporului român[The sky and its ornaments according to Romanian folk beliefs]. Academia Română, București. 新华社 (Xinhua News Agency). (2026).古人称“天津九星，横河中” 寻访星空鹊桥. 新华网科技科普专栏. BGM I Am the Cosmos - Heirs of Fortune - Circus of Mirth

将近两百多年以来，我们一直认为鸟类的嗅觉退化了，只能靠视觉和听觉生活。这些误解可能源自于奥杜邦早年间做的关于红头美洲鹫实验，成为学界共识。上百年以后，有负责天然气巡线的工人发现，管道泄漏散发出来的乙硫醇会吸引秃鹫聚集，才让研究者重新审视鸟类嗅觉。 其实我们一直在用我们和动物相比非常迟钝的感觉去武断判断了动物的感知世界。 北岛褐几维鸟在喙尖端的鼻孔 哈哈，梗图一张 参考文献： Amo, L., Galván, I., Tomás, G., & Sanz, J. J. (2008). Predator odour recognition and avoidance in a songbird.Functional Ecology, 22(2), 289–293. Amo, L., Jansen, J. J., van Dam, N. M., Dicke, M., & Visser, M. E. (2013). Birds exploit herbivore-induced plant volatiles to locate herbivorous prey.Ecology Letters, 16(11), 1348–1355. Amo, L., Dicke, M., & Visser, M. E. (2016). Are naïve birds attracted to herbivore-induced plant defences?Behaviour, 153(3), 353–366. Audubon, J. J. (1826). An account of the habits of the Turkey Buzzard (Vultur aura), particularly with the view of exploding the opinion generally entertained of its extraordinary power of smelling.Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal, 2, 172–184. Bang, B. G., & Cobb, S. (1968). The size of the olfactory bulb in 108 species of birds.The Auk, 85(1), 55–61. Bonadonna, F., & Nevitt, G. A. (2004). Partner-specific odor recognition in an Antarctic seabird.Science, 306(5697), 835–835. Caspers, B. A., & Krause, E. T. (2011). Odour-based natal nest recognition in the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata), a colony-breeding songbird.Biology Letters, 7(2), 184–186. Caspers, B. A., Hagelin, J. C., Paul, M., Bock, S., Willeke, S., & Krause, E. T. (2017). Zebra finch chicks recognise parental scent, and retain chemosensory knowledge of their genetic mother, even after egg cross-fostering.Scientific Reports, 7(1), 12859. Clark, L., & Mason, J. R. (1988). Effect of biologically active plants used as nest material and the derived benefit to starling nestlings.Oecologia, 77(2), 174–180. Creece, D., Freire, R., & Massaro, M. (2025). Past research and future directions in understanding how birds use their sense of smell.Ibis, 167(4), 853–881. Cunningham, G. B., Van Buskirk, R. W., Hodges, M. J., Weimerskirch, H., & Nevitt, G. A. (2006). Behavioural responses of blue petrel chicks (Halobaena caerulea) to food-related and novel odours in a simple wind tunnel.Antarctic Science, 18(3), 345–352. DeBose, J. L., & Nevitt, G. A. (2008). The use of odors at different spatial scales: Comparing birds with fish.Journal of Chemical Ecology, 34(7), 867–881. Douglas, H. D. (2008). Prenuptial perfume: Alloanointing in the social rituals of the crested auklet (Aethia cristatella) and the transfer of arthropod deterrents.Naturwissenschaften, 95(1), 45–53. Gagliardo, A., Bried, J., Lambardi, P., Luschi, P., Wikelski, M., & Bonadonna, F. (2013). Oceanic navigation in Cory's shearwaters: Evidence for a crucial role of olfactory cues for homing after displacement.Journal of Experimental Biology, 216(15), 2798–2805. Gwinner, H., & Berger, S. (2008). Starling males select green nest material by olfaction using experience-independent and experience-dependent cues.Animal Behaviour, 75(3), 971–976. Hagelin, J. C., Jones, I. L., & Rasmussen, L. E. L. (2003). A tangerine-scented social odour in a monogamous seabird.Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 270(1522), 1323–1329. Leclaire, S., Strandh, M., Mardon, J., Westerdahl, H., & Bonadonna, F. (2017). Odour-based discrimination of similarity at the major histocompatibility complex in birds.Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 284(1846), 20162466. Molina-Morales, M., Castro, J., Albaladejo, G., & Parejo, D. (2020). Precise cache detection by olfaction in a scatter-hoarder bird.Animal Behaviour, 167, 185–191. Nevitt, G. A., Veit, R. R., & Kareiva, P. (1995). Dimethyl sulphide as a foraging cue for Antarctic Procellariiform seabirds.Nature, 376(6542), 680–682. Nevitt, G. A., Losekoot, M., & Weimerskirch, H. (2008). Evidence for olfactory search in Wandering albatrossDiomedea exulans.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105(12), 4576–4581. Padget, O., Dell'Ariccia, G., Gagliardo, A., González-Solís, J., & Guilford, T. (2017). Anosmia impairs homing orientation but not foraging behaviour in free-ranging shearwaters.Scientific Reports, 7(1), 9668. Papi, F., Fiore, L., Fiaschi, V., & Benvenuti, S. (1972). Olfaction and homing in pigeons.Monitore Zoologico Italiano - Italian Journal of Zoology, 6(1), 85–95. Parejo, D., Amo, L., Rodríguez, J., & Avilés, J. M. (2012). Rollers smell the fear of nestlings.Biology Letters, 8(4), 502–504. Pollonara, E., Luschi, P., Guilford, T., Wikelski, M., Bonadonna, F., & Gagliardo, A. (2015). Olfaction and topography, but not magnetic cues, control navigation in a pelagic seabird: Displacements with shearwaters in the Mediterranean Sea.Scientific Reports, 5, 16486. Saavedra, I., & Amo, L. (2018). Insectivorous birds eavesdrop on the pheromones of their prey.PLoS ONE, 13(1), e0190415. Savoca, M. S., Wohlfeil, M. E., Ebeler, S. E., & Nevitt, G. A. (2016). Marine plastic debris emits a keystone infochemical for olfactory foraging seabirds.Science Advances, 2(11), e1600395. Soler, J. J., Pérez-Contreras, T., De Neve, L., Macías-Sánchez, E., Møller, A. P., & Soler, M. (2014). Recognizing odd smells and ejection of brood parasitic eggs. An experimental test in magpies of a novel defensive trait against brood parasitism.Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 27(7), 1265–1270. Stager, K. E. (1964). The role of olfaction in food location by the Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura).Los Angeles County Museum Contributions in Science, 81, 1–63. Stanbury, M., & Briskie, J. V. (2015). I smell a rat: Can New Zealand birds recognize the odor of an invasive mammalian predator?Current Zoology, 61(1), 34–41. Steiger, S. S., Fidler, A. E., Valcu, M., & Kempenaers, B. (2008). Avian olfactory receptor gene repertoires: Evidence for a well-developed sense of smell in birds?Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 275(1649), 2309–2317. Wallraff, H. G. (2004). Avian olfactory navigation: Its empirical foundation and conceptual state.Animal Behaviour, 67(2), 189–204. Wallraff, H. G., & Andreae, M. O. (2000). Spatial gradients in ratios of atmospheric trace gases: A study stimulated by experiments on bird navigation.Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology, 52(4), 1138–1157. Wenzel, B. M. (1968). Olfactory prowess of the kiwi.Nature, 220(5172), 1133–1134. Wikelski, M., Arriero, E., Gagliardo, A., Holland, R. A., Huttunen, M. J., Juvaste, R., & Wistbacka, R. (2015). True navigation in migrating gulls requires intact olfactory nerves.Scientific Reports, 5, 17061. Wikelski, M., Quetting, M., Cheng, Y., Fiedler, W., Flack, A., Gagliardo, A., & Williams, J. (2021). Smell of green leaf volatiles attracts White storks to freshly cut meadows.Scientific Reports, 11(1), 12912. Zidar, J., & Løvlie, H. (2012). Scent of the enemy: Behavioural responses to predator faecal odour in the fowl.Animal Behaviour, 84(3), 547–554. BGM：小红莓乐队 - Animal Instinct

和我们人类楼市选择相似，鸟类在每年的繁殖季也面抉择。是耗费体能新建一个巢穴？还是干脆就用旧的巢。？这个非常简单的选择，是鸟类在漫长演化中形成的精准生存权衡，暗藏着自然的生存法则。 不同的鸟类有着不同的筑巢习性。小型雀形目鸣禽的露天杯状巢，经过了风吹雨淋很容易霉变破损，还容易被天敌锁定位置，所以它们坚持年年筑新巢。住树洞巢的鸟类、大型的猛禽和群居鸟类更偏爱复用旧巢。 筑巢是极度消耗体能与时间的工程。鸟类的选择始终遵循着能量平衡的逻辑。体能充足、时间充就筑新巢；体质孱弱、繁殖窗口期紧张就用旧巢求生存。这样的不动产抉择方式是大自然最残酷也最公平的生存智慧。 参考文献Wiebe, K. L., Koenig, W. D., & Martin, K. (2007). Costs and benefits of nest reuse versus excavation in cavity-nesting birds.Annales Zoologici Fennici,44(3), 209–217. Hafstad, I., Stokke, B. G., Vikan, J. R., Rutila, J., Røskaft, E., & Moksnes, A. (2005). Within-year nest reuse in open-nesting, solitary breeding passerines.Ornis Norvegica,28, 58–61. Barclay, R. M. R. (1988). Variation in the costs, benefits, and frequency of nest reuse by Barn Swallows (Hirundo rustica).The Auk,105(1), 53–60. Cancellieri, S., & Murphy, M. T. (2013). Experimental examination of nest reuse by an open-cup-nesting passerine: Time/energy savings or nest site shortage?Animal Behaviour,85(6), 1287–1294. DOI：10.1016/j.anbehav.2013.03.017 Cancellieri, S. A. (2013).An experimental investigation of nest reuse and nest site selection in an open-cup nesting passerine(Master's thesis). Portland State University. DOI：10.15760/etd.641 Otterbeck, A., Selås, V., Nielsen, J. T., Roualet, É., & Lindén, A. (2019). The paradox of nest reuse: Early breeding benefits reproduction, but nest reuse increases nest predation risk.Oecologia,190(3), 559–568. DOI：10.1007/s00442-019-04436-7 Higgins, J., & Flaherty, K. (2021).Analysis of nest re-use by secondary cavity nesters. Fairmont State University & Project NestWatch. Hansell, M. (2000).Bird nests and construction behaviour. Cambridge University Press. Collias, N. E., & Collias, E. C. (1984).Nest building and bird behavior. Princeton University Press. Brown, C. R., & Brown, M. B. (1986). Ectoparasitism as a cost of coloniality in Cliff Swallows (Hirundo pyrrhonota).Ecology,67(5), 1206–1218. Withers, P. C. (1977). Energetic aspects of reproduction by the Cliff Swallow.The Auk,94(4), 718–725. Sonerud, G. A. (1985). Nest hole shift in Tengmalm's OwlAegolius funereusas defence against nest predation involving long-term memory in the predator.Journal of Animal Ecology,54(1), 179–192. Sonerud, G. A., & Fjeld, P. E. (1987). Long-term memory in egg predators: An experiment with a Hooded Crow.Ornis Scandinavica,18(4), 323–325. Newton, I. (1986).The Sparrowhawk. T & AD Poyser. Newton, I. (1998).Population limitation in birds. Academic Press. Martin, T. E. (1993). Evolutionary determinants of clutch size in cavity-nesting birds: Nest predation or limited breeding opportunities?The American Naturalist,142(6), 937–946. Martin, T. E. (1995). Avian life history evolution in relation to nest sites, nest predation, and food.Ecological Monographs,65(1), 101–127. Walters, E. L., Miller, E. H., & Lowther, P. E. (2002). Yellow-bellied Sapsucker (Sphyrapicus varius). In A. Poole & F. Gill (Eds.),The Birds of North America(No. 662). Birds of North America, Inc. Jackson, J. A. (1977). Red-cockaded Woodpeckers and pine red heart disease.The Auk,94(1), 160–163. Collias, N. E., & Collias, E. C. (1978). Cooperative breeding behavior in the Sociable WeaverPhiletairus socius.Encyclopaedia of Avian Biology,19, 18–32. van Dijk, R. E., Kaden, J. C., Argüelles-Ticó, A., Dawson, D. A., Burke, T., & Hatchwell, B. J. (2013). The thermoregulatory benefits of the communal nest of sociable weaversPhiletairus sociusare spatially structured within nests.Journal of Avian Biology,44(2), 102–110. Covas, R., Doutrelant, C., & du Plessis, M. A. (2004). Experimental evidence of benefits of helping in the cooperatively breeding sociable weaver.Behavioral Ecology,15(4), 668–673. Broley, C. L. (1947). Migration and nesting of Florida Bald Eagles.The Wilson Bulletin,59(1), 3–20. Dunning, J. B. (1993).CRC handbook of avian body masses. CRC Press (Hamerkop nest construction dynamics). BGM Let’s Go Home Together - Ella Henderson & Tom Grennan

你知道每年春天，有多少只鸟飞过美洲大陆吗？数以百亿计。仅春季北迁的候鸟，总生物量就超过三万吨。它们无声无息，却波澜壮阔。但迁徙从来不是一帆风顺：风暴、沙漠、磁场扰动，都会让一些个体脱离航线。在鸟类学里，这些迷途的漂流者，被称为 ' 迷鸟 '。它们能找回回家的路吗？ 你见过迷路的鸟吗？或者，你有没有过 ' 迷航 ' 的经历，最后找到回家的路了吗？欢迎您在评论区聊聊。 参考文献 Andrade, P., Franco, A. M. A., Acácio, M., Afonso, S., Marques, C. I., Moreira, F., Carneiro, M., & Catry, I. (2025). Mechanisms underlying the loss of migratory behaviour in a long-lived bird.Journal of Animal Ecology,94(5), 1061–1075. DOI：10.1111/1365-2656.70035 Berthold, P., Helbig, A. J., Mohr, G., & Querner, U. (1992). Rapid micro-evolution of migratory behaviour in a wild bird species.Nature,360(6405), 668–670. DOI：10.1038/360668a0 Buechley, E. R., Oppel, S., Efrat, R., Phipps, W. L., Alanis, I. C., Alvarez, E., Andreotti, A., Arkumarev, V., Berger-Tal, O., Bermejo, A., Bounas, A., Ceccolini, G., Cenerini, A., Dobrev, V., Duriez, O., García, J., García-Ripollés, C., Galán, M., Gil, A., … Marra, P. P. (2021). Differential survival throughout the full annual cycle of a migratory bird presents a life-history trade-off.Journal of Animal Ecology,90(5), 1228–1238. DOI：10.1111/1365-2656.13449 Dufour, P., Sayol, F., Cooke, R., Blackburn, T. M., Gallien, L., Griesser, M., Steinbauer, M. J., & Faurby, S. (2024). The importance of migratory drop-off for island colonization in birds.Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences,291(2021), 20232926. DOI：10.1098/rspb.2023.2926 Klaassen, R. H. G., Hake, M., Strandberg, R., Koks, B. J., Trierweiler, C., Exo, K.-M., Bairlein, F., & Alerstam, T. (2014). When and where does mortality occur in migratory birds? Direct evidence from long-term satellite tracking of raptors.Journal of Animal Ecology,83(1), 176–184. DOI：10.1111/1365-2656.12135 Lascelles, B., Di Sciara, G. N., Agardy, T., Cuttelod, A., Eckert, S., Glowka, L., Hoyt, E., Llewellyn, F., Louzao, M., Ridoux, V., & Tetley, M. J. (2014). Migratory marine species: their status, threats and conservation management needs.Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems,24(Suppl. 2), 111–127. DOI：10.1002/aqc.2512 Lok, T., Overdijk, O., & Piersma, T. (2015). The cost of migration: Spoonbills suffer higher mortality during trans-Saharan spring migrations only.Biology Letters,11(1), 20140944. DOI：10.1098/rsbl.2014.0944 Menu, S., Gauthier, G., & Reed, A. (2005). Survival of young Greater Snow Geese (Chen caerulescens atlantica) during fall migration.The Auk,122(2), 479–496. DOI：10.1093/auk/122.2.479 Newton, I. (2008). The Migration Ecology of Birds. Academic Press. Newton, I. (2025). Migration mortality in birds.Ibis,167(1), 106–123. DOI：10.1111/ibi.13316 Oppel, S., Dobrev, V., Arkumarev, V., Saravia, V., Bounas, A., Kret, E., Velevski, M., Stoychev, S., & Nikolov, S. C. (2015). High juvenile mortality during migration in a declining population of a long-distance migratory raptor.Ibis,157(3), 545–557. DOI：10.1111/ibi.13254 Perdeck, A. C. (1958). Two types of orientation in migrating Starlings,Sturnus vulgarisL., and Chaffinches,Fringilla coelebsL., as revealed by displacement experiments.Ardea,46(1–2), 1–37. DOI：10.5253/arde.v46.p1 Senner, N. R., Verhoeven, M. A., Abad-Gómez, J. M., Alves, J. A., Hooijmeijer, J. C., Howison, R. A., Kentie, R., Loonstra, A. H. J., Masero, J. A., Rocha, A. D., Stager, M., & Piersma, T. (2019). High migratory survival and highly variable migratory behaviour in Black-tailed godwits.Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution,7, 96. DOI：10.3389/fevo.2019.00096 Sergio, F., Barbosa, J. M., Tanferna, A., Silva, R., Blas, J., & Hiraldo, F. (2022). Compensation for wind drift during raptor migration improves with age through mortality selection.Nature Ecology & Evolution,6(7), 989–997. DOI：10.1038/s41559-022-01776-1 Sergio, F., Tavecchia, G., Tanferna, A., Blas, J., Blanco, G., & Hiraldo, F. (2019). When and where mortality occurs throughout the annual cycle changes with age in a migratory bird: individual vs population implications.Scientific Reports,9(1), 17352. DOI：10.1038/s41598-019-53573-0 Sillett, T. S., & Holmes, R. T. (2002). Variation in survivorship of a migratory songbird throughout its annual cycle.Journal of Animal Ecology,71(2), 296–308. DOI：10.1046/j.1365-2656.2002.00599.x Swift, R. J., Rodewald, A. D., Johnson, J. A., Andres, B. A., & Senner, N. R. (2020). Seasonal survival and reversible state effects in a long-distance migratory shorebird.Journal of Animal Ecology,89(9), 2043–2055. DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13271 Thorup, K. (1998). Vagrancy of Yellow-browed WarblerPhylloscopus inornatusand Pallas's WarblerPh. proregulusin north-west Europe: Misorientation on great circles?Ringing & Migration,19(1), 7–12. DOI: 10.1080/03078698.1998.9674155 Thorup, K. (2004). Reverse migration as a cause of vagrancy in autumn.Bird Study,51(3), 228–238. DOI: 10.1080/00063650409461358 Thorup, K., Bisson, I.-A., Bowlin, M. S., Holland, R. A., Raman, N. R., & Wikelski, M. (2007). Evidence for a navigational map stretching across the continental U.S. in a migratory songbird.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,104(46), 18115–18119. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0704734104 Wilcove, D. S., & Wikelski, M. (2008). Going, going, gone: Is animal migration disappearing?PLoS Biology,6(7), e188. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0060188 Xu, J., Jarocha, L. E., Zollitsch, T., Konowalczyk, M., Henbest, K. B., Richert, S., Golesworthy, M. J., Schmidt, J., Déjean, V., Sowood, D. J., Bassetto, M., Luo, J., Akhtar, J., Cao, R., Liang, C. X., Dai, H. P., Shen, P. J., Gao, K. Y., Mouritsen, H., & Hore, P. J. (2021). Magnetic sensitivity of cryptochrome 4 from a migratory songbird.Nature,594(7864), 535–540. DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03618-9 BGM: The sign of the times - Harry Styles

在上周的内容里我们简单介绍了希腊神话和中国神话中的一些异同，也对两种神话体系里各自的创世纪，英雄，美女做了个比较。今天的节目就把天庭体系里的各位神仙和奥林匹斯的十二主神做一个比较吧。 看看能不能一一对应上。 红陶罐上的命运三女神 哈迪斯抢亲 种子女神和农业女神的团聚 明代玉皇大帝的画像 正牌太阳神-赫利俄斯 太阳神的坑爹儿子 参考文献： [1] 袁珂. 中国神话通论[M]. 成都:巴蜀书社,1993. [2] 袁珂. 山海经校注[M]. 北京:北京联合出版公司,2014. [3] 刘安. 淮南子[M]. 高诱,注. 上海:上海古籍出版社,2018. [4] 闻一多. 神话与诗[M]. 北京:中华书局,2016. [5] 茅盾. 中国神话研究ABC[M]. 上海:上海古籍出版社,2019. [6] 李泽厚. 美的历程[M]. 北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,2017. [7] 葛兆光. 中国思想史[M]. 上海:复旦大学出版社,2013. [8] 陈鼓应. 道家思想与中国神话文化[M]. 北京:中华书局,2020. [9] 张岱年. 中国文化概论[M]. 北京:北京师范大学出版社,2018. [10] 王钟陵. 中国上古神话的系统性及文化内涵[J]. 文学评论,2015(02):112-120. [11] 赵敏俐. 中西神话精神差异与文明底色溯源[J]. 中国社会科学文摘,2021(05):78-79. [12] 刘毓庆. 道教仙话对中国上古神话的体系补全与伦理重构[J]. 民俗研究,2020(03):89-97. [13] 刘书刚. 《西游记》三教融合的神话体系建构研究[J]. 明清小说研究,2019(04):102-115. [1] Homer. The Iliad[M]. Translated by Richmond Lattimore. Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1951. [2] Homer. The Odyssey[M]. Translated by Richmond Lattimore. Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1965. [3] Hesiod. Theogony and Works and Days[M]. Translated by Stanley Lombardo. Indianapolis:Hackett Publishing,1993. [4] Hamilton E. Mythology: Timeless Tales of Gods and Heroes[M]. New York:Little, Brown and Company,1942. [5] Kirk G S. The Nature of Greek Myths[M]. London:Penguin Classics,1974. [6] Burkert W. Greek Religion: Archaic and Classical[M]. Translated by John Raffan. Oxford:Blackwell Publishing,1985. [7] Vernant J P. Myth and Society in Ancient Greece[M]. Translated by Janet Lloyd. New York:Zone Books,1990. [8] Meuli K. Greek Mythology and Religion[J]. The Journal of Hellenic Studies,1976(96):1-18. BGM 生活倒影 - 苏运莹

中西方的神话是所有神话体系中最硬核的存在。 虽然远隔万里，但是在有的部分又有类似的地方。正好前段时间我们的节目里提到了在荷马史诗里出现的鸟类，今天就歪楼一下，来戏说下东西方神话的不同，咱们也一起找找别扭。 因为资料和内容比较多，我们就分成上下两集。 上集主要就是关于神话体系里创世纪，造人，神仙的生活状态，英雄， 美女这些。 在下集内容里会再来对应下天庭和奥林匹斯山的“管理层”。 注：关于阿芙洛狄特的出生， 有不同的版本。 在荷马史诗里，说她是宙斯的女儿，也是我们这次的表述。 在赫西俄德的神迹里面， 她是宙斯的长辈。乌拉诺斯在被克洛诺斯阉割了以后，他的生殖器官掉到了海里，化成了泡沫， 在泡沫中诞生了阿芙洛狄特，也就是著名的维纳斯的诞生（维纳斯是阿芙洛狄特的罗马名字）。 波提切利 - 维纳斯的诞生 中间C位，站在贝壳上的就是维纳斯。左边两位是风神，男性是西风神费泽罗斯，女性的说法众多，有的说是微风女神奥拉，也有的说是西风神的妻子，花仙克洛里斯。右边的这位有的说是春之时序女神，也有的说是美惠三女神之一。 比较有意思的是，看到岸边的菖蒲了么？据说那是对克洛诺斯被阉割掉的生殖器官的隐喻。 我个人才疏学浅，只是阅读过部分的内容， 如果有什么错误的地方，还请大家多多指正。 参考文献 [1] 刘安。淮南子 [M]. 高诱，注。上海：上海古籍出版社，2018. [2] 闻一多。神话与诗 [M]. 北京：中华书局，2016. [3] 茅盾。中国神话研究 ABC [M]. 上海：上海古籍出版社，2019. [4] 袁珂。中国神话通论 [M]. 成都：巴蜀书社，1993. [5] 袁珂。山海经校注 [M]. 北京：北京联合出版公司，2014. [6] 李泽厚。美的历程 [M]. 北京：生活・读书・新知三联书店，2017. [7] 葛兆光。中国思想史 [M]. 上海：复旦大学出版社，2013. [8] 陈鼓应。道家思想与中国神话文化 [M]. 北京：中华书局，2020. [9] 张岱年。中国文化概论 [M]. 北京：北京师范大学出版社，2018. [10] 张学明。中西神话 [M]. 北京：北京大学出版社，2013. [11] 赫西俄德。神谱 [M]. 张竹明，译。北京：商务印书馆，1997. [12] 荷马。伊利亚特 [M]. 罗念生，译。北京：人民文学出版社，1994. [13] 上海博物馆。博物馆与古希腊文明 [M]. 上海：上海古籍出版社，2014. [14] 王钟陵。中国上古神话的系统性及文化内涵 [J]. 文学评论，2015 (02):112‑120. [15] 赵敏俐。中西神话精神差异与文明底色溯源 [J]. 中国社会科学文摘，2021 (05):78‑79. [16] 刘毓庆。道教仙话对中国上古神话的体系补全与伦理重构 [J]. 民俗研究，2020 (03):89‑97. [17] 刘书刚.《西游记》三教融合的神话体系建构研究 [J]. 明清小说研究，2019 (04):102‑115. [18] 丁梦圆。中西神话中人与自然关系的比较探究 [J]. 文化艺术创新，2024,7 (4):1‑4. [19] 澳门特别行政区政府文化局。玄天上帝与太上老君典籍考 [J]. 文化杂志，2011 (80):101‑110. [20] 维基百科编者。玉皇上帝 [EB/OL].(2023)[2026‑08‑25]. [21] HOMER. The Iliad[M]. LATTIMORE R,trans. Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1951. [22] HOMER. The Odyssey[M]. LATTIMORE R,trans. Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1965. [23] HESIOD. Theogony and Works and Days[M]. LOMBARDO S,trans. Indianapolis:Hackett Publishing,1993. [24] HAMILTON E. Mythology: Timeless Tales of Gods and Heroes[M]. New York:Little, Brown and Company,1942. [25] KIRK G S. The Nature of Greek Myths[M]. London:Penguin Classics,1974. [26] BURKERT W. Greek Religion: Archaic and Classical[M]. RAFFAN J,trans. Oxford:Blackwell Publishing,1985. [27] VERNANT J P. Myth and Society in Ancient Greece[M]. LLOYD J,trans. New York:Zone Books,1990. [28] LLOYD G E R. The ambitions of curiosity: Understanding the world in ancient Greece and China[M]. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2002. [29] MEULI K. Greek Mythology and Religion[J]. The Journal of Hellenic Studies,1976(96):1‑18. [30] WANG X Y. The legacy of ancient cultures: Rational concepts in ancient Chinese and ancient Greek mythology and their significance in modern literature[J]. Eurasian Journal of Applied Linguistics,2023,9(1):110‑122. [31] SHENG X. Cultural and value differences of goddess in ancient Greece and China[J]. European Scientific Journal,2017,13(23):102‑114. [32] KOSTUCH L. Do animals have a homeland? Ancient Greeks on the cultural identity of animals[J]. Humanimalia: A Journal of Human/Animal Interface Studies,2017,9(1):69‑87. [33] Atlantis Press. A brief comparison on the images of gods in Chinese and Greek mythology and the social background[C]//Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research.Paris:Atlantis Press,2020.21.5‑219. [34] Comparative Mythology Studies. Cross‑cultural motifs in creation and flood mythologies[J]. Journal of Comparative Literature,2023,15(2):45‑60. [35] International Journal of Education and Humanities. Comparative analysis of ancient Chinese and Greek myths and their cultural legacies[J]. IJEH,2023,5(1):12‑18. BGM Apollo - Nightcore High & Timebelle

谁说夜里不能看鸟？科技发展越来越快，热成像仪现在已经从下放到民用的水平， 那么科学家是如何来利用这件神器来进行鸟类监测的呢？ 山西浑源县永安禅寺 - 撕面明王 山西应县木塔和周围的雨燕 鹤飞去南方和矮人干仗！ 此冰下的淤泥里打捞出来冬眠的鸟 参考文献： Johnson, T. B., Gochfeld, D., Roach, M. C., Apte, G. A., Gallardy, R., Wilson, S. C., Marden, A., Irons, D. J., Farnsworth, A., & Rutt, C. L. (2026). Seeing in the dark: Using thermal imaging to directly observe nocturnal migration.Ornithology, 143(2), ukaf074. Mitchell, W. F., & Clarke, R. H. (2019). Using infrared thermography to detect night-roosting birds.Journal of Field Ornithology, 90(2), 1–13. 吕不韦等. (前239年). 《吕氏春秋·季秋纪》. 杜甫. (759年). 《月夜忆舍弟》. 卢纶. (唐代). 《和张仆射塞下曲六首·其三》. 王昌龄. (唐代). 《太湖秋夕》. 雍陶. (唐代). 《秋露》. 吴兆骞. (清代). 《帐夜》. Aristotle. (c. 350 BCE).Historia Animalium(Book VII/VIII). (Trans. D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson). Magnus, O. (1555).Historia de Gentibus Septentrionalibus(Description of the Northern Peoples). Rome. Morton, C. (1686).Compendium Physicae. Early English Books Online. 文史天地《中国人最好的夜色被唐朝人写绝了》 Scott, W. E. D. (1881). Some observations on the migration of birds.Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club, 6(2), 97–100. Libby, O. G. (1899). The nocturnal flight of migrating birds.The Auk, 16(2), 140–146. Gauthreaux, S. A., Jr., & Belser, C. G. (2003). Radar ornithology and biological conservation.The Auk, 120(2), 266–277. McCafferty, D. J. (2013). Applications of thermal imaging in avian science.Ibis, 155(1), 4–15. Van Doren, B. M., & Horton, K. G. (2018). A continental system for forecasting bird migration.Science, 361(6407), 1115–1118. Van Doren, B. M., Farnsworth, A., Stone, K., Osterhaus, D. M., Drucker, J., & Van Horn, G. (2024). Nighthawk: Acoustic monitoring of nocturnal bird migration in the Americas.Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 15(2), 329–344. BGM Night Bird - Keysmoa & July | Piano Society. 3 Share the Land - The Guess Who 听友群号：hotpeaker

流苏鹬雄鸟有三种截然不同的繁殖策略，其中80-95%是独立型雄性， 他们好斗，饰羽华丽；有5-20%的卫星型雄鸟，他们的羽毛白色，和独立雄性混在一起，借机交配；还有大概1%的伪装型雄鸟， 他们是女装大佬，拟态雌鸟偷袭繁殖。这些策略是由11号染色体上约450万碱基对的倒位超级基因决定的。大自然以此证明，成功繁衍的策略不止一种。 从做到右三位男士 - 伪装性雄鸟（女装大佬），卫星型雄鸟（白衣骑士），霸道领主（独立型雄鸟） 哈利波特 - 差点无头的尼克，脖子上那一圈就是Ruff 参考文献： Giraldo-Deck, L. M., Loveland, J. L., Goymann, W., Tschirren, B., Burke, T., Kempenaers, B., Lank, D. B., & Küpper, C. (2022). Intralocus conflicts associated with a supergene.Nature Communications, 13(1), 1384. Hill, J., Enbody, E. D., Bi, H., Lamichhaney, S., Lei, W., Chen, J., Wei, C., Liu, Y., Schwochow, D., Younis, S., Widemo, F., & Andersson, L. (2023). Low mutation load in a supergene underpinning alternative male mating strategies in ruff (Calidris pugnax).Molecular Biology and Evolution, 40(12), msad224. Loveland, J. L., Zemella, A., Jovanović, V. M., Möller, G., Sager, C. P., Bastos, B., Dyar, K. A., Fusani, L., Gahr, M., Giraldo-Deck, L. M., Goymann, W., Lank, D. B., Tokarz, J., Nowick, K., & Küpper, C. (2025). A single gene orchestrates androgen variation underlying male mating morphs in ruffs.Science, 387(6732), 406–412. Loveland, J. L., Giraldo-Deck, L. M., Lank, D. B., Goymann, W., Gahr, M., & Küpper, C. (2021). Functional differences in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis are associated with alternative reproductive tactics based on an inversion polymorphism.Hormones and Behavior, 127, 104877. Lamichhaney, S., Fan, G., Widemo, F., Gunnarsson, U., Thalmann, D. S., Hoeppner, M. P., Kerje, S., Gustafson, U., Shi, C., Zhang, H., Chen, W., Liang, X., Huang, L., Wang, J., Liang, E., Wu, Q., Lee, S. M.-Y., Xu, X., Höglund, J., Liu, X., & Andersson, L. (2016). Structural genomic changes underlie alternative reproductive strategies in the ruff (Philomachus pugnax).Nature Genetics, 48(1), 84–88. Campagna L. Supergenes: the genomic architecture of a bird with four sexes. Curr Biol. 2016 Feb 8;26(3):R105-R107. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2015.12.005. PMID: 26859263. Maney DL, Merritt JR, Prichard MR, Horton BM, Yi SV. Inside the supergene of the bird with four sexes. Horm Behav. 2020 Nov;126:104850. doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104850. PMID: 32937166; PMCID: PMC7725849. BGM：Michael Bolton - When a man loves a woman

公元402年，罗马从不列颠撤离以后，盎格鲁-撒克逊人陆续登陆，开启了不列颠的“七国时代”。在古英语诗歌《航海者》里记录了在那个时候人与自然的交锋，在以鸟为名的地名里还封存了他们更细腻的生态记忆。在现在的英国，有很多地名比如“斯尼特菲尔德”（沙锥之地）或“乌尔库姆”（鸮之谷），就是古英语对鸟类习性和鸣叫的“拟声实录”。那时候住在英国的岛人把夜栖的猫头鹰看成是黑暗的化身，把杜鹃的啼鸣当成了能留住夏日的咒语。 相比之下，中国带鸟名的地名就更具宏大叙事。河南鹤壁，山西雁门关，深圳“鹏城”，西安大雁塔等等，我门从微观的生态观察到宏观的军事图腾，地名见证了中国人和鸟类的共生。 不过，随着城市化推进，现在很多多地名早就名不副实了，还有你一些地产开发商滥用鸟名当成物业的名字来做营销，这些词汇就失去了生态根基。好在最近有流行和开展了“再野化”工程中，这些古老地名就成了找回失落自然的初始导航图。毕竟，我们人类从来不是独居在大地智商，而是活在万物共织的生命网里。 参考文献： Anonymous. (c. 10th Century).The Seafarer. InThe Exeter Book(MS 3501, Exeter Cathedral Library). [Exeter Book manuscript depicting Old English avian imagery, soundscapes, and nautical isolation]. Bartholomew Anglicus (Bartholomew the Englishman). (c. 1240 / Trans. John Trevisa, 1398).De proprietatibus rerum(On the Properties of Things). Westminster: Wynkyn de Worde. Chaucer, Geoffrey. (c. 1387–1400).The Canterbury Tales("The Wife of Bath's Tale"). London: William Caxton. Cocker, Mark, & Mabey, Richard. (2005).Birds Britannica. London: Chatto & Windus. Defoe, Daniel. (1724–1726).A Tour Thro' the Whole Island of Great Britain. London: G. Strahan. Jefferies, Richard. (1883).Nature Near London. London: Chatto & Windus. Jones, Richard. (2012).Manure in the Middle Ages: Sense of Place, Toponymy, and Environmental Perception in Early Medieval England. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Jørgensen, Dolly. (2019).Recovering Lost Species in the Modern Age: Histories of Longing and Belonging. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Mynott, Jeremy. (2008).Birds in the Ancient World: Winged Words. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 河南省测绘地理信息局, 鹤壁市自然资源和规划局. (2019). 《鹤壁市国土空间规划与地名演变历史考略》 [R]. 郑州: 河南省测绘地理信息局. 深圳市档案馆. (2022). 《追寻档案踪迹：深圳别名“鹏城”源流与大鹏所城历史》 [R/OL]. 深圳: 深圳市人民政府/深圳市档案馆. 芜湖市人民政府, 芜湖市统计局. (2024). 《芜湖市概况、历史沿革与“鸠兹”古地名考》 [R/OL]. 芜湖: 芜湖市人民政府官网. 辛晓娟. (2024-07-19). 《雁塔题名：唐代士人的荣耀与记忆》 [N].光明日报/ 光明网. 鹤山市人民政府文化馆. (2020). 《鹤山置县、客家移民开垦与“十七村”历史考略》 [R/OL]. 江门: 广东省鹤山市人民政府网. 鹰潭市地方志编纂委员会. (2011). 《鹰潭地名源流与水文地质自然地理考》 [M]. 鹰潭: 鹰潭市地方志办公室. BGM We Will Rock You / Eye of the Tiger / Clumsy Lover | Red Hot Chilli Pipers | The Return of the Bagpipes 2011 故乡 - 桑杰才让

《荷马史诗》里的鸟，藏着古希腊人惊人的自然观察力。成书于公元前8世纪的《伊利亚特》和《奥德赛》记录了三十多种鸟，细节精准得让现代鸟类学家惊叹。希腊人关注鸟类的解剖特征与行为逻辑，我们的先民则赋予了鸟深厚的道德与政治寓意。 东西方文明不约而同地将观察写入天空。一方是严谨的“野外解剖学”，一方是温情的“道德物候学”，羽毛翻飞间，就能映照出我们人类理解世界的两种浪漫路径。 参考文献： Boraston, J. Maclair. "The Birds of Homer."The Journal of Hellenic Studies, vol. 31, 1911, pp. 216–250. Mutschler, Fritz-Heiner (ed.). The Homeric Epics and the Chinese Book of Songs: Foundational Texts Compared. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2018. Arnott, W. Geoffrey. Birds in the Ancient World from A to Z. London & New York: Routledge, 2007. Johansson, Karin. The Birds in the Iliad: Identities, Interactions and Functions. (Gothenburg Studies in History, 2). Göteborg: Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis, 2012. 颜重威. 《诗经里的鸟类》. 台北: 乡宇文化, 2004. 招祥麒. 《诗歌，使鸟的生命延展永生——谈〈诗经〉中的鸟》. 灼见名家 (Master Insight), 2023. 《人民论坛》编辑部. 《中国古代保护鸟类的道德义务、执行机构及精神历程》. 《人民论坛》期刊, 2025. 中央纪委国家监委网站. 《“关关雎鸠”的雎鸠是什么鸟：传统文化名物考》. 中央纪委监察部网站客户端, 2017. 中国教育新闻网. 《先秦与汉魏古典诗歌中的禽鸟意象演变》. 中国教育报/文化专栏, 2019. 香港岭南大学中文系. 《诗经里的鸟民族——“天命玄鸟，降而生商”与上古鸟图腾考》. 岭南大学学术典藏, 2018. 国家林业和草原局. 《〈诗经〉名物博物考：风诗中的“鸠”与古人观鸟》. 国家林草局科普专栏, 2026. 光明网. 《〈关雎〉与先秦贵族审美及鸟类象征》. 《光明日报》文学遗产版, 2021. 科技大观园. 《“多识于鸟兽草木之名”：〈论语〉与〈诗经〉中的自然认知》. 科技部科普数据库. 香港特别行政区政府教育局. 《高中中国语文科推荐篇章导读：〈周南·关雎〉》. 课程发展处, 2021

人类对鸟类的痴迷自古有之，而且传统的鸟类研究也充满艰辛。科学家常有的最大的难题莫过于“认鸟”：在外观相似的鸟类中，如何分辨谁是“张三”谁是“李四”？ 现在，AI成了科研利器。在个体识别上，科学家发明了“鸟脸打卡机”。在行为学研究中，机器鸟“芬哥”惊艳亮相。在工业防范方面，风电场利用双目立体视觉和三级虚拟围栏技术，精准区分几百米外的猛禽和一般鸟类，实现“按需停机”。 中间的就是机械鸟“芬哥” 参考文献： Ferreira, A. C., Silva, L. R., Renna, F., Brandl, H. B., Renoult, J. P., Farine, D. R., Covas, R., & Doutrelant, C. (2020). Deep learning-based methods for individual recognition in small birds.Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 11(9), 1072–1085. DOI : 10.1111/2041-210X.13436 Simon, R., Varkevisser, J., Mendoza, E., Hochradel, K., Elsinga, R., Wiersma, P. G., Middelburg, E., Zoeter, E., Scharff, C., Riebel, K., & Halfwerk, W. (2023). RoboFinch: A versatile audio-visual synchronised robotic bird model for laboratory and field research on songbirds.Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 14(4), 1092–1103. DOI : 10.1111/2041-210X.14063 Goodman, B. D., Lima, K. A., Benz, S., Fisichelli, N. A., & Kitzes, J. (2025). Humans outperform Merlin Sound ID in field-based point-count surveys.Ornithological Applications, 127(4), duaf049. DOI : 10.1093/ornithapp/duaf049 Chalmers, C., Fergus, P., Wich, S., Longmore, S. N., Walsh, N. D., Oliver, L., Warrington, J., Quinlan, J., & Appleby, K. (2025). AI-Driven Real-Time Monitoring of Ground-Nesting Birds: A Case Study on Curlew Detection Using YOLOv10.Remote Sensing, 17(5), 769. DOI : 10.3390/rs17050769 Kahl, S., Wood, C. M., Eibl, M., & Klinck, H. (2021). BirdNET: A deep learning solution for avian diversity monitoring.Ecological Informatics, 61, 101236. DOI : 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2021.101236 Brighton, C., Clarke, J., & Boersch-Supan, P. (2025). Scientific support to the trial of Spoor AI at the European Offshore Wind Deployment Centre.BTO Research Report, 781, 109. Klar, N., Gifary, N., Ziegler, F. P. G., Sehnke, F., Kaifel, A., Price, E., & Ahmad, A. (2025). BirdRecorder's AI on Sky: Safeguarding birds of prey by detection and classification of tiny objects around wind turbines.arXiv preprint arXiv:2508.18136. Mund, J.-P., & Rieger, S. (2023). Remote Sensing Methods Combined with Anti-collision Systems to Reduce Avian Collisions with Wind Turbines, Facilitating the Energy Transition.Advances in GIScience, 2(2), 69–87. DOI : 10.1553/giscience2023_02_s69 BGM：Will you love me tomorrow - Carole King

最近有一项新的科学研究，结果很有意思 - 公园里的鸟，居然更“怕”女生？ 这篇文章在2025年底发表于《People and Nature》，横跨了欧洲五国七城，对37种共2701只鸟进行了精密的测试。结果发现：在面对女性的时候，鸟类的“惊飞距离”（FID）平均多出整整1米！这意味着，鸟类允许男性比女性多靠近11%的距离才逃跑。为什么会这样？什么原因呢？那请您听我们聊聊吧！ 参考文献： Morelli F, Benedetti Y, Mikula P, et al. (2026). Sex matters: European urban birds flee approaching women sooner than approaching men. People and Nature, 8: 316–326. DOI: 10.1002/pan3.70226 Ydenberg RC, Dill LM. (1986). The economics of fleeing from predators. Advances in the Study of Behavior, 16: 229–249. DOI: 10.1016/S0065-3454(08)60192-8 Blumstein DT. (2006). Developing an evolutionary ecology of fear: How life history and natural history traits affect disturbance tolerance in birds. Animal Behaviour, 71: 389–399. DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2005.05.010 Weston MA, McLeod EM, Blumstein DT, Guay PJ. (2012). A review of flight-initiation distances and their application to managing disturbance to Australian birds. Emu, 112: 269–286. DOI: 10.1071/MU12026 Møller AP. (2008). Flight distance of urban birds, predation, and selection for urban life. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 63: 63–75. DOI: 10.1007/s00265-008-0636-y Samia DSM, Blumstein DT, Díaz M, et al. (2017). Rural–urban differences in escape behavior of European birds across a latitudinal gradient. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 5: 66. DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2017.00066 Nepali A, Katuwal HB, Kc S, et al. (2024). Flight initiation distance and bird tolerance to humans in rural and urban habitats. Royal Society Open Science, 11: 240332. DOI: 10.1098/rsos.240332 Coetzer C, Bouwman H. (2017). Waterbird flight initiation distances at Barberspan Bird Sanctuary, South Africa. Koedoe, 59(1): a1419. DOI: 10.4102/koedoe.v59i1.1419 Seco Pon JP, et al. (2026). Risk-taking behavior in three Fulica species inhabiting an urban coastal lagoon in Mar del Plata city, Buenos Aires province, Argentina. Ecología Austral, 36: 176–189. DOI: 10.25260/EA.26.36.2.0.2607 Morelli F, Mikula P, Blumstein DT, et al. (2022). Flight initiation distance and refuge in urban birds. Science of the Total Environment, 842: 156939. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156939 Møller AP, Liang W, Samia DSM. (2019). Flight initiation distance, color and camouflage. Current Zoology, 65: 535–540. DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoz005 Morelli F, Benedetti Y, Díaz M, et al. (2019). Contagious fear: Escape behavior increases with flock size in European gregarious birds. Ecology and Evolution, 9: 6096–6104. DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5193 Kalb N, Anger F, Randler C. (2019). Flight initiation distance and escape behavior in the black redstart (Phoenicurus ochruros). Ethology, 125: 430–438. DOI: 10.1111/eth.12867 Zhou B, Liang W. (2020). Avian escape responses to observers wearing clothing of different colors: A comparison of urban and rural populations. Global Ecology and Conservation, 22: e00921. DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e00921 Yuan K, Yang S, et al. (2024). Responses of birds to observers holding popguns: Hunting history influences escape behavior of urban birds. Current Zoology, 70: 631–636. DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoad049 Sorge RE, Martin LJ, Isbester KA, et al. (2014). Olfactory exposure to males, including men, causes stress and related analgesia in rodents. Nature Methods, 11: 629–632. DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.2935 Bird RB, Bird DW. (2008). Why women hunt: Risk and contemporary foraging in a Western Desert Aboriginal community. Current Anthropology, 49: 655–693. DOI: 10.1086/587700 Haas R, Watson J, Buonasera T, et al. (2020). Female hunters of the early Americas. Science Advances, 6: eabd0310. DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd0310 Anderson A, Chilczuk S, Nelson K, Ruther R, Wall-Scheffler C. (2023). The myth of Man the Hunter: Women’s contribution to the hunt across ethnographic contexts. PLOS ONE, 18: e0287101. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287101 Amo L, López P, Martín J, et al. (2011). Smelling out predators is innate in birds. Ardea, 99: 177–184. DOI: 10.5253/078.099.0207 de Resende NC, Teixeira CP, de Azevedo CS. (2024). Flight initiation distance in an urban bird: Influence of the number of people, gaze orientation, and bird behavior. Birds, 5: 255–264. DOI: 10.3390/birds5020017 BGM That Girl (feat. Veegee) [Ye Remix] - Olly Murs

身在异乡的你，有没有想过：究竟哪儿才算自己的老家？是你的口味、口音这些？这些习惯又是哪些是刻在基因里，哪些又是后天养成的呢？其实不光是我们人类，鸟也有这个成长的烦恼。 科学家把荷兰斑姬鹟的蛋挪到瑞典孵化，让瑞典鸟当爹妈。结果这“荷籍瑞裔”的小鸟，春天回瑞典安家，冬天去非洲过冬时，落脚点却卡在了荷兰鸟和瑞典鸟的中间。 同窝的黑尾塍鹬，一个在荷兰放飞，一个扔到波兰，最后去的越冬地都不一样。白鹳的幼鸟要是错过了“老司机”的带队，就只能自己瞎飞，还有很多鸟类全有这样的问题。 基因打底，环境塑形，不论是我们人类还是鸟类，最后总会走出一条独属于自己的路。 BGM：回家之路 - 沈腾|电影《独行月球》 参考资料： Lamers K P, Ouwehand J, Ubels R, et al. Innate factors and ontogeny determine nonbreeding areas of migrant songbirds. Science, 392(6805): 1375–1379, 2026. Lamers K P, Nilsson J Å, Nicolaus M, et al. Adaptation to climate change through dispersal and inherited timing in an avian migrant. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 7(11): 1869–1877, 2023. Loonstra A H J, Verhoeven M A, Both C, et al. Translocation of shorebird siblings shows intraspecific variation in migration routines to arise after fledging. Current Biology, 33(12): 2535–2540.e3, 2023. Chernetsov N, Berthold P, Querner U. Migratory orientation of first-year white storks (Ciconia ciconia): inherited information and social interactions. Journal of Experimental Biology, 207(6): 937–943, 2004. Meyburg B U, Bergmanis U, Langgemach T, et al. Orientation of native versus translocated juvenile lesser spotted eagles (Clanga pomarina) on the first autumn migration. Journal of Experimental Biology, 220(15): 2765–2776, 2017. Thorup K, Vega M L, Snell K R S, et al. Flying on their own wings: young and adult cuckoos respond similarly to long-distance displacement during migration. Scientific Reports, 10: 7698, 2020. Byholm P, Beal M, Isaksson N, et al. Paternal transmission of migration knowledge in a long-distance bird migrant. Nature Communications, 13: 1566, 2022. Mueller T, O'Hara R B, Converse S J, et al. Social learning of migratory performance. Science, 341(6149): 999–1002, 2013. Madsen J, Schreven K H T, Jensen G H, et al. Rapid formation of new migration route and breeding area by Arctic geese. Current Biology, 33(6): 1162–1170.e4, 2023. Gu Z, Pan S, Lin Z, et al. Climate-driven flyway changes and memory-based long-distance migration. Nature, 591(7849): 259–264, 2021. Lisowski C, Quetting M, Klaus D, et al. Homing pigeon navigation relies on superparamagnetic macrophages under overcast conditions. Science, 392(6801): 985–991, 2026. 詹媛. 2021年度中国生命科学十大进展发布. 人民网, 2022-01-11. Perdeck A C. Two types of orientation in migrating starlings, Sturnus vulgarisL., and chaffinches, Fringilla coelebsL., as revealed by displacement experiments. Ardea, 46: 1–37, 1958. Helbig A J. Inheritance of migratory direction in a bird species: a cross-breeding experiment with SE- and SW-migrating blackcaps (Sylvia atricapilla). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 28(1): 9–12, 1991. Berthold P, Helbig A, Mohr G, et al. Rapid microevolution of migratory behaviour in a wild bird species. Nature, 360(6406): 668–670, 1992. Delmore K E, Irwin D E. Hybrid songbirds employ intermediate routes in a migratory divide. Ecology Letters, 17(10): 1211–1218, 2014. Sokolovskis K, Lundberg M, Åkesson S, et al. Migration direction in a songbird explained by two loci. Nature Communications, 14: 165, 2023.

在城市里，纯“野生”的环境越来越少， 城市里的动物发生了什么样的改变呢？城市不只是咱们人类的地盘，也是野生动物的“超速进化实验室”。 鸽子成了“带翅膀的老鼠”。这些“宅鸟”的活动半径离家不超过25公里，他们不向往野外，城里的高楼和垃圾成就了他们的帝国。。 伦敦地铁里的蚊子也是有历史传承的，他们早在两千年前就适应了地下环境，地铁只是它们的新家而已。 在日本乌鸦会把坚果放在斑马线前，等红灯时用车轮胎压碎，绿灯时再安心地开饭。多伦多的浣熊变身开锁大师，为了吃到垃圾，它们能破解市政府耗资3100万加元研发的“防浣熊智能垃圾桶” 城市也无力让自然退场，而是迫使各种生命形式以惊人的速度重塑自我。 参考文献： 1. Carlen, E., & Munshi-South, J. (2021). Widespread genetic connectivity of feral pigeons across the Northeastern megacity.Evolutionary Applications, 14(1), 150-162. 2. Hamer, A. J., Smith, P. J., & McDonnell, M. J. (2012). The importance of habitat design and aquatic connectivity in amphibian use of urban stormwater retention ponds.Urban Ecosystems, 15(2), 451-471. 3. Jerolmack, C. (2008). How pigeons became rats: The cultural-spatial logic of problem animals.Social Problems, 55(1), 72-94. 4. Johnson, M. T. J., & Munshi-South, J. (2017). Evolution of life in urban environments.Science, 358(6363), eaam8327. 5. Nihei, Y. (1995). Variations of behaviour of Carrion Crows Corvus corone using automobiles as nutcrackers. Japanese Journal of Ornithology, 44(1), 21-35. 6. Byrne, K., & Nichols, R. A. (1999).Culex pipiensin London Underground tunnels: differentiation between surface and subterranean populations.Heredity, 82(1), 7-15. 7. Haba, Y., Aardema, M. L., Afonso, M. O., Agramonte, N. M., Albright, J., Alho, A. M., Almeida, A. P. G., Alout, H., Alten, B., Altinli, M., ... McBride, L. (2025). Ancient origin of an urban underground mosquito. Science. 8. Santangelo, J. S., Ness, R. W., Cohan, B., Fitzpatrick, C. R., Innes, S. G., Koch, S., Miles, L. S., Munim, S., Peres-Neto, P. R., Prashad, C., Tong, A. T., Aguirre, W. E., Akinwole, P. O., Alberti, M., Álvarez, J., Anderson, J. T., Anderson, J. J., Ando, Y., Andrew, N. R., Angeoletto, F., ... Johnson, M. T. J. (2022). Global urban environmental change drives adaptation in white clover.Science, 375(6586), 1275-1281 9. Winchell, K. M., Reynolds, R. G., Prado-Irwin, S. R., Puente-Rolón, A. R., & Revell, L. J. (2016). Phenotypic shifts in urban areas in the tropical lizardAnolis cristatellus.Evolution, 70(5), 1009-1022. 10. Winchell, K. M., et al. (2023). Genome-wide parallelism underlies contemporary adaptation in urban lizards.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 120(3), e2216789120. 背景音乐： Monsters (feat. Katie Sky)｜Timeflies - After Hours (Deluxe Version)