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Sonnet Daymont, clinical therapist, joins the show this week with a look at the treatment and management of mental health trauma in both victims and responders following a major event. Her experiences following devastating wild fires in the Los Angeles area in January of 2025 help her define the needs of individuals in the short and long term. Dr. Joe Holley from Paragon Medical Education Group and Becky DePodwin, our disaster emergency management expert joined the discussion as well. The episode is co-hosted by Sam Bradley and Jamie Davis. Scroll down for Podcast Discussion Summary Thank you as always to Paragon Medical Education Group for their long-term support of the Disaster Podcast. Dr. Joe Holley and the team at Paragon continue to provide excellent and customized disaster response training to jurisdictions around the U.S. and internationally as well. Podcast Discussion Summary Disaster Podcast Planning Meeting The team introduced themselves and discussed upcoming topics for the Disaster Podcast. Sam mentioned moving to Missouri and plans to build a tornado shelter in his garage. Becky advised keeping an eye on the severe weather forecast during the move. The group then introduced their guest for the episode, trauma expert Sonnet Daymont, who is a licensed marriage and family therapist and consultant on films. They discussed her background and her upcoming book “When Dangerous Feels Like Home,” a true crime memoir about healing from trauma. Sonnet’s Trauma Therapy Memoir Discussion The discussion focused on Sonnet’s background as a licensed marriage and family therapist specializing in trauma treatment. She explained her upcoming book “When Dangerous Feels Like Home,” which is a true crime-inflected memoir about her journey to becoming a therapist through experiencing relational trauma. The conversation also touched on Sonnet’s work in the film industry, including consulting on a horror film about child abuse titled “Women in the Yard.” When asked about red flags for narcissistic personality traits, she began explaining how these traits relate to antisocial personality disorder and the challenges they present in relationships, though the transcript ended before she could complete her answer. Narcissistic Behavior Identification Discussion Sonnet advised that identifying narcissistic behavior involves paying attention to genuine empathy and listening carefully to others. They explained that while some behaviors like love bombing and grandiosity can be normal early in relationships, pathological versions might indicate manipulative or harmful intentions. Sonnet also clarified that mental health disorders like narcissism lack biomarkers and diagnostic criteria change over time, while explaining that Machiavellianism describes manipulative and cunning behavior lacking empathy. Psychological Disorders and Resilience The group discussed psychological disorders, focusing on the differences between psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder as defined in the DSM. Sonnet explained that while these conditions share some traits like low empathy, they represent distinct diagnostic categories, and individuals can exhibit multiple disorders simultaneously. Becky raised questions about nature versus nurture in personality development, to which Sonnet responded that brain scans show differences in people with reduced empathy or antisocial behavior, though the cause could be either genetic or environmental factors. The conversation then shifted to trauma and resilience, with Sonnet sharing insights about how supportive caregivers or mentors can help individuals process trauma constructively rather than developing problematic behaviors. Jamie introduced a new topic about disaster resilience, asking about preparation methods for people living in disaster-prone areas, but the transcript ended before this question was addressed. Disaster Responder Mental Health Strategies The meeting focused on discussing self-care and mental health strategies for disaster responders and survivors. Sonnet explained key components of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), including mindful awareness, thought restructuring, and exposure therapy, as effective tools for managing trauma and anxiety. The discussion highlighted how community support and social connections are crucial during disasters, with examples from recent wildfires in Los Angeles. The group agreed to bring back Sonnet for future discussions on mental health topics, particularly focusing on meteorologists’ experiences with disaster forecasting and its impact on their mental well-being. Wrap up and updates The team went through contact information and the team encouraged listeners to stay safe. The group discussed the role of specialized training, with Jamie highlighting the sponsorship of the Disaster Podcast by Paragon Medical Education Group. Catch the full episode using the player above or on your favorite podcast platform, and don’t forget to subscribe to the Disaster Podcast for weekly insights from leaders in disaster response and research!

The Disaster Podcast hosted Ben Gilliland from Future Proof Property Intelligence to discuss his company’s AI-powered solution for assessing and mitigating climate-related risks to homes. Ben explained how their technology uses smartphone video scans, NVIDIA AI, and IBM climate data to create 3D models of properties, identify risk factors, and provide remediation plans and cost estimates. The discussion covered how their system addresses the mismatch between rising weather risks and shrinking insurance options, with an average cost of $10,000-$40,000 for home remediation. Becky DePodwin joined the call as well to offer her thoughts on this technology. The episode is co-hosted by Sam Bradley and Jamie Davis. Scroll down for Podcast Discussion Summary Thank you as always to Paragon Medical Education Group for their long-term support of the Disaster Podcast. Dr. Joe Holley and the team at Paragon continue to provide excellent and customized disaster response training to jurisdictions around the U.S. and internationally as well. Podcast Discussion Summary Disaster Response Program Evolution The group discussed Joe, a Memphis-based medical director and ER doctor who runs Pentagon Medical Education Group, which provides experiential training for disaster responders using cadaver labs. Benjamin shared that his organization has shifted focus to develop a private sector solution for disaster mitigation after FEMA’s funding changes, working with Thomas Chandler from Columbia on developing remediation programs. Benjamin explained how their program has evolved to include three main areas: remediation, education, and preparedness, moving from a initial focus on house hardening to a broader approach including people engagement and warning systems. Resilience Technology Podcast Preparation The meeting focused on preparing for an upcoming podcast episode about using technology to enhance home and workplace resilience. Benjamin Gilliland from Future Proof Property Intelligence was introduced as the guest. The hosts, Jamie and Sam, discussed the format of the podcast and introduced Becky, a meteorologist and emergency management expert, as a participant. The conversation briefly touched on weather conditions and El Nino before transitioning to prepare for the main discussion about resilience technology. AI-Powered Home Assessment Solution Benjamin shared his extensive background, from his early career in lighting design for rock bands to his involvement in early Silicon Valley computing, where he funded several technology projects including the first spelling checker and multimedia initiatives. He explained how his non-profit TPHA.org, which focuses on affordable and climate-resilient housing in Hawaii, led to the development of Future Proof’s AI-powered solution. The system uses iPhone video recordings to create 3D models of homes, generating repair plans, budgets, and material lists while also identifying available government grants and financing options for home improvements. Disaster Preparedness and Risk Mitigation Benjamin and Sam discussed disaster preparedness and risk mitigation, particularly focusing on a three-silo approach involving home assessments, education, and emergency alerts. Benjamin explained their work with Columbia University, which includes developing a vision system using AI to help homeowners identify safe areas in their homes during disasters, while simultaneously creating video records of their belongings for insurance purposes. They also discussed a comfort bot with patent-pending technology that can adjust its messaging based on the listener’s age and situation during emergency alerts. AI Emergency Warning Conflicts Becky raised concerns about how AI systems might handle competing emergency warnings, such as conflicting advice during Hurricane Ida where tornado and flooding warnings contradicted each other. Benjamin acknowledged this was still an area being developed, mentioning NVIDIA’s work on reasoning components and noting that while the system could potentially handle house-related alerts, direct AI instructions for emergency warnings were still 2-3 years away. The discussion highlighted the need to address how AI systems might triage conflicting alerts based on house mapping and personal information, though current AI trustworthiness for direct emergency instructions was deemed insufficient. Address-Level Risk Assessment System Benjamin explained that their risk assessment system operates at the address level rather than broader grid squares, providing more granular data than what insurance companies currently use. He described how they can identify specific risk factors like trees near homes in Southern California versus central Missouri, where different hazards prevail. The system aims to empower homeowners with property risk information while creating a bridge between homeowners and insurance companies, allowing for better-informed decisions about insurance and potential remediation work. AI-Driven Home Hardening Initiative Benjamin and Jamie discussed the importance of homeowners advocating for themselves with insurance companies regarding home hardening measures. Benjamin shared that they are building a collective expertise, including partnerships with NVIDIA and Lawrence Livermore Labs for AI model validation, and Columbia University for educational content and chatbot development. The team is developing AI tools to help homeowners, contractors, and insurers, with plans to automate forms processing and certification of completed work. Benjamin emphasized the life-saving potential of their technology while ensuring proper guardrails are in place, particularly given the AI’s deep learning capabilities. Magic Window App Discussion Benjamin discussed the Magic Window app, which assesses weather risks and helps homeowners address damage, noting that it started as a non-profit educational tool before becoming a public benefit corporation. He shared that the average cost to remediate a house is estimated at $10,000 to $40,000, with an aggressive federal program potentially saving 80% of at-risk homes over 20 years. Benjamin and Becky highlighted the app’s potential benefits, particularly in preventing wildfire damage through defensible space creation, while acknowledging challenges in addressing natural hazards like sea level rise. Climate Change Risk Assessment App Benjamin discussed the implications of climate change using his FutureProof app, which analyzes risks for specific locations. He highlighted that Riverside, California, and an area near Dallas are expected to face the worst conditions in the U.S. by 2075-2100. The app, available through the Apple Store and Google Play Store, provides detailed risk assessments and reports for $24, helping individuals understand their vulnerability to seven major disasters. Benjamin encouraged listeners to spread awareness about the issue and visit futureproof.org for more information. Wrap up and updates The team went through contact information and the team encouraged listeners to stay safe. The group discussed the role of specialized training, with Jamie highlighting the sponsorship of the Disaster Podcast by Paragon Medical Education Group. Catch the full episode using the player above or on your favorite podcast platform, and don’t forget to subscribe to the Disaster Podcast for weekly insights from leaders in disaster response and research!

Dr. Joe Holley in USAR training The Disaster Podcast’s Dr. Joe Holley has been busy over the last month and a half traveling to conferences and training scenarios. In this episode, we talk with Joe about his recent travels to get his take aways from these events and what he sees in the near future for disaster responders. Also on the show were disaster emergency management expert Becky DePodwin and our disaster meteorologist Dan DePodwin. The episode is co-hosted by Sam Bradley and Jamie Davis. Scroll down for Podcast Discussion Summary Thank you as always to Paragon Medical Education Group for their long-term support of the Disaster Podcast. Dr. Joe Holley and the team at Paragon continue to provide excellent and customized disaster response training to jurisdictions around the U.S. and internationally as well. Podcast Discussion Summary US Severe Weather Discussion The group discussed recent severe weather events across the United States, including tornadoes, snowstorms, and a heat wave in the West. Becky explained that March is typically an active weather month due to jet stream patterns, and current conditions are being influenced by an amplified jet stream rather than El Nino or La Nina patterns. The discussion covered impacts including power outages, road closures, and challenges for emergency services in affected regions. The group noted that while weather conditions have been extreme, the forecast for the coming week appears calmer with no severe weather expected. EMS Developments and Education Updates Joe discussed his recent activities in EMS, including attending the National Association of EMS Physicians meeting in Florida and teaching a medical specialist class for urban search and rescue. He highlighted new developments in EMS, such as blood administration programs, changes in DEA regulations, and technological advancements in airways and patient monitoring. Joe also mentioned his work with Paragon Medical Education Group and the Commission on Accreditation of Prehospital Continuing Education (CAPSE), emphasizing the importance of quality continuing education for EMS providers. The group discussed potential future collaborations, including a planned episode featuring James Corbin to discuss experiential training. Wrap up and updates The team went through contact information and the team encouraged listeners to stay safe. The group discussed the role of specialized training, with Jamie highlighting the sponsorship of the Disaster Podcast by Paragon Medical Education Group. Catch the full episode using the player above or on your favorite podcast platform, and don’t forget to subscribe to the Disaster Podcast for weekly insights from leaders in disaster response and research!

The Winter X-Games are back! Disaster Podcast OG meteorologist, Kyle Nelson, comes on the show to discuss his work with the 2026 Winter X-Games in his capacity as a leader in the Pitkin County, Colorado Incident Management Team (IMT). The IMT helps to prepare for and run emergency services response to the X-Games. Kyle discusses the various roles he’s assumed over the years for this special event in Aspen, Colorado. The team explores how the event prepares for managing emergency events and treating injuries for both athletes and attendees. The episode is co-hosted by Sam Bradley and Jamie Davis. Scroll down for Podcast Discussion Summary Thank you as always to Paragon Medical Education Group for their long-term support of the Disaster Podcast. Dr. Joe Holley and the team at Paragon continue to provide excellent and customized disaster response training to jurisdictions around the U.S. and internationally as well. Podcast Discussion Summary Snow Impact and Emergency Roles Jamie Davis, Sam Bradley, and Kyle Nelson discussed the impact of recent weather events, particularly heavy snowfall across the East Coast and Colorado. Kyle provided an overview of his roles, including ski patroller, avalanche dog handler, manager of Pitkin County Telecommunications, and Emergency Support Function 2 communications lead. He also shared his background in meteorology and experience as a 911 dispatcher, highlighting his work with state incident management teams and his role as a contract instructor for Argonne National Labs and FEMA’s training centers. Kyle’s Projects and Weather Update Sam and Jamie discussed Kyle’s involvement in various projects, highlighting his contributions to the team. Kyle provided a weather update, predicting warm temperatures in the desert southwest and a return of winter in the east. He also explained the significance of the Winter X Games in Aspen, Colorado, as an Olympic qualifying event and a platform for pushing the boundaries of winter sports. Olympic Qualifying and Incident Management Sam and Kyle discussed the Olympic qualifying system, where athletes can make or break their Olympic bid by achieving high scores and podium spots. Kyle explained his role in the Incident Management Team (IMT), which provides structure and coordination for local responders during incidents, whether planned or emerging. The IMT’s mission is to support local entities and coordinate resources, ensuring effective management of events. X Games Incident Management Evolution Kyle has been involved with the X Games in Aspen for over 10 years, starting as a ski patrol member and later becoming the Winter X Games lead for Aspen Skiing Company. He helped reshape the athlete medical component and worked with Dr. Joel Buzzi to enhance safety. Kyle transitioned to a 911 dispatcher role, managing event schedules and staff, before joining the Incident Management Team as a Type 3 team member. He initially worked in the planning section, was qualified as a Type III plan section chief, and this year took on the Communications Unit Leader role, combining his experiences in dispatching and telecommunications. X Games Emergency Communication Strategies Jamie and Kyle discussed emergency preparedness and communication strategies for events like the X Games. Kyle explained that their team manages venue safety, coordinates with X Games and local authorities, and prepares for various emergencies, including athlete injuries. They emphasized the importance of pre-planned messaging to quickly and effectively communicate with media and the public in case of incidents. Jamie inquired about how such situations are handled at X Games events, particularly regarding the evacuation of injured athletes. X Games Medical Response Team Kyle explained the multi-faceted athlete medical team at the X Games, coordinated by Dr. Buzzy, which includes ski patrol from Aspen Skiing Company, the Aspen Ambulance District, and Medicine in Motion. He described how they handle athlete injuries, from minor incidents to major emergencies, ensuring the closest provider assesses and reports the injury while calling for additional resources if needed. The medical team works to provide the best care for athletes, with dispositions ranging from self-care to medical tents or ambulance transport, and noted that helicopter evacuations are not typically necessary due to the venue’s low elevation and efficient toboggan evacuation methods. Overcoming Language Barriers in Sports Jamie asked about challenges with translation and language barriers for international athletes and their support teams. Kyle explained that they have systems in place to address these issues, including allowing coaches or parents to assist with communication, using translation apps, and having a dedicated medical team. They emphasized their ability to adapt and solve problems as they arise, ensuring all athletes receive the necessary care and support. X Games Planning and Operations Kyle discussed the planning process for X Games, explaining that it starts with a hot wash after the event to capture learning points. He described the scale of the event, comparing it to building a small city for a one-week TV show. Kyle also mentioned his recent promotion to managing people instead of projects, and expressed appreciation for his predecessor’s work. Wrap up and updates The team went through contact information and the team encouraged listeners to stay safe. The group discussed the role of specialized training, with Jamie highlighting the sponsorship of the Disaster Podcast by Paragon Medical Education Group. Catch the full episode using the player above or on your favorite podcast platform, and don’t forget to subscribe to the Disaster Podcast for weekly insights from leaders in disaster response and research!

This week on the Disaster Podcast we chat with Seamus Leary ,MPA, CEM about leading through catastrophe: when systems fail. He is President of Meridian Strategic Services, Inc. and is an emergency management expert who worked at the state and local levels and later with FEMA at the Federal level. With responses to numerous major disasters, Seamus brings a unique perspective to how emergency managers can cope when all the usual systems break down. The episode is co-hosted by Sam Bradley and Jamie Davis. Scroll down for Podcast Discussion Summary Thank you as always to Paragon Medical Education Group for their long-term support of the Disaster Podcast. Dr. Joe Holley and the team at Paragon continue to provide excellent and customized disaster response training to jurisdictions around the U.S. and internationally as well. Podcast Discussion Summary FEMA’s Disaster Response Methods Seamus Leary, president of Meridian Strategic Services, discussed his experience in emergency management, including his role as a federal coordinating officer for FEMA Region 2 and his work as a county emergency manager. He explained FEMA’s disaster classification system, highlighting that catastrophic disasters, or Level 1 events, require national-level responses involving resources from across the country. Seamus shared insights from his deployment to St. Thomas ahead of Hurricanes Irma and Maria, emphasizing the collaborative efforts required to address such catastrophic events. Enhancing Disaster Response Strategies The discussion focused on disaster response challenges, with Seamus sharing his experience in St. Thomas after a storm where they faced significant communication and infrastructure failures. They discussed how multiple issues can cascade, making it difficult to manage complex disasters, and emphasized the importance of having both digital and traditional emergency management tools to handle various scenarios. Jamie contributed by mentioning their county’s use of both digital screens and physical maps for nuclear incident planning, highlighting the value of having multiple systems in place. Blending Digital and Traditional Communication The group discussed the importance of combining digital media skills with traditional communication methods, emphasizing the value of explaining the “why” to younger team members who excel in digital but may lack traditional skills. Seamus shared his experience as an emergency manager during Hurricane Irene, highlighting the need for rest and backup plans for teams working around the clock, and Jamie referenced Joe’s practice of maintaining a notebook of contacts during responses to quickly access needed resources. Emergency Response Coordination Strategies Seamus emphasized the importance of building relationships with local emergency responders and understanding cultural differences when working in unfamiliar communities. He and Sam discussed the need for contingency plans when communication systems fail, such as having backup power and redundant communication channels. Seamus also highlighted the challenge of managing disasters while dealing with personal emergencies and suggested leveraging non-traditional resources and coordinating with neighboring jurisdictions to overcome resource shortages. Emergency Management and Community Resilience The meeting focused on emergency management and disaster response strategies. Seamus, an experienced emergency manager, discussed the importance of training organizations to be adaptable and flexible during crises, emphasizing the need to prepare for when systems fail rather than when they work. He highlighted the importance of partnerships with non-traditional organizations like churches and hardware stores, as well as the role of community leaders in fostering relationships with local businesses. Wrap up and updates The team went through contact information and the team encouraged listeners to stay safe. The group discussed the role of specialized training, with Jamie highlighting the sponsorship of the Disaster Podcast by Paragon Medical Education Group. Catch the full episode using the player above or on your favorite podcast platform, and don’t forget to subscribe to the Disaster Podcast for weekly insights from leaders in disaster response and research!

Helen Hynson Vettori (https://www.helenhynsonvettori.com/) is a former EMT/paramedic and retired senior medical intelligence analyst at the Department of Homeland Security. We have her on the show to share her insights and the two sci-fi thriller novels she wrote based on her experiences. Helen channeled her real-world emergency response and pandemic-planning experience into her sci-fi disaster thriller series, beginning with Black Swan Impact and followed by Black Swan Shock. A “Black Swan” event is a term used to describe a catastrophic incident that no one could have foreseen or imagined because of its unprecedented impact. Helen didn’t imagine crisis from the outside, rather she spent years preparing for biological threats, including pandemics, and then watched COVID unfold in real time. That insider perspective and her frustration with confusing messaging and federal missteps became the fuel for fiction that feels uncomfortably plausible. Dr. Joe Holley from Paragon Medical Education Group joined the podcast as well as our disaster emergency management expert Becky DePodwin and our disaster weather expert Dan DePodwin. The episode is co-hosted by Sam Bradley and Jamie Davis. Scroll down for Podcast Discussion Summary Thank you as always to Paragon Medical Education Group for their long-term support of the Disaster Podcast. Dr. Joe Holley and the team at Paragon continue to provide excellent and customized disaster response training to jurisdictions around the U.S. and internationally as well. Podcast Discussion Summary Winter Storm Impact and Preparations The meeting focused on a major winter storm expected to impact large parts of the United States, with Dan providing detailed forecasts of snow, ice, and travel disruptions across multiple regions. The group discussed the storm’s potential effects on various cities, including Oklahoma City, Atlanta, and the Northeast, emphasizing the danger of ice accumulation and power outages. They also advised listeners to consider rescheduling flights and prepare for travel disruptions, particularly in the affected areas. The conversation ended with an introduction to their guest, Helen Hinson Vittori, a former EMT and intelligence analyst at the Department of Homeland Security, who will discuss her experiences during the pandemic. Emergency Response Expert’s Pandemic Novel Helen shared her extensive background in emergency response, including her work as a paramedic, her role in biothreat planning at DHS, and her experience creating pandemic response plans. She retired in 2018 but became concerned about the government’s response to COVID-19 in 2020, which led her to write a sci-fi political thriller novel called “Black Swan Impact” that explores a catastrophic pathogen event in the year 2113. The novel served as a cathartic way for her to process the chaotic response to the pandemic she had witnessed firsthand. Emergency Preparedness Through Personal Writing Helen shared her experience as an emergency manager and author, discussing how writing provided her with both peace and a mission to educate others about emergency preparedness. She emphasized that individual preparedness is crucial for both personal and community-level disasters, and highlighted a book club question in her second book, “Black Swan Shock,” that encourages readers to assess their own emergency preparedness. Federal Pandemic Planning and Leadership Helen shared her experience working on federal pandemic plans and witnessing their partial abandonment during the actual crisis, expressing disappointment in leadership’s failure to communicate effectively and adhere to established protocols. The discussion explored how better preparation and public education could improve future responses to pandemics and other disasters, with Helen emphasizing the importance of all-hazard planning that starts at the individual level. The group agreed to have Helen return for another podcast episode, and several connections were made between participants for future discussions. Wrap up and updates The team went through contact information and Joe shared that Paragon is working on a new cadaveric-based simulator for pericardial tamponade training. The team encouraged listeners to stay safe and check out Helen’s books. The group discussed the role of specialized training, with Jamie highlighting the sponsorship of the Disaster Podcast by Paragon Medical Education Group. Catch the full episode using the player above or on your favorite podcast platform, and don’t forget to subscribe to the Disaster Podcast for weekly insights from leaders in disaster response and research!

We delve into the recent surge of Influenza cases across large swaths of the United States in recent weeks. This year is shaping up to be a particularly difficult year for health care facilities and the patients who need them for treatment. Dr. Joe Holley joins us today to discuss what he’s seeing in the Memphis, Tennessee area and what the national flu outlook is. The most common Influenza A strain right now is causing a surge in ER visits and hospital admissions across the U.S. right now. The dominant Influenza A strain for the 2025-2026 flu season is the A(H3N2) subclade K, a variant with notable mutations. The annual vaccine is moderately effective at preventing severe illness and hospitalization and the subclade K variant responds well to antivirals such as Tamiflu. The episode was co-hosted by Sam Bradley and Jamie Davis. Scroll down for Podcast Discussion Summary Thank you as always to Paragon Medical Education Group for their long-term support of the Disaster Podcast. Dr. Joe Holley and the team at Paragon continue to provide excellent and customized disaster response training to jurisdictions around the U.S. and internationally as well. Podcast Discussion Summary Flu Trends and Vaccination Impact Joe and Jamie discussed the recent surge in flu cases, particularly affecting unvaccinated individuals and those with underlying health conditions. Jamie shared his experience of being admitted to the ER with influenza A and noted that vaccinated individuals were more likely to be discharged. Joe confirmed that national trends showed higher hospitalization rates and deaths among the unvaccinated, elderly, and those with other medical issues. Flu Awareness for Healthcare Jamie shared his severe flu experience, which included a high fever, chills, and muscle cramps, leading him to seek emergency care. He emphasized the importance of flu awareness for healthcare professionals, noting the recent increase in flu-related deaths and pediatric deaths reported by the CDC. Healthcare Virus Transmission Prevention Jamie and Joe discussed protective measures for healthcare providers against virus transmission, emphasizing hand hygiene, respiratory protection, and avoiding confined spaces with sick individuals. Joe highlighted the risk of virus spread in confined environments like airplanes, while Jamie shared personal experiences and encouraged listeners to take transmission prevention seriously, noting its impact on their community. Post-COVID Brain Fog Symptoms Jamie described experiencing “brain fog” after recovering from COVID-19, which made mental tasks difficult and required significant mental effort. Joe explained that this could be due to increased inflammatory markers and the body’s energy expenditure in fighting the infection. Sam noted that their household member who had not been vaccinated experienced different symptoms, and both Sam and their household member took about two weeks to regain their energy levels. Influenza Symptoms and Management Joe explained that vaccination can reduce the severity of symptoms, and both Jamie and Sam experienced typical symptoms of influenza A, with Jamie noting the importance of IV fluids in managing his symptoms. Sam described severe gastrointestinal symptoms, while Jamie mentioned being prescribed Zofran despite not experiencing nausea. Joe elaborated on how dehydration and inflammatory mediators contribute to symptoms, and rehydration can help alleviate them. Winter Virus and Flu Updates Jamie shared his experience of being delayed for release from the hospital due to low blood pressure, which was unusual for him. The medical team tried various methods to increase his blood pressure, including making him angry and having him walk around. Joe explained that while having the flu is unpleasant, it leads to the development of protective antibodies. Sam noted that the flu often overshadows other winter viruses, and Joe confirmed they are still seeing a variety of other respiratory infections. Early Flu Treatment and Testing Joe and Sam discussed the importance of seeking medical attention and testing for flu symptoms, with Joe recommending early treatment with antiviral drugs like Tamiflu, which are most effective within the first 48 hours of symptoms. Sam acknowledged that healthcare professionals might be reluctant to visit doctors when they need to, possibly due to a false sense of invincibility. Jamie emphasized the significance of early testing and treatment for flu, aligning with Joe’s advice. Influenza Testing and Treatment Discussion The group discussed influenza prevention and treatment, with Joe emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and medication, particularly given the availability of over-the-counter rapid flu tests. Jamie noted that the COVID-19 pandemic had increased access to home testing, which Sam and Joe hadn’t previously considered. They agreed that while many people might choose to tough it out, getting tested early could be beneficial. Flu Prevention and Training Updates The team discussed the flu, including its incubation period and how it spreads. Joe explained that people are most infectious when symptoms start, as their viral load is high. Jamie mentioned that the team had been affected by the flu in various ways. Joe also shared that Paragon is working on a new cadaveric-based simulator for pericardial tamponade training. The team encouraged listeners to stay safe and follow guidelines to prevent the spread of the flu. The group discussed the role of specialized training, with Jamie highlighting the sponsorship of the Disaster Podcast by Paragon Medical Education Group. Catch the full episode using the player above or on your favorite podcast platform, and don’t forget to subscribe to the Disaster Podcast for weekly insights from leaders in disaster response and research!

We gather our podcast regulars for a look at the past year on the show with our 2025 Disaster Podcast year in review. Dr. Joe Holley joined co-hosts Sam Bradley and Jamie Davis for this episode. Kyle Nelson, Becky DePodwin, and Dan DePodwin sent in their top episode picks by email. Joe Holley kicks off the look back at last year with a vote for the clinical topics, especially the recent 5-episode run on head-up CPR during sudden cardiac arrest. We assembled a special page for the head up CPR topic with all 5 episodes listed. Joe also discussed the importance of understanding how research works and not to get caught up in a single social media post on a novel subject without really understanding the context amidst other research. His final choice was the look at K9 and USAR dog training with Kimberly Holley. Kimberly has extensive training alongside her two trained USAR dogs and the third dog she has in training. Kyle talked about the episode with the Combat Midwife, Jessica Arno. This was an in-depth look at maternal and pediatric disaster care. In addition, Stump Dan the weatherman was another favorite episode as host Sam Bradley used the internet to come up with some novel weather terms and try to stump our own Dan DePodwin. These episodes are an annual favorite as Dan has an amazing understanding of weather, especially winter weather. Investigating airline disasters with Edward Colson of Ready Northwest was one of Becky DePodwin’s favorites as we delved into aviation industry disaster planning. She also put in her vote for the Stump the weatherman episode linked above. Jamie added the annual look at the Winter X-Games in Aspen. Our own Kyle Nelson worked as Planning Section Chief for the incident management team before and during the event this past year and shared some of the challenges they faced making such an event as safe as possible. We covered many other excellent topics this past year. If you have a different favorite from the ones listed in this episode retrospective, leave your answer in the comments below. Thank you as always to Paragon Medical Education Group for their long-term support of the Disaster Podcast. Dr. Joe Holley and the team at Paragon continue to provide excellent and customized disaster response training to jurisdictions around the U.S. and internationally as well.   Catch the full episode using the player above or on your favorite podcast platform, and don’t forget to subscribe to the Disaster Podcast for weekly insights from leaders in disaster response and research!

Kurt Bramer from Advanced CPR Solutions comes back for a final look at Head-Up CPR as we pull all the pieces from the earlier four episodes together. Dr. Joe Holley is back to bring in the latest research into the process as well. We will tie all this back to the global health disaster that is sudden cardiac arrest. Recent research from across the emergency medical community has pointed to impressive improvements in both return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) as well as survival to discharge and neurologically intact survival when compared to conventional supine CPR performance. We’ll have links below to some of those studies and papers. Research Bibliography for Head-Up CPR Studies The episode is co-hosted again by our regular hosts, Sam Bradley and Jamie Davis. Elevated CPR Series Episode One Elevated CPR Series Episode Two Elevated CPR Series Episode Three Elevated CPR Series Episode Four CARES Registry for Cardiac Arrest Stats Follow up on more of these segments as we continue to look at the current research trends in future episodes and what is on the horizon for the future. The episode was co-hosted by Sam Bradley and Jamie Davis. Scroll down for Podcast Discussion Summary Thank you as always to Paragon Medical Education Group for their long-term support of the Disaster Podcast. Dr. Joe Holley and the team at Paragon continue to provide excellent and customized disaster response training to jurisdictions around the U.S. and internationally as well. Podcast Discussion Summary Head-Up CPR Research Update Jamie and Sam discussed the upcoming podcast episode, which will focus on wrapping up the last four episodes about head-up CPR and recent research. They mentioned the challenges of implementing new approaches in rural systems with volunteer staff. Sam noted that Dr. Joe and Kurt Bramer have been working on presenting the information in a way that can be applied responsibly. Joe briefly mentioned that SENA teams were activated to assist with floods in Seattle. The main focus of the episode will be on the latest data on head-up CPR, including improved physiology, survival rates, and neurological function, particularly for non-shockable rhythms like asystole. Advantages of Head-Up CPR Studies Sam, Kurt, and Joe discussed the significance of two seminal studies on head-up CPR. The 2016 preclinical animal study showed significant improvement in perfusion when compared to standard CPR, with a synergistic effect when using additional devices like the ITD and suction cup. The 2022 independent registry analysis demonstrated that head-up CPR resulted in a five times greater likelihood of neurologically intact survival compared to conventional CPR, even up to 20 minutes post-cardiac arrest. Joe explained that the bundled care approach for cardiac arrest patients involves multiple components, including appropriate ventilation, high-quality CPR, and post-resuscitation care, all of which contribute to improved outcomes. Bystander CPR System Implementation The discussion focused on the importance of proper implementation of bystander CPR, AEDs, and advanced techniques like impedance threshold devices and suction cup CPR to improve patient outcomes, particularly neurologic ones. Kurt emphasized the need for a system-wide approach, from first responders to hospital care, highlighting successful partnerships like Louisville’s, where continuity of care is prioritized. Jamie inquired about best practices for implementing this system-wide approach, to which Kurt responded with examples from different regions, noting that while ideal partnerships exist, proactive agencies can still achieve good outcomes even with less supportive hospitals. Cardiac Arrest Resuscitation Bundle Implementation The team discussed the importance of addressing multiple aspects of cardiac arrest resuscitation simultaneously, as highlighted by Joe, who emphasized that successful outcomes require implementing all elements of the care bundle equally. Jamie inquired about training approaches, to which Joe responded that effective training involves both initial instruction and ongoing feedback through quality improvement processes, stressing that successful resuscitations require adherence to the entire bundle rather than just some components. Prioritizing Tasks in Resuscitation Joe and Kurt discussed the importance of prioritizing tasks during resuscitation, emphasizing the need to focus on the overall process rather than individual steps. They highlighted the benefits of the Head-Up CPR model, which organizes priorities and reduces chaos during medical emergencies. Kurt explained that this method allows for more efficient and coordinated delivery of therapies, leading to better patient outcomes. Head-Up CPR Survival Benefits The group discussed two significant studies on CPR techniques. Kurt presented findings from a 2023 preclinical study showing that early administration of head-up CPR resulted in a 40% 24-hour survival rate compared to 9% for delayed conventional CPR. Joe highlighted an observational study from 2024 showing that head-up CPR improved survival rates for non-shockable rhythms from 2.8% to 7.6%, representing a nearly 3-fold improvement. Both studies suggested that head-up CPR could significantly enhance survival chances, particularly when administered early. Non-Perfusible Rhythm Blood Flow Method The group discussed a new methodology for perfusing patients with non-perfusible rhythms, which allows for continued blood flow and preserves neurological status. Joe explained that this could open up windows for interventions like ECMO or cardiac catheterization while CPR is underway. Kurt shared anecdotal evidence from agencies that have gained confidence in staying longer during arrests, leading to increased rates of ROSC in non-shockable rhythms. The group also touched on the importance of proper ventilation during CPR, with Joe highlighting the lack of focus on this aspect in many clinical trials. Head-Up CPR Survival Benefits Joe explained the concept of pressure-volume loops in CPR, demonstrating that head-up CPR generates greater blood flow and pressures compared to standard CPR. Kurt presented data from two studies comparing outcomes between CARES and head-up CPR data, showing improved survival rates for head-up CPR patients over one and five-year periods. The research suggests that head-up CPR may lead to better patient outcomes, though these findings were not included in the 2025 American Heart Association guidelines. Cardiac Arrest Economic Impact Discussion The group discussed the economic impact of cardiac arrests, with Kurt noting that the total cost per person in the US is approximately $4,000 annually, highlighting the need for improved resuscitation techniques. Jamie emphasized the importance of community contributions from survivors, while Joe provided recommendations for enhancing CPR quality, including the use of the Lucas 3.1 device with its enhanced lift feature and avoiding overly tight cervical collars during CPR to maintain blood flow. Improving Sudden Cardiac Arrest Response The meeting focused on sudden cardiac arrest, emphasizing its global impact as a leading cause of death. Kurt and Joe discussed the need for first response agencies and emergency managers to explore research and improve care delivery to enhance patient survivability. Joe highlighted the importance of understanding the physiology of cardiac arrest and considering new approaches, as current CPR methods have not changed in 50 years. Jamie suggested applying disaster management strategies to sudden cardiac arrest to improve outcomes. Joe mentioned upcoming procedural cadaver labs and ongoing work on superglottic studies and new airway management tools. Kurt provided contact information for further discussions and was invited to return for future updates on research. Podcast Series Conclusion and Future Plans The group discussed the conclusion of a podcast series on medical topics, with Kurt expressing gratitude for the opportunity to share his message and Jamie inviting him back for future episodes. They agreed to continue the conversation on social media and the Disaster Podcast website, with Kurt planning to draft questions for potential CEU credits. The group the role of specialized training, with Jamie highlighting the sponsorship of the Disaster Podcast by Paragon Medical Education Group. Catch the full episode using the player above or on your favorite podcast platform, and don’t forget to subscribe to the Disaster Podcast for weekly insights from leaders in disaster response and research!

Kurt Bramer from Advanced CPR Solutions returns again this week to continue the series on Head-Up CPR and other promising sudden cardiac arrest treatments. There are three previous episodes in this series. Elevated CPR Series Episode One Elevated CPR Series Episode Two Elevated CPR Series Episode Three Elevated CPR Series Episode Five After the severe weather update from disaster meteorologist Dan DePodwin, the Disaster Podcast team focuses on the science and physiology of Head-Up CPR. They ask why this approach provides for better protection of neurological function during a cardiac arrest. Dr. Joe Holley does an excellent job of describing the specific concepts of pressure gradients in blood flow to and from the heart during CPR in various patient positions. Kurt outlines what he calls the Four Rules of Head-Up CPR that are essential components for successful resuscitation during cardiac arrest treatment. These rules come from Dr. Joanna Moore’s Editorial The Do’s and Don’ts of Head Up CPR: 1) Use of Suction Cup CPR and an ITD 2) A Priming Period is Needed 3) Cannot Lift the Patient Too High 4) You Cannot Lift the Patient Too Quickly CARES Registry for Cardiac Arrest Stats Follow up on more of these segments as we continue to look at the current research trends in future episodes and what is on the horizon for the future. The episode was co-hosted by Sam Bradley and Jamie Davis. Scroll down for Podcast Discussion Summary Thank you as always to Paragon Medical Education Group for their long-term support of the Disaster Podcast. Dr. Joe Holley and the team at Paragon continue to provide excellent and customized disaster response training to jurisdictions around the U.S. and internationally as well. Podcast Discussion Summary Episode Opening segment and Weather update The meeting began with a discussion about travel weather for the country and record cold in many parts of the upper midwest and northeast with Dan DePodwin. The group then transitioned to their main topic, the physiology of CPR, with Dr. Joe Holley focusing our attention on the specific anatomy and process inside the body during CPR. Head-Up CPR Techniques Discussed Kurt and Joe discussed the importance of adhering to the “four rules” of head-up CPR, which were derived from a published editorial by Dr. Moore. They emphasized that studies showing no improved outcomes often violate these rules, highlighting the significance of proper technique. Jamie Davis, the host of the Disaster Podcast, introduced the episode, which would focus on the science and physiology of elevated CPR, while Sam and Dan briefly discussed the early winter weather conditions across the United States. Head-Up CPR Research Advances The discussion focused on head-up CPR, a novel research advancement in resuscitation aimed at improving neurologic survival. Kurt explained its origins, highlighting a case study involving a ski hill cardiac arrest patient who survived due to an elevated head position, which was later recognized as a critical factor. The conversation also touched on a study conducted in South Korea, where researchers developed a modified EMS stretcher to accommodate patients in high-rise buildings with small elevators, leading to the question of the optimal CPR position. Initial findings from animal studies suggested that a head-up position could reduce intracranial pressure, potentially improving outcomes during CPR. CPR Physiology and Blood Flow Joe explained the physiology of CPR, focusing on how differences in pressure inside the body create blood flow. He described how chest compressions increase intrathoracic pressure, pushing blood towards the brain and other areas of lower pressure. He emphasized that over-ventilation and incomplete chest recoil can be detrimental during CPR, as they prevent blood from flowing back into the heart. He also noted that patients who exhibit “guppy breathing” during resuscitation have a better chance of successful resuscitation. CPR Vacuum Technology and Physiology Joe explained the physiology of blood flow during CPR, focusing on the importance of preload and the manipulation of pressure differences between the thoracic cavity and the brain. He described how the ITD16 device creates a vacuum in the chest to enhance blood flow to the brain and reduce intracranial pressure. Joe also discussed the concept of “head-up CPR,” which combines enhanced vacuum with gravity assistance to improve blood flow and neuroprotective outcomes. Head-Up CPR Techniques and Safety Sam and Kurt discussed the importance of using proper equipment and techniques for head-up CPR, as outlined by Dr. Joanna Moore’s “four rules.” Kurt emphasized that suction cup CPR in conjunction with an ITD or rescue pod is crucial for effective and safe head-up CPR. He also stressed the need for a priming period, avoiding excessive head elevation, and slow head-up positioning to prevent blood from draining from the head faster than CPR can pump it back in. Kurt noted that studies claiming head-up CPR doesn’t work often violate these rules, highlighting the significance of adhering to the correct procedures. Head-Up CPR: A Novel Approach The team discussed the importance of proper technique in head-up CPR, emphasizing that it requires a bundled care approach with specific parameters to be effective. Joe and Kurt shared a case study of a retired fire chief who successfully underwent head-up CPR, highlighting the potential benefits of this novel approach. The discussion also touched on the concept of using a combination of therapies in resuscitation, similar to the drug cocktail approach used in treating HIV. Success Stories in Advanced CPR The meeting focused on sharing and discussing remarkable cases of successful CPR, particularly highlighting the concept of “head-up” CPR, which has shown improved outcomes. Kurt and Joe shared several stories of patients who experienced significant neurologic recoveries after cardiac arrests, with survival rates and recovery rates significantly higher than national averages. The discussion emphasized the potential of advanced CPR techniques to improve survival and neurologic outcomes, with Joe noting that two of his services have seen similar success rates. The group the role of specialized training, with Jamie highlighting the sponsorship of the Disaster Podcast by Paragon Medical Education Group. Catch the full episode using the player above or on your favorite podcast platform, and don’t forget to subscribe to the Disaster Podcast for weekly insights from leaders in disaster response and research!

We are joined by Kurt Bramer from Advanced CPR Solutions again this week to continue the series on Head-Up CPR and other promising sudden cardiac arrest treatments. He and Dr. Joe Holley kicked off the discussion in two previous episodes. Elevated CPR Series Episode One Elevated CPR Series Episode Two Elevated CPR Series Episode Four Elevated CPR Series Episode Five We open this week’s episode with a holiday severe weather update from our disaster meteorologist, Dan DePodwin. He reports on several storm systems that will impact Thanksgiving holiday travel across the eastern half of the country. Following that update, we kick off episode 3 of our Head-Up CPR series with a look at the long history of the evolutionary changes to cardiac arrest treatment. Kurt Bramer from Advanced CPR Solutions leads off with a response to some comments to the first two episodes in this series. A few listeners worried that we might sound like we were criticizing the individual responders on cardiac arrest calls over the low survival rates for the condition. The team made a joint statement that no criticism of providers in the field was intended. We all are providers ourselves and are merely commenting on the results that everyone has been getting in response to treating cardiac arrest. Some systems do better with resource management than others, but even those areas fail to save even a simple majority of their cardiac arrest patients. CARES Registry for Cardiac Arrest Stats Follow up on more of these segments as we continue to look at the current research trends in future episodes and what is on the horizon for the future. The episode was co-hosted by Sam Bradley and Jamie Davis. Scroll down for Podcast Discussion Summary Thank you as always to Paragon Medical Education Group for their long-term support of the Disaster Podcast. Dr. Joe Holley and the team at Paragon continue to provide excellent and customized disaster response training to jurisdictions around the U.S. and internationally as well. Podcast Discussion Summary CPR Challenges and Future Improvements The meeting began with a discussion about travel weather for the Thanksgiving weekend, with Dan DePodwin warning of widespread lake effect snow in the eastern United States and a potential ground blizzard in the Dakotas and Minnesota. The group then transitioned to their main topic, CPR, where Joe clarified that their previous discussion about CPR’s limitations was not meant to criticize CPR providers, but rather to highlight the challenges and lack of progress in the field over the past 50 years. They planned to explore potential improvements to CPR in future episodes. Advancements in CPR Techniques Kurt Bramer, with 40 years of experience in EMS and emergency management, discussed the history of CPR, highlighting its evolution from mouth-to-mouth resuscitation to modern techniques. He emphasized the need for better tools and more effective methods for emergency responders, as current practices are often based on outdated or insufficiently tested techniques. The group acknowledged that while responders are doing their best with limited tools, recent research may lead to positive changes in CPR practices. They also touched on the introduction of high-performance CPR in the 2010s, which aimed to maximize the effectiveness of current technologies and minimize detrimental pauses during resuscitation efforts. Mechanical CPR Guidelines Review The discussion focused on the American Heart Association’s recent guidelines regarding mechanical CPR, which recommend against routine use but allow for exceptions like transport scenarios. Kurt and Joe highlighted that the guidelines lump together different types of mechanical compressors, ignoring their unique physiological effects and training limitations. They emphasized that current research primarily focuses on patient survival as an endpoint, which may not fully capture the benefits of mechanical CPR, such as improved blood flow and reduced pauses during resuscitation. The conversation also touched on the importance of considering neurological outcomes beyond mere survival and the need for better training on integrating mechanical devices into overall cardiac arrest management. Bundle Care Approach in Resuscitation The group discussed the bundle of care approach in resuscitation, focusing on the use of multiple therapies simultaneously to improve patient outcomes. Kurt and Joe highlighted the success of the ITD (Impedance Threshold Device) when used with high-quality CPR, leading to a 50% increase in one-year survival. They also noted that only a small percentage of resuscitation guidelines are supported by randomized control trials, emphasizing the challenges in interpreting research data. The group discussed the importance of disaster preparedness and the role of specialized training, with Jamie highlighting the sponsorship of the Disaster Podcast by Paragon Medical Education Group. Catch the full episode using the player above or on your favorite podcast platform, and don’t forget to subscribe to the Disaster Podcast for weekly insights from leaders in disaster response and research!

Kurt Bramer from Advanced CPR Solutions comes back on the show this week to continue the series on Head-Up CPR and other promising sudden cardiac arrest treatments. He and Dr. Joe Holley kicked off the discussion in a previous episode. Elevated CPR Series Episode One Elevated CPR Series Episode Three Elevated CPR Series Episode Four Elevated CPR Series Episode Five In this second episode installment of the sudden cardiac arrest and CPR series Kurt and Dr. Joe Holley discuss some key flaws in approaching cardiac arrest research like other medical diseases and treatments. The large number of unknown and uncontrollable variables surrounding sudden cardiac arrest make it hard for randomized control trials to effectively pinpoint positive treatment modalities. CARES Registry for Cardiac Arrest Stats Follow up on more of these segments as we continue to look at the current research trends in future episodes and what is on the horizon for the future. The episode was co-hosted by Sam Bradley and Jamie Davis. Scroll down for Podcast Discussion Summary Thank you as always to Paragon Medical Education Group for their long-term support of the Disaster Podcast. Dr. Joe Holley and the team at Paragon continue to provide excellent and customized disaster response training to jurisdictions around the U.S. and internationally as well. Podcast Discussion Summary Challenges in Resuscitation Research Funding Kurt discussed the paradox between resuscitation research and orphan drugs, highlighting how both lack funding despite their importance. He explained that orphan drugs target rare conditions, making research and development challenging due to limited market potential, similar to the situation in cardiac arrest resuscitation, which is a leading cause of death worldwide but receives limited research funding. Joe agreed, noting that complacency and insufficient focus contribute to the lack of high-quality research and implementation of new techniques in cardiac arrest resuscitation. Sam questioned the reliance on randomized control trials as the gold standard for evaluating resuscitation therapies, suggesting a need to explore alternative research paradigms. Propensity Score Matching in Research Kurt explained the concept of propensity score matching, a statistical analysis tool that allows for patient-to-patient comparisons using control groups not part of randomized trials, by matching variables such as age, downtime, and bystander CPR. Joe elaborated on the challenges of conducting cardiac arrest resuscitation research, highlighting the difficulty of patient participation in randomized trials and the need for large patient numbers to account for numerous impactful details. Jamie questioned the acceptance of different statistical analyses, to which Kurt responded that the issue is primarily one of unfamiliarity, as propensity score matching is widely used in other industries but not yet fully embraced in medicine. Improving CPR Techniques and Trials Joe and Kurt discussed the challenges of conducting randomized controlled trials for cardiac arrest, noting the difficulty in controlling variables and the high cost associated with large-scale studies. They highlighted the importance of using large numbers of patients to account for variables and the need for funding, which is often scarce. Sam brought up the discovery of the ITD and the plunger concept, leading to the suggestion of placing a thumb over the end of the ET tube to enhance pressure differentials and improve blood flow during CPR. Joe explained the hydrodynamic principles behind this technique, emphasizing the role of pressure differentials in creating flow and enhancing cardiac output. Counterintuitive CPR Physiology Insights The group discussed counterintuitive aspects of CPR physiology, including how preventing air from entering the lungs during chest compressions can actually improve blood flow. Kurt shared that many of these discoveries were made serendipitously while studying the body’s response to cardiac arrest. The discussion touched on the challenges of rural emergency response and the importance of data collection in EMS agencies. The participants agreed to continue the series with future episodes focusing on heads-up CPR and various therapies, with Kurt promising to share survival stories in the next installment. The group discussed the importance of disaster preparedness and the role of specialized training, with Jamie highlighting the sponsorship of the Disaster Podcast by Paragon Medical Education Group. Catch the full episode using the player above or on your favorite podcast platform, and don’t forget to subscribe to the Disaster Podcast for weekly insights from leaders in disaster response and research!

Kurt Bramer from Advanced CPR Solutions comes on the show this week with Dr. Joe Holley. Kurt has a background in EMS since 1979 and worked as an emergency manager in Minneapolis. He currently works for Advanced CPR Solutions as a clinical educator. Sudden cardiac arrest is a global disaster that rivals the recent viral pandemic in scope. Cardiac arrest is by far the number one killer worldwide according to every public health agency of note. Over the years, treatment of this problem has a less than 4 or 5 percent survival rate with only minor incremental changes to treatment modalities. CARES Registry for Cardiac Arrest Stats Episode 2 of Elevated CPR Series Episode 3 of Elevated CPR Series Episode 4 of Elevated CPR Series Episode 5 of Elevated CPR Series The regular treatment updates that go out every five years feature only relatively minor adjustments to treatments that aren’t all that effective. Part of the problem is that it’s nearly impossible to accurately study the effects of various treatments on cardiac arrest victims due to the wide variety of variables present. Follow up on more of these segments as we continue to look at the current research trends in future episodes and what is on the horizon for the future. The episode was co-hosted by Sam Bradley and Jamie Davis. Scroll down for Podcast Discussion Summary Thank you as always to Paragon Medical Education Group for their long-term support of the Disaster Podcast. Dr. Joe Holley and the team at Paragon continue to provide excellent and customized disaster response training to jurisdictions around the U.S. and internationally as well. Podcast Discussion Summary Advancing Cardiac Arrest Survival Strategies Jamie, Sam, and Kurt discussed the global disaster of sudden cardiac arrest, highlighting its prevalence and the low survival rate despite advancements in CPR. Kurt explained the distinction between evolutionary and revolutionary changes in resuscitation, emphasizing the need for significant innovations like public access defibrillation and rescue CPR. The group planned to explore these topics further in upcoming episodes, aiming to engage both EMS professionals and emergency managers in addressing this critical issue. CPR Practices and Research Evolution The group discussed the evolution of CPR practices and the impact of scientific research on patient outcomes. Kurt and Jamie shared their experiences with skepticism and complacency among emergency responders regarding cardiac arrest cases, noting that previous protocol changes often had limited effectiveness. The conversation highlighted the importance of evidence-based practices and the potential for new techniques, like active compression and decompression, to improve survival rates. Cardiac Arrest Survival Rates Challenges The group discussed the challenges and limited success rates in resuscitating cardiac arrest patients, with Joe noting that despite advancements, survival rates remain around 10-11%, equivalent to a 90% failure rate. Kurt explained that while the Cardiac Arrest Registry for Enhanced Survival (CARES) data shows a 10% overall survival rate, the rate for neurologically intact survival has remained below 9% since 2013. The discussion highlighted the difficulties in conducting research on cardiac arrest due to variables like CPR quality, EMS response models, and patient characteristics, leading Kurt to suggest that randomized control trials may not be the most effective research paradigm for this field. Challenges in Pre-Hospital RCTs The group discussed challenges in conducting randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for pre-hospital resuscitation, with Joe highlighting significant variability in CPR quality and ventilation techniques. Kurt mentioned Peter Safar’s work and his belief that high-quality animal studies are needed before deploying therapies in uncontrolled EMS environments. The discussion also touched on the American Heart Association’s guidelines, with Joe noting that while these represent the state of science, local factors and resource constraints must be considered when implementing recommendations. Advancing CPR Techniques for Survival The meeting focused on a series discussing cardiac arrest as a global disaster, with a particular emphasis on improving CPR techniques. Kurt Bramer shared a case study from a ski slope where a patient’s recovery was attributed to the use of a rescue pump and the gravitational effect of being in an inclined position. The group discussed the potential of “head-up CPR” as a promising technique, and Jamie Davis announced upcoming episodes in the series. The participants agreed to continue exploring these topics in future discussions. The group discussed the importance of disaster preparedness and the role of specialized training, with Jamie highlighting the sponsorship of the Disaster Podcast by Paragon Medical Education Group. Catch the full episode using the player above or on your favorite podcast platform, and don’t forget to subscribe to the Disaster Podcast for weekly insights from leaders in disaster response and research!

Marcus Coleman Vice President of Community Resilience Strategy, for the United Way Worldwide joins the podcast episode. He talks with the team about the 138 year history of the United Way and its commitment to 4 areas of community resilience: Disaster, Resilient Ecosystems, Economic Resilience, and Personal Resilience (personal connectedness and social capital). They commit to being there for people before, during, and after disaster strikes. Also joining us to participate in the discussion is our disaster emergency management expert, Becky DePodwin. She brings her background to asking Marcus questions about the ways local communities are adapting to the rapidly changing Federal response system in the current environment. Tip Sheet PDF for United We Prepare Initiative United We Prepare Program Homepage The episode was co-hosted by Sam Bradley and Jamie Davis. Scroll down for Podcast Discussion Summary Thank you as always to Paragon Medical Education Group for their long-term support of the Disaster Podcast. Dr. Joe Holley and the team at Paragon continue to provide excellent and customized disaster response training to jurisdictions around the U.S. and internationally as well. Podcast Discussion Summary Community Resilience and Climate Action The group welcomed Marcus Coleman, Vice President of Community Resilience Strategy for United Way Worldwide, and discussed his role in establishing public-private partnerships to promote community resilience and address the climate crisis. They briefly touched on recent weather patterns and the success of a recent podcast episode. United Way’s Crisis Response Initiatives Marcus explained United Way’s 138-year history as an interfaith organization that mobilizes communities during crises, with a focus on disaster response, environmental resilience, economic resilience, and social connectedness. He detailed how United Ways activate locally during disasters through partnerships with organizations like the Red Cross and Salvation Army, leveraging their 2-1-1 information service and existing community relationships. Marcus highlighted their role in both immediate disaster response, as seen in recent events in Texas and Alaska, and long-term recovery efforts, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, where they focused on mental health support and trauma recovery. Mental Health in Disaster Recovery The discussion focused on the importance of mental health support in disaster recovery, with Becky highlighting how survivors cope with both physical and psychological impacts after disasters. Marcus shared an example from Valdosta, Georgia, where the local United Way, in partnership with Resilient Georgia and Legacy Behavioral Health Services, has expanded mental health training and support for both survivors and first responders following three hurricanes in 18 months. The conversation emphasized the role of United Ways in connecting communities to mental health resources, particularly in the long-term recovery phase when emergency responders have departed. United Way Disaster Preparedness Initiative Marcus explained United We Prepare, a national initiative by United Way to enhance disaster preparedness, focusing on risk understanding, family communication plans, and safeguarding valuables. He highlighted the role of local United Ways in coordinating volunteers, supporting caregivers, and integrating preparedness into existing community programs. Marcus also discussed how United Ways conduct community needs assessments to address housing insecurity and provide data for emergency operations planning. United Way’s Disaster Preparedness Efforts Marcus discussed United Way’s efforts in addressing food and financial insecurity, highlighting their partnerships with food banks and financial education initiatives. He also talked about their focus on hurricane recovery and preparedness, emphasizing the importance of building strong relationships with meteorologists and other emergency management professionals. Becky, a meteorologist, agreed on the importance of year-round preparedness and suggested that United Way continue to build relationships with local weather forecasting offices and private sector weather companies. She also expressed interest in how United Way might step in to fill gaps left by the federal government in disaster response. Lessons from FEMA Leadership Marcus reflected on lessons learned from past FEMA administrators, emphasizing the importance of whole community engagement, locally-led emergency management, and maintaining core values such as compassion and fairness. He highlighted the need for continued investment in emergency management systems and the role of United Way in supporting communities during crises. Marcus also discussed the challenges posed by pandemics, extreme weather, and misinformation, and the importance of positioning United Way as a partner of choice in navigating these disruptions. 211 Service Expansion and Impact Marcus explained the role of 211 as a free service connecting people to resources through referrals and partnerships with nonprofit organizations and government agencies. He highlighted that disaster-related assistance calls increased by 50% in 2024, with top needs including housing, utility, and food assistance. Marcus also noted that 211 complements local government services, providing support for non-emergency crises, and praised Heather Black for her leadership in mobilizing 211 systems across the United States and Canada. United We Prepare Initiative Overview Marcus explained the United We Prepare initiative, and discussed how it involves community-based organizations in 14 markets. He emphasized that the initiative provides resources for individual preparedness and encourages collaboration with local United Ways, which cover 95% of the country. Marcus also outlined various ways for individuals and nonprofits to get involved as volunteers, including connecting with local United Ways and utilizing the dedicated volunteer page on the United Way website. Marcus Returns for Disaster Preparedness The conversation ended with positive feedback about Marcus’s participation and an agreement to have him return for future episodes, particularly to discuss disaster preparedness, response, and recovery efforts. Jamie expressed interest in featuring United Way representatives again and encouraged them to reach out for future discussions. Marcus offered to connect Jamie with local CEOs for more localized insights and emphasized the importance of community resilience. The group also discussed the upcoming release of the podcast episode and the potential for sharing it on the United Way’s website. The group discussed the importance of disaster preparedness and the role of specialized training, with Jamie highlighting the sponsorship of the Disaster Podcast by Paragon Medical Education Group. Catch the full episode using the player above or on your favorite podcast platform, and don’t forget to subscribe to the Disaster Podcast for weekly insights from leaders in disaster response and research!

credit — National Hurricane Center Tonight on the Disaster Podcast we dig into the expected impacts Hurricane Melissa will carry into Jamaica as it impacts the island country in the Caribbean. Disaster meteorologist Dan DePodwin and disaster emergency management expert Becky DePodwin join us this evening to look at the storm’s origins and projected track. Melissa threatens multiple countries with hurricane and tropical storm force winds. In addition to Jamaica, Cuba, the Bahamas, and Bermuda are all in the projected cone of travel. Additionally, Haiti and the Dominican Republic are getting peripheral storm effects. The episode was co-hosted by Sam Bradley and Jamie Davis. Scroll down for Podcast Discussion Summary Thank you as always to Paragon Medical Education Group for their long-term support of the Disaster Podcast. Dr. Joe Holley and the team at Paragon continue to provide excellent and customized disaster response training to jurisdictions around the U.S. and internationally as well. Podcast Discussion Summary Hurricane Melissa Impact Discussion Jamie hosted a mid-week update episode of the Disaster Podcast to discuss Hurricane Melissa, which is expected to be the strongest storm recorded worldwide in 2023. Jamie, Sam, and Dan discussed the storm’s potential impact, with concerns raised about entire communities being wiped off the coastline due to storm surge and prolonged winds. The team planned to bring in meteorologists and disaster management experts for further updates, and Jamie noted that this episode would be shorter than usual due to another episode already scheduled for Friday. Category 5 Hurricane Impact Assessment Dan explained that Jamaica and eastern Cuba are facing a dire situation due to an extremely strong Category 5 hurricane, Melissa, which rapidly intensified over the weekend. He noted that the storm is moving unusually slowly, which will prolong the impacts, including prolonged hurricane-force winds, significant infrastructure damage, and several feet of rain. Sam mentioned that this year has seen three Category 5 hurricanes, the most in a single season since 2005, and asked Dan about the rarity of such events, to which Dan responded that it is concerning, especially given the potential impacts of climate change on hurricane intensity. Rapid Hurricane Intensification Trends Dan explained that rapid hurricane intensification, such as Melissa’s recent rapid development, has become more noticeable due to improved monitoring and reporting, though the exact rate of such events is unclear. He noted several recent examples of rapid intensification, including Hurricane Michael and Otis, which caused significant damage. Sam asked about factors influencing hurricane speed, and Dan clarified that steering winds in the atmosphere determine a hurricane’s movement, with weak steering winds allowing Melissa to meander slowly across the Caribbean. Jamie raised concerns about the impact of storm surge on coastal communities, particularly critical infrastructure, and questioned how to effectively communicate such risks to the public. Hurricane Melissa Impact on Jamaica Jamie and Becky discussed the challenges faced by Jamaicans as Hurricane Melissa approaches, noting the lack of evacuation options due to economic dependencies on fishing and limited resources. Becky highlighted the storm’s well-forecasted nature but expressed concern about the prolonged impact and Category 5 intensity, emphasizing the logistical hurdles in providing aid post-storm. Dan provided an update on the storm’s projected path, predicting significant impacts in Jamaica, Cuba, the Bahamas, and Bermuda, with Jamaica expected to bear the brunt as the first landfall. He advised residents to remain in safe shelters and outlined the expected wind, flooding, and landslides in affected areas. Caribbean Hurricane Preparedness Concerns Becky expressed concerns about the impact of the upcoming hurricane in the Caribbean, particularly in Jamaica, noting that while the island has experienced hurricanes before, this one is expected to be significantly more severe. She highlighted the limited evacuation options and infrastructure challenges, suggesting that many residents may not be prepared for the magnitude of the disaster. Jamie mentioned that a Hurricane Hunter flight was aborted due to extreme wind conditions, an unusual occurrence that Dan might be able to provide more context on. Hurricane Hunting and Turbulence Challenges Dan discussed the National Hurricane Center’s report about a NOAA aircraft that encountered severe turbulence while flying through a storm, highlighting the challenges of flying into rapidly intensifying hurricanes. He explained that while commercial flights experience turbulence, hurricane flights can be significantly rougher, with large altitude changes and intense shaking. Dan also mentioned a notable incident during Hurricane Hugo in the late 1980s when an aircraft lost an engine, leading to changes in procedures. Becky and Sam discussed their interest in hurricane hunting, with Becky recalling a Hurricane Hunter Tour event they attended in Harrisburg, and Dan emphasized the importance of these flights for gathering critical data on hurricane structure and intensity. Hurricane Impact and Aid Planning The group discussed the recent hurricane and its impact on the islands, with Dan providing detailed information about weather research planes and their sensor technology. Jamie suggested reaching out to Nick for potential contacts and mentioned that Commonwealth nations might provide aid. The team expressed concern for the islands and emphasized the importance of preparedness, thanking Paragon Medical Education Group for their sponsorship. They agreed to follow up after the storm passes on Thursday and encouraged listeners to check out Paragon’s disaster training programs. Catch the full episode using the player above or on your favorite podcast platform, and don’t forget to subscribe to the Disaster Podcast for weekly insights from leaders in disaster response and research!