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Since the 1960s five public media and arts organisations have been key players in the emergence of a uniquely Australian national identity. They are the ABC, Australia’s multicultural broadcaster SBS, the renowned performing arts school NIDA, AFTRS, the world-leading film, television and radio school, and Australia’s media regulator, the Australian Communications and Media Authority, ACMA. The collective impact of these institutions as builders of culture for Australia is a largely untold though important story. Malcolm Long tells the tale having been a leader in each of them and he explores their uncertain future in today’s era of global digital media.

Frog ID is an initiative of The Australian Museum in Sydney where anyone, anywhere in Australia can record frog calls using a phone app. The frog is then properly identified and positioned. Over time, the data shows how frogs are responding to changes in their environment and assists conservation efforts.

A record kept by scientists at the UK’s Natural History Museum about a century ago, shows penguin behaviour so extreme that it was left unpublished. It was written in Greek so fewer English-speaking people would understand it. George Murray Levick’s report described homosexual acts, sexual abuse of chicks and attempts by male penguins to mate with dead females. Could those ‘formally dressed’ Antarctic birds we love so much really be out of control? Present day science has other answers.

Professor Jim Falk of Melbourne looks at crumbling connections where there used to be unity. His concern is that issues being treated separately such as immigration, food supplies and climate, could affect each other adversely if not thought of as a whole, thus leading to even more chaos. The answer is scientific systems analysis. Jim Falk argues the case.

Atomic particles are extraordinary enough, winding left or right, spinning this way or that, entangling with each other though worlds apart. But now there’s more. Professor of Physics at Oxford University, Stephen Blundell tells us that particles are spinning in ways never noticed before. His team is analysing them to find new combinations – a new kind of chemistry! This could mean an entirely different way to make materials.

66 years ago, three researchers published a paper in the Journal Science titled Doomsday: Friday, 13 November, A.D. 2026. In it, they predicted the end of the world, but a few assumptions they made make the event unlikely. Jonathan Webb unravels this prediction with our myth-busting science reporter, Ellen Phiddian, explaining why we shouldn't worry… hopefully. You can binge more episodes of the Lab Notes podcast with science editor and presenter Jonathan Webb on the ABC Listen app (Australia). You'll find episodes on animal behaviour, human health, space exploration and so much more. Get in touch with us: [email protected] Featuring: Ellen Phiddian, science reporterFurther information: This episode of Lab Notes was produced on the lands of the Gadigal, Ngunnawal and Ngambri people.

We don't know a lot about deep-sea eels, so when 2.8 million of them are found in the same place every year, scientists (and science reporters) get excited. Why are they there? Where are they coming from, and why should we care about these creatures from the depths? Jonathan Webb dives into this world of eels off the coast of Tasmania with environment reporter Peter de Kruijff. You can binge more episodes of the Lab Notes podcast with science editor and presenter Jonathan Webb on the ABC Listen app (Australia). You'll find episodes on animal behaviour, human health, space exploration and so much more. Get in touch with us: [email protected] Featuring: Peter de Kruijff, environment reporterFurther information: Australia's giant spawning eel ball estimated to contain 2.8 million eelsThis episode of Lab Notes was produced on the lands of the Gadigal, Ngunnawal and Ngambri people.

The rise of eugenics troubles Professor of Psychology, Rebecca Sear, at Brunel University in London. Very powerful, influential, wealthy people are on board with eugenics. It is OK to use gene technology to alleviate maladies, she suggests, but trying to implant the ”gene-for-Harvard” or remove spurious “inferiority” from communities, she avers, is simply the re-emergence of racism.

Chloroplasts in plant cells and mitochondria in animal cells were once free-living organisms. Now they are organelles fully incorporated in animal and plant cells. So how did this merging take place and how was outside DNA accepted and come to play a vital role in the operation of plant and animal cells? Yan Wong and Alexandra Martin-Geary presented some of these fascinating ideas and the big questions in genetics at this year’s British Science Festival in Southampton.

Southampton’s population is 260,000. When 5 cruise ships dock, some carrying 10,000 people, the city’s power demands can be almost 15-20% higher. Then there’s the impact on air quality. Nat Easton is measuring fine particles such as vanadium and arsenic and studying their effects on people’s health. She says local governments in the UK need more power and support to deliver cleaner air to local populations.

Population data is vital as countries allocate resources. But it is costly to collect and data can quickly become out of date. Andy Tatem is using new sources of data from mobile phones and satellites to produce more accurate population data.

Oceans were the focus at the opening of this year’s British Science Festival in Southampton UK. Professor of Maritime Archaeology Helen Farr describes the first example of long-distance voyaging by Australian Aborigines as they sailed to Australia. While the first evidence of human occupation in Australia is dated at 65,000 years at the Madjedbebe cave east of Darwin, the site is inland and so earlier sites are likely awaiting discovery closer to the coast.

Across south-eastern Australia, bogong moths seem to be everywhere. A few years ago, it was a different picture: scientists witnessed a population crash, and habitat threats put the species on the IUCN Red List. Are we seeing a bogong bounce-back?   Jonathan Webb speaks to Dr Kate Umbers about these incredible critters, the many unsolved mysteries of their lives — and what their future could look like. You can binge more episodes of the Lab Notes podcast with science editor and presenter Jonathan Webb on the ABC Listen app (Australia). You'll find episodes on animal behaviour, human health, space exploration and so much more. Get in touch with us: [email protected] Featuring: Associate Professor Kate Umbers, Western Sydney UniversityFurther information: iNaturalist Bogong watchBogong watch project This episode of Lab Notes was produced on the lands of the Gadigal, Ngunnawal and Ngambri people.

Theme parks and museums draw big crowds for dinosaurs. Kids love them. But palaeontologist James Ronan says some displays are based on ideas from the 1970s and present sound effects from movies. He says it is important to present current ideas about palaeontology accurately. So James Ronan is undertaking a worldwide audit of dinosaurs. Science communicator and podcast host Conor O’Keefe is also disturbed by inaccurate dinosaur displays at theme parks and supports the dinosaur edit saying it is long overdue.

Why did reptiles prevail for so long and why did mammals take so long to become dominant predators? Adam Lindholm is looking at body size, availability of prey and environmental conditions to reconsider our understanding of the history of reptiles and mammals.