Advertise on podcast: TED演讲精选

There’s a common idea that it takes 10,000 hours of practice to become great at something. From an early age, we are encouraged to choose our path, focus specifically, and start racking up those hours. But, what if these head starts aren’t helping us the way we think they do? What if there’s a better way to excel? David Epstein shares how a different approach could set us up for greater success. [Directed by Avi Ofer, music by Stephen LaRosa]坊间一直有这样一种说法：要在某一领域做到顶尖，需要投入一万小时的练习。我们从小就被教导要选定人生方向，专注深耕，开始为积累这一万小时埋头努力。可如果，这些早早的起步，并非如我们所想那般能带来助力呢？如果，还有一种更优的方式能让我们脱颖而出呢？戴维・爱泼斯坦为我们分享另一种成长路径，如何能为我们铺就更广阔的成功之路。

In one of Aesop’s fables, a crow is searching for water. It spies a pitcher— but the water inside is beyond its reach. So, the crow begins dropping in pebbles. One-by-one, they displace the water, and the crow quenches its thirst. This is just one of many fascinating displays of intelligence from corvids. Katharina Brecht digs into what makes this bold, brainy family of songbirds so smart. [Directed by Irida Zhonga, narrated by Pen-Pen Chen, music by Phil Brookes].在伊索寓言中，有一只乌鸦正在寻找水源。它瞥见一只水罐——但罐中的水却遥不可及。于是乌鸦开始往罐里投掷小石子。一颗颗石子逐渐压低水位，乌鸦终于解了渴。这只是鸦科鸟类众多智慧表现中的一个精彩案例。卡塔琳娜·布雷希特（Katharina Brecht）深入探究了这个勇敢聪慧的鸣禽家族为何如此聪明。

Finnish sauna, Roman balneae, Japanese onsen, and Indigenous American sweat lodges are just a few examples of how cultures across the globe have long considered exposure to extreme temperatures therapeutic. But today scientists are only just beginning to unravel how and why this may be the case. So, what exactly is happening in your body when you feel the heat? Max G. Levy investigates. [Directed by Noam Sussman, Ali Kellner, Homework Studio, narrated by Alexandra Panzer, music by Salil Bhayani, cAMP Studio].芬兰桑拿、罗马浴场、日本温泉、美国土著汗蒸房只是全球各地文化长期以来认为暴露于极端温度有益健康的几个例子。但如今，科学家仍处于揭示这种情况如何出现、为何出现的早期。那么当你感到热时，你的体内究竟发生了什么呢？麦克斯·G·利维（Max G. Levy）带我们一起探索。

In 1968, the American Heart Association made an announcement that would influence people’s diets for decades: they recommended that people avoid eating more than three eggs a week. Their reasoning was that the cholesterol packed into egg yolks could increase cardiovascular disease risk. So, what exactly is cholesterol? And is it actually bad for you? Hei Man Chan digs into this complex molecule. [Directed by Igor Ćorić, Artrake Studio, narrated by Addison Anderson, music by Cem Misirlioglu]. 芬兰桑拿、罗马浴场、日本温泉、美国土著汗蒸房只是全球各地文化长期以来认为暴露于极端温度有益健康的几个例子。但如今，科学家仍处于揭示这种情况如何出现、为何出现的早期。那么当你感到热时，你的体内究竟发生了什么呢？麦克斯·G·利维（Max G. Levy）带我们一起探索。

When reading "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland," most readers visualize the queen’s croquet game play out in their heads. A few might see the scene in vivid detail. However, a small fraction of readers have a drastically different experience: within their heads, they "see" absolutely nothing. Why do some people have an inability to visualize images? Adam Zeman explores the science of aphantasia. [Directed by Biljana Labović, narrated by Alexandra Panzer, music by Cem Misirlioglu, WORKPLAYWORK].当阅读《爱丽丝梦游仙境》时，大多数读者都会在脑海中想象女王的槌球游戏。少数人可能会看到现场的生动细节。然而，一小部分读者却有截然不同的体验：在他们的头脑中，他们“看不到”任何东西。为什么有些人无法想象图像？亚当·泽曼探索幻觉的科学。

In ancient Greece, the best-known remedy for a long-standing headache was to drill a small hole in the skull to drain supposedly infected blood. Fortunately, doctors today don't resort to power tools to cure headaches, but we still have a lot to learn about this ancient ailment. Dan Kwartler shares what we know (and don't know) about headaches. [Directed by Sharon Colman, narrated by Addison Anderson, music by Miguel d'Oliveira].在古希腊，治疗长期头痛的最著名的疗法是在头骨钻一个小洞，让感染的血液流出。幸运的是，如今的医生不再诉诸于强力工具来治疗头痛，但对于这种古老的病症，我们需要了解的还有很多。丹·柯沃特（Dan Kwartler）与我们分享了对于头痛的已知和未知。 

Reflecting on moments that shaped his life, actor Ethan Hawke examines how courageous expression promotes healing and connection with one another -- and invites you to discover your own unabashed creativity. "There is no path till you walk it," he says.通过追忆塑造自己生活的各个时刻，演员伊森·霍克（Ethan Hawke）告诉了我们要如何以勇敢的表达去愈合彼此间的联系，并邀请你发现你自己潜能无限的创造力。他说："你需要迈开步伐，才会走出一条路。"伊森·霍克是一位四次获得奥斯卡提名的演员、编剧和导演，他的职业生涯跨越三十年。他多产的电影作品包括《死亡诗社》;现实的冲击;《千钧一发》;《训练日》（奥斯卡和演员工会奖提名）;《魔鬼知道你已经死了》;《少年时代》（奥斯卡、金球奖、演员工会奖和英国电影学院奖提名）;《天生蓝调》;莫迪;理查德·林克莱特的三部曲《日出之前》、《日落之前》和《午夜之前》，他凭借后者获得了两次奥斯卡奖联合编剧提名;以及2018年的《First Reformed》，他凭借该片获得了独立精神奖、纽约影评人协会、洛杉矶影评人协会和哥谭奖的最佳男演员奖。2014年，霍克以纪录片《西摩：入门》首次执导纪录片，该片基于传奇钢琴家兼钢琴教师西摩·伯恩斯坦。他最近执导、联合编写并制作了音乐传记片《烈焰》，灵感来源于布雷兹·福利的生平，该片于2018年由IFC Films发行。霍克还是一位获得托尼奖提名的舞台演员，曾五次登上百老汇，包括备受好评的山姆·谢泼德《真西部》复排;汤姆·斯托帕德的《乌托邦海岸》;《麦克白》中的主角;亨利四世;以及《海鸥》。他曾在巴尔德艺术博物馆（BAM）的外百老汇及地区剧院出演《樱桃园》和《冬天的故事》，以及在斯特彭沃尔夫剧院出演《埋葬的孩子》等多部作品。霍克将首次亮相电视荧屏，出演Showtime八集系列剧《善哉主鸟》，该剧改编自詹姆斯·麦克布赖德的国家图书奖获奖小说，他本人还担任编剧和执行制片人。在银幕上，他接下来将在是枝裕和执导、凯瑟琳·德纳芙和朱丽叶·比诺什主演的《真相》中亮相，该片由IFC发行。除了演艺事业，霍克还出版了多部小说，包括《灰烬星期三》、《最热的州》、图像小说《印德：阿帕奇战争的故事》以及青少年小说《骑士的规则》，更多作品即将问世。

How did Misty Copeland break barriers and become one of the world's most famous ballerinas? In this powerful talk, she charts her rise from childhood adversity to history-making dancer at the prestigious American Ballet Theatre — and gives a peek at what she plans to do next.米斯蒂·科普兰（Misty Copeland）是如何突破重重限制，成为世界上最具影响力的芭蕾舞者之一？在这场充满力量的演讲中，她回顾了自己从动荡的童年出发，走进享有盛誉的美国芭蕾舞剧院，书写历史的成长历程，并分享了她对未来的愿景。

From the Chinese Loong to the Filipino Bakunawa, the Scottish Beithir and the Greek Hydra, dragons have inflamed imaginations for millennia. Their ubiquity across world mythology has led many scholars to ponder their possible origins. Could it be that tales of dragons were crafted to make sense of violent weather events? Timothy J. Burbery shares what geomythology has uncovered about dragons. [Directed by Sailesh Gopalan, Lanlan Studios, narrated by Alexandra Panzer, music by André Aires].从中国的“龙”到菲律宾的“巴库纳瓦”，从苏格兰的“贝蒂尔”到希腊的“九头蛇”，数千年来，龙一直激发着人们的想象力。它们在世界神话中无处不在，引得许多学者探寻其可能的起源。龙的故事是那时的人们为了解释暴风雨或龙卷风等恶劣天气而创作的吗？蒂莫西 · J · 伯伯里（Timothy J. Burbery）分享了地质神话学有关龙的发现。 

Everyone needs time to themselves, and peaceful solitude has stress-relieving benefits. But when being alone is forced upon you, the effects can be surprisingly extensive. And though different people experience distinct effects, symptoms tend to become more severe and persistent the longer one’s isolated. So, how exactly does isolation affect your body and brain? Terry Kupers investigates. [Directed by Camille Bovey, narrated by Addison Anderson, music by Stephen LaRosa].每个人都需要独处的时光，平和的独处也能帮人缓解压力。可一旦独处成为强加的境遇，其带来的影响会严重到超乎想象。尽管不同人感受到的影响各有不同，但独处的时间越长，产生的种种不适症状往往会越严重、越顽固。那么，独处究竟会对人的身体和大脑造成怎样的影响？特里・库珀斯（Terry Kupers）为你深入剖析。

Dyslexia affects up to 1 in 5 people, but the experience of dyslexia isn't always the same. This difficulty in processing language exists along a spectrum -- one that doesn't necessarily fit with labels like "normal" and "defective." Kelli Sandman-Hurley urges us to think again about dyslexic brain function and to celebrate the neurodiversity of the human brain. [Directed by Marc Christoforidis, narrated by Addison Anderson].阅读障碍影响着高达五分之一的人，但阅读障碍的经历不一定都一样。处理语言的困难在一定范围内存在 —— 不一定适合贴上像“正常”和“不正常”的标签。教育家凯莉·桑德曼-赫利（Kelli Sandman-Hurley） 敦促我们重新认识有阅读障碍的大脑功能，赞美人脑的神经多样化。 

Is there more than one universe? In this visually rich, action-packed talk, Brian Greene shows how the unanswered questions of physics (starting with a big one: What caused the Big Bang?) have led to the theory that our own universe is just one of many in the "multiverse."现代宇宙学的核心是一个谜：为什么我们的宇宙如此精美协调地创造出适合生命的必需条件呢？在一些科学新发现的这个绝技之旅，布莱恩·格林恩（Brian Greene）展示了令人难以置信的多元宇宙的想法可能持有这个谜团的答案。格林恩是哥伦比亚大学物理和数学教授，专注于统一理论已有25年以上，并撰写了多本畅销及非技术类书籍，包括普利策奖决选作品《优雅的宇宙》和《宇宙的织物》——这些作品均被改编成NOVA迷你系列。他最新的著作《隐藏的现实》探讨了宇宙并非唯一的宇宙的可能性。格林恩认为科学必须以新颖且引人入胜的方式呈现给大众，比如他的现场舞台奇观《提姆边缘的伊卡洛斯》，由菲利普·格拉斯创作原创管弦乐配乐，以及他于2008年与记者特雷西·戴共同创办的年度世界科学节。

�请注意：本篇演讲的双语对照文本的中文部分经过修改，与官方文本略有不同；双语字幕仍保持与官方字幕一致。 When under anesthesia, you can't move, form memories, or — hopefully — feel pain. And while it might just seem like you are asleep for that time, you actually aren't. What's going on? Steven Zheng explains what we know about the science behind anesthesia. [Directed by Zedem Media, narrated by Addison Anderson].在麻醉药的作用下，你身体不能移动，不能形成记忆。幸亏麻醉，你也感觉不到疼痛。在麻醉后，你看起来像是睡着了，实际上却不是。到底发生了什么呢？Steven Zheng给我们解释了麻醉背后的科学。

As AI races into classrooms, we risk confusing quick and easy answers with true learning, says AI education entrepreneur Priya Lakhani. She explains why being challenged is essential for making knowledge stick — and how AI can be designed to strengthen (not weaken) learning, teaching and thinking.当 AI 迅速出现在教学情境，我们很容易把「快速又省力的答案」误当成真正的学习。AI 教育创业者普莉亚・拉卡尼（Priya Lakhani）指出，适度的挑战是让知识真正内化的关键，并进一步说明 AI 工具应该如何设计，才能强化——而不是削弱——学习、教学与思考能力。

Sleep positions go by countless creative names— the zombie, mountain climber, free faller, soldier, and more. Yet sleep experts typically simplify them into the basic types: side, stomach, or back. Individual sleep styles are highly personal, but how we spend the night affects our bodies and health in several ways. So, what’s the best position to sleep in? Rachel Marie E. Salas investigates. [Directed by Sofia Pashaei, narrated by Susan Zimmerman, music by Salil Bhayani, cAMP Studio].睡姿有各式各样创意十足的名称——丧尸式、登山者式、自由落体式，和士兵式等等。但睡眠专家通常会把睡姿简单归为四种基本类型：左侧睡、右侧睡、趴睡、仰睡。每个人的睡姿风格都是非常个人化的，但我们晚上睡觉的方式对我们的身体会有数种影响。所以，最佳睡姿是哪一种？瑞秋‧玛莉‧E‧萨拉斯（Rachel Marie E. Salas）要来讨论这个问题。