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In this episode, we examine Iraq’s uncertain future after the U.S. withdrawal, Iran’s deepening influence and the role of Iran-backed militias, and ask whether Baghdad can assert its sovereignty amid competing regional powers. More than two decades after the 2003 U.S. invasion, Iraq finds itself at another turning point. The U.S. has ended its military presence in the country, while Iran continues to wield significant political and military influence through its allies and armed groups. In this episode, we look at the legacy of the U.S. invasion, Iraq’s role in the recent Iran war and the future of Iran’s influence in the country. Can Baghdad assert its sovereignty and balance competing powers, or will Iraq remain caught between them? Expert: Stanly Johny, International Affairs Editor, The Hindu  Research, Editing and Production: Sharmada Venkatasubramanian  Camera: Thamodharan B Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Saudi Arabia has spent the past few years trying to reshape its role in West Asia, moving away from confrontation with Iran, and seeking an end to the war in Yemen. However, the Iran war has changed the regional landscape. The resurgence of the Houthis, attacks on Saudi territory and energy infrastructure, and growing questions over the U.S. security guarantee have exposed the challenges facing Riyadh. At the same time, Saudi Arabia is navigating an increasingly complex relationship with the UAE, Israel and Iran. How is the war changing Saudi Arabia’s regional strategy? Can Riyadh keep its economic transformation insulated from the conflicts around it? And what role does Saudi Arabia see for itself in a rapidly changing West Asia? In this episode of Global Faultlines, Stanly Johny joins Sharmada Venkatasubramanian to examine Saudi Arabia’s changing position in the region and the challenges confronting Mohammed bin Salman’s ambitions. Expert: Stanly Johny, International Affairs Editor, The Hindu  Research, Editing and Production: Sharmada Venkatasubramanian  Camera: Shivaraj S Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The UAE has emerged as one of the most influential powers in West Asia, using diplomacy, trade, investment and strategic partnerships to extend its influence far beyond the Gulf. But its relationships with Saudi Arabia, Iran and Israel have grown increasingly complex, while the Iran war has tested its carefully calibrated regional strategy. At the same time, Abu Dhabi is deepening its strategic partnership with India. In this episode, we examine the UAE’s rise, its regional ambitions and the changing alliances shaping its foreign policy. Expert: Stanly Johny, International Affairs Editor, The Hindu  Research, Editing and Production: Sharmada Venkatasubramanian  Camera: Shivaraj S Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Israel has fought multiple wars and military campaigns since October 7, in Gaza, Lebanon and Iran, while expanding its military and intelligence operations across the region. But military reach does not necessarily translate into strategic victory. What has Israel actually achieved, and at what cost? Has it strengthened its security and position in West Asia, or created new vulnerabilities and deeper isolation? How have these wars changed Israel’s relationship with the United States, the Gulf and India, and what do they mean for the future of the Palestinian question?  In this episode of Global Faultlines, we examine Israel’s wars, its security establishment, its evolving regional strategy and the larger question: Is Israel winning? Expert: Stanly Johny, International Affairs Editor, The Hindu  Research, Editing and Production: Sharmada Venkatasubramanian  Camera: Johan Sathyadas J Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Yemen is no longer just the site of a devastating civil war. The Houthis have emerged as a powerful regional actor, capable of threatening Saudi Arabia, Israel and one of the world’s most important maritime trade routes. In this episode, we examine how the Houthis transformed from a domestic insurgency into a regional military force, how the Gaza war expanded their role, and why Yemen has now become a new front in the Iran war. We look at the Houthis’ relationship with Iran, the strategic importance of the Red Sea and Bab el-Mandeb, the renewed confrontation with Saudi Arabia, and what the escalation means for Yemen’s already catastrophic humanitarian crisis. Can Yemen still find a political settlement, or has the rise of the Houthis permanently changed the balance of power in West Asia? Expert: Stanly Johny, International Affairs Editor, The Hindu  Research, Editing and Production: Sharmada Venkatasubramanian  Camera: Shivaraj S Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Jordan rarely dominates the headlines, yet it sits at the heart of some of West Asia's biggest geopolitical faultlines. Bordering Israel and the occupied West Bank, Syria, Iraq and Saudi Arabia, the kingdom has been shaped by the Palestinian question, successive regional wars, and shifting alliances. How has Jordan managed to remain stable despite being surrounded by conflict? And can it continue balancing its ties with the United States and Israel while responding to growing regional tensions? In this episode of Global faultlines, we explore Jordan's history, its strategic importance, and the challenges shaping its future. Expert: Stanly Johny, International Affairs Editor, The Hindu  Research, Editing and Production: Sharmada Venkatasubramanian  Camera: Shivaraj S Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The war on Iran may be over, but its consequences are only beginning to reshape the Persian Gulf. For decades, Gulf monarchies have balanced security partnerships with the United States, pragmatic engagement with Iran, and ambitious plans to transform themselves into global economic hubs. The conflict has put that strategy to its biggest test yet. In this episode of Global Faultlines, we examine how the war has changed the Gulf security order. From the GCC's historical ties with Iran and the impact of the conflict on Gulf states to the future of the U.S. security architecture and the region's evolving strategic partnerships, we explore what comes next for one of the world's most consequential geopolitical theatres. Has the war fundamentally altered the Gulf's approach to Iran? Is the U.S.-led security architecture entering a new phase? And what does the post-war security order in the Persian Gulf look like? Expert: Stanly Johny, International Affairs Editor, The Hindu  Research, Editing and Production: Sharmada Venkatasubramanian  Camera: Shivaraj S Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Since October 7, West Asia has witnessed a cascade of crises, from the war in Gaza, attacks on Red Sea shipping, to the fall of the Assad regime in Syria, and direct military confrontation between Israel and Iran. Together, these events have reshaped the region's geopolitical landscape. For India, the stakes are particularly high. New Delhi has spent years cultivating close ties with Israel, Iran, Saudi Arabia, the UAE and other Gulf states while pursuing a policy of strategic autonomy and multi-alignment. But as rivalries sharpen and instability becomes more persistent, can India continue to balance relationships with competing powers? Or does this new regional reality demand a rethink of its long-term strategy? In this episode of Global Faultlines, we examine how West Asia has changed since October 7, what those changes mean for India's foreign policy, and where New Delhi fits into the region's evolving balance of power. Expert: Stanly Johny, International Affairs Editor, The Hindu  Research, Editing and Production: Sharmada Venkatasubramanian  Camera: Shivaraj S Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Iran-Israel-U.S. war may have ended with a ceasefire, but many of the questions that drove the conflict remain unresolved. After months of direct confrontation involving Iran, Israel and the United States, the region is taking stock of a war that raised fears of a wider regional conflict, disrupted global energy markets and brought renewed attention to Iran's nuclear programme. What did the war actually achieve? Did military action weaken Iran's nuclear ambitions or make the issue more difficult to resolve? Why is the Trump administration pursuing diplomacy with Tehran after abandoning the 2015 nuclear deal? And how has the conflict reshaped the balance of power in West Asia? In this episode of Global Faultlines, we speak about the consequences of the Iran-Israel war, the future of the U.S.-Iran relations, the state of Iran's nuclear programme, and what the ceasefire means for the future of the region. Expert: Stanly Johny, International Affairs Editor, The Hindu  Research, Editing and Production: Sharmada Venkatasubramanian  Camera: Shivaraj S Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The October 7 attacks triggered a wave of changes across West Asia, transforming conflicts, alliances, and the balance of power in the region. What began as a war in Gaza soon expanded into a wider regional crisis involving Lebanon, Iran, Syria, Yemen, and the Gulf. In this episode of Global Faultlines, we examine how West Asia has changed over the past two years, from Israel’s evolving military strategy and Iran’s regional position to Syria’s political transition, the Red Sea crisis, and shifting Gulf dynamics. As old red lines continue to collapse across the region, the episode asks whether West Asia is entering a completely new and more volatile era. Expert: Stanly Johny, International Affairs Editor, The Hindu  Research, Editing and Production: Sharmada Venkatasubramanian  Camera: Shivaraj S Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Lebanon’s civil war ended in 1990, but many of the country’s deeper fault lines remained unresolved. In the decades that followed, Lebanon rebuilt its cities and economy, yet sectarian politics, weak institutions, and competing centres of power continued to shape the state. In this second and final part of our Lebanon series on Global Faultlines, we examine the events that pushed the country into prolonged crisis. From the assassination of former Prime Minister Rafic Hariri and the withdrawal of Syrian troops, to the 2006 war between Israel and Hezbollah, the episode traces how regional conflicts continued to reshape Lebanon’s political landscape. We also look at the impact of the Syrian Civil War, the refugee crisis, the financial collapse of 2019, and the Beirut Port Explosion that exposed the depth of institutional failure in the country. As tensions rise once again between Israel and Hezbollah, the episode asks why Lebanon remains trapped in recurring cycles of instability, and whether the country can still find a path toward recovery. Expert: Stanly Johny, International Affairs Editor, The Hindu Research, Editing and Production: Sharmada Venkatasubramanian Camera: Shivaraj S Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Lebanon was once seen as a rare success story in West Asia, a country that appeared stable on the surface. However, beneath that image lay deep structural fault lines. In Part 1 of our Lebanon series at Global faultlines, we trace how a fragile post-independence system began to unravel. From the growing influence of Syria to the arrival of the Palestine Liberation Organization, Lebanon was steadily pulled into regional conflicts. We examine the impact of the Lebanese Civil War, Israel’s invasions in 1978 and 1982, and the rise of Hezbollah as a powerful force shaped by support from Iran. By the end of this episode, we ask: how did Lebanon become a frontline for regional power struggles—and what did that mean for its future? Expert: Stanly Johny, International Affairs Editor, The Hindu Research, Editing and Production: Sharmada Venkatasubramanian Camera: Shikha Kumari A, Karthik P Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

As tensions in West Asia spiral into one of the most dangerous confrontations in recent years, this episode of Global Faultlines breaks down the 2026 Iran–Israel–U.S. war, starting from the U.S.-led “Operation Epic Fury” and the killing of the former Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei to Iran’s sweeping retaliation across the region. We trace the roots of the conflict back to the collapse of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, examine how a long-running shadow war escalated into direct military confrontation, and unpack the strategic, economic, and humanitarian consequences, particularly the disruption of the Strait of Hormuz. With a fragile Pakistan-brokered ceasefire now under strain and high-stakes talks collapsing, we also take a closer look at why diplomacy has failed so far, what the key sticking points are, and whether the region is on the brink of another round of escalation. Expert: Stanly Johny, International Affairs Editor, The Hindu  Research, Editing and Production: Sharmada Venkatasubramanian  Camera: Shivaraj S, Karthik P Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The 2003 U.S.-led invasion of Iraq marked a decisive break in the country’s modern history. It removed the regime of Saddam Hussein, but also dismantled the institutions that had held the state together. In the aftermath, decisions such as the dissolution of the Iraqi army and de-Baathification weakened state authority and contributed to a rapidly deteriorating security environment. Iraq soon descended into insurgency and sectarian violence, with multiple armed groups, including those linked to Al-Qaeda, operating across the country. These conditions enabled the rise of the Islamic State, which seized large parts of Iraqi territory in 2014, bringing the state close to collapse. Although ISIS was eventually defeated territorially, its impact continues to shape Iraq’s political and security landscape. Today, Iraq faces persistent challenges: fragile governance, powerful armed groups, economic strain, and the competing influence of external actors, including Iran and the United States. In this episode of Global Faultlines, we examine Iraq after 2003, the collapse of the state, the rise of ISIS, and the country’s uncertain path forward. Expert: Stanly Johny, International Affairs Editor, The Hindu  Research, Editing and Production: Sharmada Venkatasubramanian  Camera: Shivaraj S Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Modern Iraq was not born in 2003. Its origins lie in the aftermath of the First World War, when the collapse of the Ottoman Empire led Britain to assemble a new state. The borders were drawn quickly. Building a stable political order proved far harder. Under the British Mandate, Iraq inherited centralised institutions that concentrated power but struggled to accommodate its ethnic and sectarian diversity. Sunni Arab elites dominated the new state, while Shia Arabs and Kurds often remained politically marginalised, patterns that would shape Iraq’s politics for decades. The 1958 revolution ended the monarchy and marked a turn toward military-led republicanism. The rise of the Ba'ath Party deepened authoritarian rule and ideological nationalism, culminating in the regime of Saddam Hussein. By the late 20th century, Iraq had fought a devastating war with Iran, invaded Kuwait, and endured years of sanctions. The state remained intact, but it was weakened, centralised, and heavily securitised. To understand why Iraq became the focal point of the 2003 invasion, it is essential to examine how the modern state was constructed, and how the fault lines embedded in its early formation continued to shape its trajectory. In this episode of Global Faultlines, we trace the creation of modern Iraq and the foundations of its long instability. Expert: Stanly Johny, International Affairs Editor, The Hindu  Research, Editing and Production: Sharmada Venkatasubramanian  Camera: Shivaraj S Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices